实用英语写作 总结版.ppt

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1、#第一题Week3Signs标识标识Features（1）往往全部用大写字母，不加句号。NOSMOKING,NOPARKING（2）字数通常都很少，最少的只有一个词，不超过十几个词。（3）语言精练，常用名词（动名词）或名词短语：NOLEFTTURN（4）有时使用祈使句#Commonlyusedsigns交通标识(TrafficSigns)、商用标识(BusinessSigns)、公共场所常用标识(PublicSigns)Companysigns/promotingsigns#一、短语类标示语一、短语类标示语1.名词性短语(n.phrase)问讯台；夜间服务窗 Night-Service Win

2、dow；收发室Dispatchers Office；太平门 办公时间Business Hours;建筑工地 Construction Site;无购物通道Non-purchaseexitInformationDeskEmergencyDoor；#2.动词性短语(v.phrase)(1)“禁止禁止”类标示语。类标示语。“Dontpicktheflowers”（禁止摘花）“Donttreadonthelawn”（禁止践踏草坪）“Dontmakenoise”（禁止喧哗）Revisedones“Keepawayfromtheflowers,please.”“Takecareoftheflowers/t

3、hegrass,please.”“Quiet,please.”#汉语表示禁止的标识语一般用汉语表示禁止的标识语一般用“禁止禁止/请勿请勿+动词动词”结构结构,而在英语标识语中常用而在英语标识语中常用“No+名词或动名词名词或动名词”的形式。的形式。任何时间不准停车Nostoppingatanytime；禁止通行Nothoroughfare；未经允许货车禁止通行Notradeorbusinessvehicleunlessauthorized。2.动词性短语#(2)“指导指导”类标示语类标示语凭票入场AdmissionbyTicketOnly；谢绝儿童入场ChildrenNotAdmitted;全

4、已预定AllReserved;此路封闭TheRoadClosed2.动词性短语#二、二、祈使句式祈使句式imperative请为残疾人让开此座PLEASEVACATETHISSEATFORADISABLEDPERSONIFREQUIRED请勿向河中投掷垃圾PLEASEDONOTTHROWRUBBISHINTOTHISRIVER#三、主谓句式三、主谓句式(S+P)法规要求系安全带Thelawrequiresyouwearaseatbelt随时停车Thisvehiclestopsfrequently#公共场所常用标识语（1）Children and Senior Citizens Free 儿童与

5、老人免费 Do Not Enter,Alarm Operating装有警报，禁止入内Do Not Put(Place)Bicycles Against The Railings 请不要把自行车靠到栏杆上 Do not use this lift as a means ofescape in the event of fire 遇火时，严禁使用此电梯 Fire Construction Points to Note 注意消防设施Fire Escape,Keep Clear 安全出口，保持通畅Fire Exit Only 火警出口For Public Use 公用Free of Charge 免费

6、#公共场所常用标识语（2）Fully Air Conditioned 空调全面开放Gates in Use Night&Day 此门昼夜使用 Gents/Men/Mans Room男厕Waiting Room and Ladies/Womans Room女厕No Admittance 禁止入内No Bathing,Fishing Allowed In This Pond此池塘禁止游泳，垂钓No Charge 不收费No Entry For General Public 公众不得入内#公共场所常用标识语（3）Non-Smokers Only仅供非吸烟者Obstruction of the doo

7、r can be dangerous禁止堵塞门口Open All Year Round/Open All Year全年开放Opening Hours:开放/开门/营业时间Please do not leave rubbish here 请不要在此倒垃圾 Please feel free to smoke in the lounge 休息室允许吸烟Please Use Other Doors 请走其他门 Private Function Only 只供私人使用 Public Toilet 公厕#Trafficsigns交通标识#Trafficsigns交通标识（1）AvoidtheJams避免交

8、通堵塞DangerousBend弯道危险DivertedTraffic交叉路口EntryToMotorway高速入口LeftJunction左交叉口PedestrianCrossing人行横道#Trafficsigns交通标识（2）SpeedLimitof48kmh限速每小时48公里NoParkingInFrontofThisGate门前禁止停车ParkingPermitted允许停车StrictlyNoParking严禁停车BusStand公共汽车停车处Incaseoffire,stayinvehicle如遇火警，请呆在车内#Trafficsigns交通标识（3）DepartureTime离

9、港时间DepartureTimesOnReverse返航时间DestinationAirport到达机场ExittoAllroutes各通道出口#Trafficsigns交通标识（4）Whenthebusismoving,donotspeaktothedriver汽车行使中，严禁与司机交谈PleaseKeepGatewaysClear请保持过道畅通SingleorReturnTicketsOnly单程或往返程票#商场促销标识（Promoting Signs）（1）50%OffonSelectedLines部分商品降半价Accessories&SparesDeliveredtoYourDoor配

10、件送货上门AsManyRepairsAsYouNeed,FreeofCharge随时免费维修BrighterShopping,BrighterPrices明智的购物，透明的价格#BuyOneandGetAnyoneFree买一赠一ClosingSale关门大甩卖Customercareisourtoppriority顾客至上FinalClearOut清仓大甩卖商场促销标识（Promoting Signs）（2）#商场促销标识（Promoting Signs）（3）FreeDeliverytoYourDoor免费送货上门SaleatBreakdownPrice跳楼价甩卖SaveUpto40%Sp

11、ecialOffer特价6折优惠#Section4英汉标识语对比英汉标识语对比英汉标识语有如下四点相似之处：1以为中心登记处Registration咨询台Informationdesk消防通道FireEngineAccess机场休息室Airportlounge美食街FoodCourt名词#2以为中心推杠报警PushforAlarm小心碰头MindYourHead登记入住CheckIn小心轻放HandlewithCare动词#3.结构标识语经常向人们发出一些号召，提出一些请求或要求以创建舒适有序的环境。请爱护公共设施PleaseProtectPublicFacilities请节约用水Please

12、SaveWater请出示证件PleaseShowYourID请排队等候入场PleaseLineUp请#4.非结构标识语的社会功能是对公众进行提示和指示。或对其行为进行限制和禁止，语料分析显示，英汉标识语都常用肯定句式进行提示或指示，句式简洁，意思清晰；而用否定句式进行约束和限制，语气郑重、严肃，有较强的警示性和权威性。请字#2不同的表达角度禁止摆卖NoVendors非公莫入StaffOnly伸手出水AutomaticTap当心触电Danger!HighVoltage在表达方式上汉英两种标识语常采用相反的表达角度，汉语通常采用否定句式对某种动作或行为进行禁止，而英语则直接用肯定句式表达；汉语通常

13、用祈使句提示公众对某事物作出反应，而英语则习惯直接用名词短语进行提示。#3.对称结构与非对称结构(汉语四字成语对偶)Offerissubjecttoavailability现货优惠，卖完为止KeepAwayforSafety注意安全，请勿靠近EscalatorOutofService电梯维修，暂停使用Fireescapetobeclearofobstruction安全出口，保持通畅#4“禁止请勿+动词”结构与“No+名词”结构汉语表示禁止的标识语一般用“禁止请勿+动词”结构，而在英语标识语中常用“No+名词或动名词”的形式。例如：禁止吸食摇头丸NoDrugs请勿将软包装的饮料带入场内NoDri

14、nksfromOutside请勿乱扔废弃物NoLittering不准停车NoParking#5主动形式与被动形式英语民族由于其客观思维习惯，语言表达上多用被动结构，标识语也不例外；而汉民族的主观思维模式使得其在标识语的表达上也惯用主动语态，很少或根本看不到汉语标识语中出现被动语态。例如：车位已满Occupied已预定Reserved暂停Temporarilyclosed此工地必须戴安全帽Safetyhelmetsmustbewornonthissite保证干净舒适Cleannessandcomfortassured#4礼貌性原则多用“please”“Thankyou”“Sorry”“welco

15、me”等。如：“电梯故障停运，正在维修，请原谅”译作“EscalatorunderrepairSorryfortheinconvenience”，“请爱护公共财产”译作“PleaseProtectPublicProperty”。#5跨文化传统原则“Pleaseofferyourseatstotheseniors，children，pregnantwomen，thesickandthedisabledThankyou”考虑到外国老年人不想被人看作老而无用的心理感受，这里最好用theseniors”而不用“theold”来译“老人”#6警示性原则转弯慢行”虽然汉语中没有警示性字眼，英译时还是加上“

16、Caution”一词为好，可以译成“Caution!TurnAheadSlowDown”，以突出其警示作用。#Practice请为下列图形配上英文及中文说明。（1）（2）（3）（3）FirstStreet第一大街（1）（2）（3）（4）DoNotEnter请勿入内Stop停Yield请让行#（1）DangerousBend（2）EntryToMotorway（3）NoParkingExceptForLoading（4）FreePrizeDraw（5）PleaseJoinTheMainQueue（6）Private（7）DoNotSpeakToTheDriverWhileBusIsInMotio

17、n 翻译下列英文标识。（1）弯路危险汽车行驶过程中请勿与司机交谈机动车道入口此处卸货禁止停车/装卸区域禁止停车免费抽奖请排队私人（住宅/车道禁止入内）#（8）MensRestroom（9）FewerLanesAhead（10）NoGoodsVehiclesOverMaximumGrossWeightShown（11）KeepUpright/StandOnEnd（12）DogsMustBeOnLeashes（13）LeisureTimeBowlingCenter（14）InCaseOfFire/UseStairways/DoNotUseElevators 翻译下列英文标识。（2）男厕禁止超出所标

18、示最高载重量的货车驶入前方并线狗必须系上皮带（绳子）请勿倒置/直立放置如遇火警/请走楼梯/勿乘电梯保龄球馆#（15）AbusiveLanguageProhibitedOnCampus（16）UsedCarDealer（17）HairdressingSalon（18）Locksmith（19）businesshours 翻译下列英文标识。（3）校园内不准说粗话美发沙龙/美发中心二手车行/旧车市场营业时间修锁（锁匠）#翻译下列汉语标识（1）（1）免税商店（2）车道暂时禁止通行（3）注意防潮/保持干燥（4）欲过马路，请按按钮/等候过马路的信号（5）装卸区域/消防区域/建筑工地，严禁停车（6）禁止携犬

19、入内（7）内有消防水带和灭火器DutyFreeGuardAgainstDamp/KeepdryTemporaryLaneClosedLoadingZone/FireZone/ConstructionNoParkingCrossStreet/PushButton/WaitForwalkSignalFireHose/FireExtinguisherInsideNoDogsAllowed#翻译下列汉语标识（2）（8）此处不准使用手机（9）请使用旋转门（10）服务台兼彩票出售台（11）注意：旅客专用，扶好扶手，搀好孩子，别靠扶梯边太近（12）除非危险情况否则不准按喇叭（13）无烟校区NoCellula

20、rseljlPhoneAllowed/TurnOffCellularPhoneServiceDesk/LotteryPleaseUseRevolvingDoorNoHornBlowingExceptForDangerCaution:PassengersOnly/HoldHandrail/AttendChildren/AvoidRiskDrug-FreeSchoolZone#翻译下列汉语标识（3）（14）红灯亮时，不准转弯（15）随时照看好你的物品（16）请协助我们，保持地铁清洁卫生（17）请保留车票待检（18）机场休息室（19）失物招领NoTurnOnRedHelpustokeepthetub

21、elitterfreeNeverLeaveYourPropertyUnattendedAirportloungesPleaseretainyourticketforinspectionLostProperty/LostandFound#请为下面的标识找出正确的翻译。（1）放射性物品放射性物品压缩气体压缩气体 液体货物液体货物 爆炸物爆炸物易碎物品易碎物品 易腐物品易腐物品 有毒物品有毒物品 货品标识货品标识EXPLOSIVES LIQUID FRAGILE POISON PERISHABLE RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCE COMPRESSED GAS#请为下面的标识找出正确的翻译

22、。（3）雷达在测速让行前面修筑道路 违例停泊车辆将被拖走公路不准抛垃圾交通标识语UNLAWFUL TO LITTER HIGHWAYS TOW AWAY SPEED CHECKED BY RADARYIELD ROAD WORK AHEAD#第三题Week7letters书信#中文信封格式WritersaddressReceiversaddress#英文信封格式WritersaddressReceiversaddress#Form形式English Letters take three forms:The blocked formThe indented formThe modified fo

23、rm#School of Foreign LanguagesSouthwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang,Sichuan 621000China10 September,2007Mr.Ronald PurvisDepartment of EducationMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing,MI 48824USA Dear Sir,A a A aYours sincerely,(Signature)The blocked form#School of Foreign Languages So

24、uthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang,Sichuan 621000 China 10 September,2007Mr.Ronald Purvis Department of Education Michigan State University East Lansing,MI 48824 USADear Mary,aa AAaa AA aa AAaa AA Yours sincerely,(Signature)The indented form#School of Foreign Languages Southwest U

25、niversity of Science and Technology Mianyang,Sichuan 621000 China 10 September,2007Mr.Ronald PurvisDepartment of EducationMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing,MI 48824USADear Sir,XX.a XXXX a Yours sincerely,(Signature)The modified form#Blocked Style Indented Style Modified _ _ _ _ _ _ _+_ _ _ _ _#P

26、arts1)theheading（信头）（信头）2)theinsideaddress（信内地址）（信内地址）3)thesalutation（称呼）（称呼）4)thebody（正文）（正文）5)thecomplimentaryclose（信尾谦语）（信尾谦语）6)thesignature（署名）（署名）7)theenclosure（附件）（附件）8)thepostscript（附言）（附言）The Heading 寄信人地址寄信人地址+日期日期#sampleOctober.2,2013 Dear Mr.Qian,According to our travel plans,we will arri

27、ve in Shanghai around January 12.We understand that your school holidays may be starting around that date so that it might be impossible for us to observe classes at that time.Nevertheless,we would like very much to visit your school.If it is convenient,we would appreciate being able to stay at the

28、school guest house during our stay in Shanghai.Were looking forward to receiving a reply soon.Sincerely yours,Pamela Smith#第四题AnnouncementTheannouncementisonekindofproclamatory(公告的)practicalwriting.Ifsomeorganizations,groupsorindividualswanttoillustratesomethingtothepublic,orwanttoaskhelp,orhavesome

29、requirementstotellthemasses,theycanwritewhattheywanttoexpressbrieflyintoanannouncement.Therearevariouskindsofannouncements,suchasFound,Lost,andHouseforRenting,etc.Oral宣布一件事Written启事#1.May I have/call your attention,please?请注意啦！请注意啦！2.Attention,please,everybody!大家请注意啦！大家请注意啦！3.I have an announcement

30、to make.我要宣布一个通知。我要宣布一个通知。4.I have something to tell you.我有事情要告诉你们。我有事情要告诉你们。5.I have some good news for you!我有好消息要告诉你们。我有好消息要告诉你们。Some commonly-used sentences:#6.There will be a talk this afternoon.今天下午有一个报告。今天下午有一个报告。7.The Student Union has decided that.学生会决定学生会决定8.We shall have a lecture on.我们将要听

31、一个关于我们将要听一个关于的报告。的报告。9.It has been decided that well pay a visit to.我们已决定要参观我们已决定要参观10.Please take your notebook with you.请随身带着笔记本。请随身带着笔记本。#11.Well gather at the school gate at eight tomorrow.我们明天八点在校门口集合。我们明天八点在校门口集合。12.Please be there on time and dont be late.请准时到达那儿，不要迟到。请准时到达那儿，不要迟到。13.I hope y

32、ou can have a good time.我希望你们能过得愉快。我希望你们能过得愉快。14.Thats all.Thank you.完了，谢谢。完了，谢谢。#ANNOUNCEMENTATALKON“ENGLISHTEACHINGINSHENZHEN”willbegivenbyComradeWuMingliangonSaturday,May10at8:30a.m.inRoomC510EnglishDepartmentOfficeSample1#Sample2ANNOUNCEMENTCONCERNEDSTUDENTS!Weneedvolunteerstoworkwithkidsbetween

33、theagesof7&17years.Youwouldbeabletogainvaluableexperienceswhileworkinginanactivityofyourchoice(i.e.pool,gym,photography,dancing,weightlifting,etc.).Forfurtherinformation,pleasecontactBarbGrahamattheMemorialBoysandGirlsClub(434-6054).#1.1.称呼：同学们称呼：同学们2.2.口头通知开头套语口头通知开头套语3.3.具体内容具体内容(事由、时间、地点、参与人等事由、时

34、间、地点、参与人等)：明天是明天是3 3月月1212日日植树节。为了保护我们植树节。为了保护我们的环境，校学生会的环境，校学生会(The Students Union)决决定二年级全体学生明天乘车去西山植树。早定二年级全体学生明天乘车去西山植树。早晨晨7 7：0000在校门口集合，别忘了穿上旧衣服，在校门口集合，别忘了穿上旧衣服，自带工具和午餐。自带工具和午餐。4.4.结尾套语。结尾套语。请按以下提示给全班同学做一个口头通知请按以下提示给全班同学做一个口头通知How to make an announcement?#Boys and girls,Tomorrow is March the 12

35、thTree Planting Day.In order to protect our environment,well go to the West Hill to plant trees there.Please meet at 7:00 in the morning at the school gate.Well go there by bus.Youd better put on your old clothes and bring tools and lunch with you.Dont be late.Thank you.A possible version for refere

36、nce:#第五题（安慰信）常用词汇：sorry遗憾、难过,regret遗憾,unexpected料想不到,relief安慰、慰藉,involvement卷入,misfortune不幸,stun使震惊,consolation安慰,spare使幸免于,assistance帮助#1.Sorrytolearnyourfailurein.得知你在中失败，深感遗憾2.Iwassosorrytohearthat听说我很难过。3.Iregrettohearthat听说我很遗憾。4.IcouldntfindwordstoexpresshowsadIwaswhenIlearnedthat得悉悲伤之情难以言表。常用

37、句型：#8.Imsureyourtroublewillbeoversoon.我相信不久困难就会过去的。我相信不久困难就会过去的。9.Icouldimaginehowsorryyouare,butIdowantyoutotakeiteasy.我能想象你有多么难过，但希望你千万要放宽心。我能想象你有多么难过，但希望你千万要放宽心。10.Ihopethingswillbeallrightsoon.我希望不久一切都会好的。我希望不久一切都会好的。11.PleaseletmeknowiftheresanythingthatIcandoforyou.有什么事情我可以帮忙的，请尽管告诉我。有什么事情我可以帮

38、忙的，请尽管告诉我。常用句型：#(1)给病人的慰问信(typical):DearJoe,Wearedistressedtohearthatyouhavebeentakeintohospital,andonbehalfofeveryoneIsendyoubestwishesforafullandspeedyrecovery.Wewillvisityouwhenyouarefeelingbetter.Pleaseletusknowifthereisanythingyouneedwhileinhospital.Pleasedonotworryaboutyourwork,aswearelookinga

39、ftereverythingforyouduringyourabsence.YoursSincerely*#(2)给蒙受物质损失者的慰问：DearAuntie,Iwassosaddenedandshockedtoknowthatyourhousecaughtfirelastweekandgreatpropertylosswascaused.Butdontworrytoomuchaboutit.Yourpropertyisinsuredandsoyoucanclaimloss.Andwekinsfolkwillsurelydoourbesttohelpyou.Youllhaveanewandbe

40、tterhousebuiltquitesoon.IllcometoseeyounextMondayandwecanmakearrangementsfortherebuildingthen.Takecare.Affectionately,Jimmy#第六题第六题Week4Diploma,Certificate#SamplesofCertificatesabirth/deathcertificateamarriagecertificateahealthcertificateaschoolingcertificateacertificateofhonoranotarialcertificateace

41、rtificateofrelationship#(Doctorscertificate)DoctorsCertificateJune.18,2000Thisistocertifythatthepatient,Mr.Tomas,male,aged41,wasadmittedintoourhospitalonJune.9,2000,forsufferingfromacuteappendicitis.Afterimmediateoperationandtendaysoftreatment,hehasgotcompleterecoveryandwillbedischargedonJune.19,200

42、0.Itissuggestedthatherestforoneweekathomebeforeresuminghiswork.JackHopkinsSurgeon-in-charge#SampleCertificateofHonorThisistocertifythatMr.ZhangMinghaswonthefirstprizeattheEnglishSpeechContestsponsoredbytheEnglishAssociationofCCBUPT.EnglishAssociationofCCBUPTApril,2007#第七题3.Invitationcards请柬请柬#Points

43、 in InvitationsOccasion:open house,awards banquet,anniversarycelebration,dinner-dance,retirementpartyDate and time:month,day,year,day ofweek,a.m.orp.m.(Informalinvitations,thetime is written out:“Seven oclock in theevening”;a.m.andp.m.areneverused.)Address:If necessary,include drivinginstructionsorm

44、ap.#Points in InvitationsBeginningGenerallythreekindsA:Xinvitesyoutoareception(party,etc.)at(place)on(date)at(time)B:youarewarmly(cordially)invitedtoattendareception(party,etc.)at(place)on(date)at(time)C:Xrequest(s)thepleasureofyourcompany(thecompanyofMr.Y)atareception(dinner,etc.)at(place)on(date)a

45、t(time)-thisoneisformal#注：除了上述基本内容外，在请柬左右下角还会附有其他说明：一种是写（请答复），再写电话号码；R.S.V.P.“请回复请回复”=Rpondezsilvousplat.（法语）（法语）=Reply,ifyouplease.Forregretsonly,意思是：若不能参加请回话（反过来，若能参加可不必答复）。一种是注明穿哪类服装，如写Dressformal,DressInformal/DressOptional,意思是衣着随便；一般场合可不加注。#PresidentGuBinglinTsinghuaUniversityrequeststhepleasur

46、eofthecompanyofMr.LuisBrankurt,AtaNewYearsPartyonWednesday,Dec.30th2008,at7:00p.m.InRm201,GuestHouseR.S.V.P.Tel:6278001December20th,2008Dress:Formal formalinvitation#行文不用第一人称，而是使用第三人称。书写格式不是普通书信那样一行接一行，而是以中线为准，左右均匀的形式出现。#范文一：本人具名请柬某某先生(女士、小姐)：我们定于月日下午时假座饭店厅举行婚宴恭请光临某某(新人名)谨邀年月日#嫁女先生：小女八月十日于归，荷蒙厚仪，谨订于

47、是日下午五时淡酌候教鞠躬席设聚宝酒楼餐厅恕不介催#Mr.AndMrs.JohnSmithrequestthehonorofyourpresenceatthemarriageoftheirdaughterElizabethSmithtoMr.JohnFrederickHamiltonSaturday,thetwenty-ninthofSeptemberatfouroclockp.m.ChurchofHeavenlyRestNewYork#布朗先生及夫人：兹定于九月二十九日（星期六）下午四时在纽约天安教堂为小女伊丽莎白史密斯与约翰弗雷德里克汉密尔顿先生举行婚礼。届时恭请 光临。约翰史密斯夫妇谨订。

48、#两点不同：第一，英文请柬从头至尾都采用第三人称，译成中文时，一般应改用第一人称，如：“themarriageoftheirdaughter”译成“为小女”；第二，英文请柬中星期应写在日期之前，译成汉语时，星期应写在日期后面的括号内。有时请柬下角有一些备注，提醒被邀请人应注意的事项，如：R.S.V.P.：法语缩写，即“Pleasereply”，“请复函”;Forregretsonly：“若不能来请告知”（regrets意为“谢绝邀请的短柬”）；Dresscode：着装要求。#Practice清华校长Gu Binglin代表校方邀请（Mr.GaryHopkin）参加中央乐团（StateOrche

49、stra）演出的音乐会，时间是9.28，星期二晚七点，地点是人民大会堂（theGreatHall）。President Gu Binglin Tsinghua University requests the pleasure of the company of Mr.Gary Hopkin At a State Orchestra on Tuesday,Sept.28,2008,at 7:00 p.m.in the Great Hall R.S.V.P.Tel:6278001 Sept.20,2008 Dress:optional#第八题Week13Notice#1.Whatisanotice

50、?Anoticeisasheetofpapergivingwrittenorprintedinformation,usuallyputinapublicplace.通知是上级读对下级；一单位告知其他单位或个人某种信息而使用的一种应用文。#ThreeCategoriesofNoticesnotificationsandwarningsbriefnoticesdetailednoticesNoticesaremainlyclassifiedintothreecategories:aboutcertaineventsinformalterms,withprecisestructureandconci