职称的英语必备1.pdf

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1、职 称 英 语 教 材 新 增 文 章 下 载 阅 读 理 解 新 增 文 章（共 3篇）第 八 篇 The State of Marriage TodayIs there something seriously wrong with marriage today?During the past 50 years,the rateof divorce in the United States has exploded：almost 50%of marriages encl in divorce now,and theevidence suggests it is going to get wo

2、rse.If this trend continues,it will lead to the breakupof the family,according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association.Some futuristspredict that in 100 years,the average American will marry at least four times,and extramaritalaffairs will be even more common than they are now.But what

3、 are the reasons for this,and is the picture really so g1oomy?The answer to thefirst question is really quite simple：marriage is no longer the necessity it once was.Theinstitution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need.Women used to beeconomically dependent on their husbands as

4、 they usually didn,t have jobs outside the home.Butwith the rising number of women in wel 1-paying jobs,this is no longer the case,so they don tfeel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.In answer to the second question,the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems.Whilethe rate of divorc

5、e has risen,the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much,so marriage is still quite popular.In addition to this,many couples now cohabit and don,t botherto marry.These couples are effectively married,but they do not appear in either the marriageor divorce statistics.In fact,more

6、than 50%of first marriages survive.The statistics aredeceptive because there is a higher number of divorces in second and third marriages than in firstmarriages.So is marriage really an outdated institution?The fact that most people still get marriedindicates that it isn*t.And it is also true that m

7、arried couples have a heal thier 1 ife than singlepeople：they suffer less from stress and its consequences,such as heart problems,and marriedmen genera 1 y consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts.Perhaps the keyis to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to

8、 all of our relationships!词 汇：divorce n.离 婚 cohabit v.同 居 evidence n.证 据，迹 象 effectively ad.实 际 上 futurist n.未 来 主 义 者 statistics n.统 计，统 计 资 料explode v.激 增，迅 速 扩 大 deceptive adj.迷 惑 的，骗 人 的 predict v.预 言，预 料，预 报 outdated adj.旧 式 的，过 时 的 extramarital adj.婚 外 的 indicate v.表 明,暗 示 gloomy adj.阴 暗 的；令 人

9、 沮 丧 的 consequence n.结 果，后 果 institution n.制 度,习 俗 contented adj.满 足 的，满 意 的 outlook n.展 望，前 景 counterpart n.对 应 的 人(或 物)pessimistic adj.悲 观 的 注 释：National Family Association：美 国 国 家 家 庭 联 合 会 练 习：1.Which is true about the problem of marriage in the United States today?A)Divorce leads to the breakup

10、 of the family.B)Half of the married couples get divorced.C)American people marry more than four times.D)More and more people are getting divorced.2.What does“this is no longer the case”in paragraph two mean?A)It is not necessary to get married any more.B)Women do not need a husband any longer.C)Wom

11、en are not economically dependant any more.D)Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now.3.Why may the outlook of marriage not be as gloomy as it appears?A)Many people sti11 like to get married.B)The rate of divorce has actually decreased.C)Over 50%of the marriages continue to exist.D)The statis

12、tics of divorce is not quite true.4.How do people usually feel in their marriage 1ife?A)They are much healthier.B)They feel no longer single.C)They are more satisfied.D)They suffer a lot less.5.Which of the following about marriage is NOT mentioned in the passage?A)There wi11 be more relationships o

13、utside marriage.B)Many people try to get married again after divorce.C)Marriage has long been partly an economical need.D)It is a fact that most people choose to get married.答 案 与 题 解：1.D 从 第 段 里 可 以 了 解 到 选 项 A 与 C 都 是 预 计 将 来 会 发 生 的，而 不 是 如 今 的 情 况。B 选 项 与 第 段 第 二 句 almost 50%of the marriages end

14、 in divorce”不 符。第,段 第 二 句 里 的 therate of divorce in the United States has explodedw“the evidence suggests it is going to getworsew话 语 正 好 说 明 了 D 选 项 的 情 况。2.C 第 二 段 第 四 句、第 五 句 说 得 很 清 楚，妇 女 们 如 今 在 外 工 作 在 经 济 上 不 再 依 赖 她 们 的 丈 夫，因 此 觉 得 无 需 维 持 行 将 失 败 的 婚 姻。3.A 从 第 二 段 里 可 以 了 解 到 高 婚 率 并 没 有 下

15、降 而 是 上 升 了，因 此 B 选 项 不 对。而 C 选 项 与 第 三 段 里“Infact,more than 50%of first marriages survive”所 说 不 符，该 选 项 没 有 提 到 是 第,次 婚 姻。同 样，D选 项 在 文 中 也 没 有 说 到，文 中 第 三 段 的 坡 后 一 句 只 是 说 统 计 数 据 具 有 欺 骗 性，而 没 有 说 数 据 失 实。4.C 文 中 第 四 段 第 三 句 的 后 半 句 说 得 很 清 楚，结 了 婚 的 人 比 单 身 的 人 更 满 足。A,D 选 项 提 到 的 是 实 际 情 况 而 不

16、是 婚 后 人 们 的 感 觉，因 此 不 对。文 中 并 没 有 提 到 选 项 B 所 说 的 情 况。5.B A 选 项 在 第 一 段 最 后 一 句 里 提 到 了，C 选 项 和 D 选 项 分 别 在 第 二 段、第 四 段 里 提 到 了，而 B 选 项 却 没 有 哪 一 段 具 体 提 到 第 三 十 八 篇 Excessive Demands on Young PeopleBeing able to multitask is hailed by most people as a welcome s k ill,but not according toa recent st

17、udy which claims that young people between the ages of eight and eighteen of theso-called Generation Mlare spending a considerable amount of their time in fru itle ss effo rts asthey multitask.It argues that,in fact,these young people are fritte rin g away as much as halfof th eir time again as they

18、 would if they performed the very same tasks one afte r the other.Som e young people are juggling an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study.At the same time that they are working,young adults are also surfing on the Internet,or sendingout emai 1 s to their friends,and/or answering th

19、e telephone and 1 istening to music on th eir iPods2or on another computer.As some new device comes along i t too is added to the lis t rather thanreplacing one of the existing devices.Other research has indicated that th is multitasking is even affecting the w ay familiesthemselves function as youn

20、g peop 1 e are too wrapped up3 in th eir ow n isolated worlds to interactwith the other people around them.They can no longer greet family members when they enter thehouse nor can they eat at the family table.All this electronic wizardry is supposedly also seriously affecting young peoplet sperforma

21、nce at university and in the workplace.W hen asked about their perception of the impactof modern gadgets on their performance of tasks,the overwhelming majority of young people gavea favour able response.The response from the academic and business wor 1 ds was not quite as positive.The former feelth

22、at multitasking with electronic gadgets by children affects la te r development of study sk ills,resulting in a deci ine in the quality of writing,for example,because of the lack of concentrationon task completion.They feel that many undergraduates now urgently need remedial help with studyski 11 s.

23、Similarly,employers feel that young peop 1 e entering the workforce need to be taught al 1over again,as they have become deskilled.While a ll this m ay be true,i t must be borne in mind4 that more and more is expected of youngpeople nowadays;in fact,too much.Praise rather than criticism is due in re

24、spect of5 the waytoday s youth are able to cope despite what the older generation throw at them.词 汇：excessive a d j.过 多 的,额 夕 卜 interact v i.交 流,沟 通，互 动 multitask v i.同 时 进 行 多 个 任 务 wizardry n.魔 力，法 术 supposedly adv.据 认 为，据 推 测 hail v t,赞 扬 performance n.表 现，行 为 claim v t.声 称,主 张 perception n.认 识,看

25、 法，见 解 considerable a d j.相 当 大 的,相 当 多 的 impact n.影 响,作 用gadget n.小 巧 的 机 械 装 置 fritter vt.消 耗，浪 费 overwhelming adj.压 倒 性 的 juggle vt.耍 弄，玩 耍 majority n.大 多 数 electronic device n.电 子 装 置，电 子 仪 器 academic adj学 术 的，学 校 的 deci ine n.下 降，衰 退 surf vi.(网 上)冲 浪，漫 游，浏 览 concentration n.专 心，专 注 indicate vt.

26、表 明,指 出 remedial adj.补 习 的，补 救 的 affect vt.影 响 deski 1 led adj.逐 渐 失 去 技 能 的 isolated adj.孤 立 的，与 世 隔 绝 的 due adj.应 有 的，适 当 的 注 释：1.Generation M：M 代 表 multimedia。Generation M 即“多 媒 体 时 代”，是 指 伴 随 着 计 算 机 和 因 特 网 的 普 及 而 成 长 起 来 的 一 代 年 轻 人。他 们 多 出 生 于 1980年 之 后，热 衷 于 计 算 机、因 特 网、视 频 游 戏、智 能 手 机。这 些

27、新 媒 体 和 传 统 媒 体 如 电 视、印 刷 品、音 响 制 品 结 合 起 来，使 得 他 们 的 世 界 异 常 丰 富 多 彩。“多 媒 体 时 代”的 另 一 特 征 就 是 可 以 multitask,即 多 项 任 务 同 时 进 行，如 他 们 可 以 一 边 上 网 冲 浪、一 边 听 着 音 乐、边 看 着 电 视 里 的 MTV、一 边 和 朋 友 短 信 聊 天、同 时 还 做 着 自 己 的 家 庭 作 业,2.iPod：美 国 苹 果 公 司 的 一 款 音 乐 播 放 器，除 了 可 以 播 放 MP3音 乐 外，iPod还 可 以 作 为 高 速 移 动 硬

28、 盘 使 用，可 以 显 示 联 系 人、日 历 和 任 务，以 及 阅 读 电 子 书 和 聆 听 有 声 电 子 书 以 及 播 客(Podcasts)。3.be wrapped up in注 意 力 完 全 集 中 于.4.bear in mind 记 住 5.in respect of关 于，就.而 言 练 习：1.According to a recent study,what is probably true about the multitasking Generation M?A)They are highly commended for being so effective

29、and efficient.B)They waste more time than they should save,contrary to common assumptions.C)They should prioritize and focus on the most important tasks on hand.D)They need to improve their organizational skills so as to complete all their tasks.2.With the advent of new gadgets,what will happen to G

30、eneration M s present e-devices?A)They make way for the latest and greatest and are retired by the young people.B)They are put away temporarily but stay in rotation for their owners to choose from.C)They become part of the ever increasing collection of novelties.D)They are either sold or traded so t

31、hat their owners can update their toys and hobbies.3.How will multitasking affect Generation M adversely?A)It makes them feel lonely and pitiful.B)It makes them aloof and elusive to family and friends.C)It makes them selfish and possessive.D)It makes them impolite and ungrateful.4.What is the bigges

32、t problem for multitasking undergraduates in universities?A)They should adjust their academic attitudes seriously.B)They should seek psychological professionals for assistance.C)They should take some crash courses to catch up with their classmates.D)They should try harder to focus on one task before

33、 moving on to the next.5.In dealing with today s youth,what approach should parents take?A)Be supportive and understanding.B)Be realistic and lower their expectationsC)Be encouraging and let their chiIdren stick to their old habits.D)Be patient and hope everything will work out just fine eventually.

34、答 案 与 题 解：1.B 从 第 段 第 一 句 话 中 的 a considerable amount of their time fruitless efforts以 及 该 段 最 后 一 句 话 中 的 frittering away as much as”可 以 进 行 同 义 替 换，waste就 是 fruitless和 fritter的 同 义 词。2.C从 第 二 段 的 最 后 一 句 话 中 的 added to the l is t rather than replacing”可 以 判 断 出,这 些 年 轻 人 的 电 子 设 备 是 越 来 越 多，而 不 是

35、A被 取 而 代 之、B被 轮 流 使 用、D被 出 售 或 交 换 以 便 买 更 新 的 产 品。3.B 答 案 A是 文 字 游 戏，原 文 中“isolated w orlds应 该 理 解 为 孤 立 的 世 界，即 独 自 alone”,而 不 是 孤 独 lo n e ly。答 案 C说 他 们 变 得 自 私 和 占 有 欲 强，想 买 更 多 电 子 产 品，显 然 不 对。答 案 D说 他 们 变 得 不 懂 礼 貌 和 不 知 感 恩，均 是 对 第 三 段 最 后 一 句 话 中 的“no longer greetw和“nor can they eat at thefa

36、mily tab le”的 字 面 理 解。答 案 B是 两 个 近 义 词，重 点 在 性 格 变 化 上，变 得“若 即 若 离，难 以 捉 摸”。4.D 答 案 A认 为 是 态 度 问 题，把 客 观 问 题 主 观 化 答 案 B是 误 导 选 项，试 图 用“remedial help”误 导 大 家 联 想 到 remedy 1可，故 引 出 psychological professional的 曲 解。答 案 C把 第 7i.段 第 一 句 中 的 a laterdevelopmentw 和“decline in the quality o f.”表 象 化,认 为 应 该

37、抓 紧 赶 上 同 学(catch up)o 答 案 D才 是 正 确 答 案，问 题 症 结 在 于 m ultitasking难 以 让 人 集 中 注 意 力，造 成 浪 费 时 间、影 响 表 现 等 后 果，这 些 前 文 均 已 提 过。5.A答 案 A把 p ra ise替 换 成 了 相 对 隐 性 的 近 义 词。答 案 B只 针 对 最 后 一 段 的 第 一 句 话，断 章 取 义。答 案 C前 半 部 分 encouraging还 算 接 近 正 确 答 案，后 半 部 分 则 成 了 鼓 励“将 错 就 错。答 案 D认 为 应 采 取“听 之 任 之，顺 其 自 然

38、”的 态 度 转 第 四 十 七 篇 Spoilt for ChoiceChoice,w e are given tol believe,is a right.In daily life,people have come to expect endlesssituations about which they are required to make decisions one way or another.In the main2,theseare just irksome moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpowe

39、r,or during lunchbreaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to.Butsometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong repercussions.M ore complex decision-making is then either avoided,postponed,or put into the hands of the army

40、of professionals,life sty le coaches,lawyers,advisors,and the like,waiting to 1ighten theemotional burden for a fee2.But for a good many4 people in the world,in rich and poor countries,choice is a luxury,not a right.A nd for those w ho think they are exercising their right to makechoices,the whole s

41、ystem is merely an illusion,created by companies and advertisers wantingto sell th eir wares5.The main impact of endless choice in peopleJ s lives is anxiety.Buying something as basicas a coffee pot is not exactly simple.Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces asense of powerlessness,e

42、ven paralysis,in many people,ending in the shopper giving up and walkingaway6,or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problemand reduce the unease.Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportionof electrical goods bought per househ

43、old are not really needed.The advertisers and theshareholders of the manufacturers are,nonetheless,satisfied.It is not just their availability that is the problem,but the speed with which new versionsof products come on the market.Advances in design and production mean that new items are almostready

44、 by the time that goods hit the shelves?.Products also need to have a short lifespan so thatthe public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time.The classic example is computers,which are almost obsolete once they are bought.At first,there were only one or two availablefrom a limited numb

45、er of manufacturers,but now there are many companies all with not only theirown products but different versions of the same machine.This makes selection a problem.Goneare the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing8：no choice,noanxiety.The plethora of choice is not 1 im

46、ited to consumer items.With the greater mobi 1 ity of peoplearound the world,people have more choice about where they want to live and work-a fairly recentphenomenon.In the past,nations migrated across huge swathes of the earth in search of food,adventure,and more hospitable environments.Whole natio

47、ns crossed continents and changed theface of history.So the mobility of people is nothing new.The creation of nation states andborders9 effectively slowed this process down.But what is different now is the speed at whichmigration is happening.词 汇：spoil vt.使 某 人 扫 兴 unease n.焦 虑，不 安 irksome adj.令 人 心

48、 烦 的 sizeable adj.相 当 大 的,颇 大 的 brainpower n.智 能 proportion n.部 分，比 例 option n.选 择 shareholder n.股 东 repercussions n.（常 指 意 料 之 外 的）影 响，后 果 manufacturer n.制 造 商,厂 家 complex adj.复 杂 的 nonetheless adv.然 而，不 过 postpone vt.&vi.延 迟，延 缓 aval labi 1 ity n.可 获 得 性,可 使 用 性 professional n.专 业 人 士 adj内 行 的 ver

49、sion n.版 本 coach n.教 练 员，指 导 obsolete adj.过 时 的，被 淘 汰 的 luxury n.难 得 的 享 受 plethora n.过 多，过 剩 illusion n.幻 觉,想 象 phenomenon n.现 象 ware n.商 品，货 物 migrate vi.迁 徙jmpact n.影 响 swathe n.大 片 土 地 anxiety n.焦 虑，不 安 hospitable有 利 的,适 宜 的 consumer n.消 费 者 skip v.跳 过 induce vt.引 起，导 致 obese adj.肥 胖 的 paralysi

50、s n.麻 痹 metabol ic adi.新 陈 代 谢 的 unsuitable adj.不 恰 当 的,不 适 适 宜 的 psychiatric adj.精 神 病 的 abnormal adj.异 常 的 注 释：1.be given to：倾 向 于 2.in the main：大 体 上,基 本 I:3.More complex decision-making is then either avoided,postponed,or put into the hands ofthe army of professionals,lifestyle coaches,lawyers,a