高考短文改错解题技巧课件.ppt

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1、短文改错短文改错解题攻略解题攻略开州区陈家中学开州区陈家中学Mr.YuMr.Yu短文改错短文改错短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：修改：在错的词下划一横线划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。短文改错短文改错（20142014年全国年全国卷）

2、卷）My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m.and ends at 3:30 p.m.They are three lesson in the morning ThereThereand two in the afternoon.We didnt need to do so dont dont many homework.Therefore,we have more muchmuchtime with after-school activities.For example,we forforcan do reading for one and a half hou

3、r and play sport for one hour every day.hours hours短文改错短文改错My dream school look like a big garden.There are lookslooksall kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom,buildings.We can lie on the grass for a rest,sat by the lake listening music.sit sit to to The teachers here are kind and help

4、fully.helpfulhelpful They are not only our teachers but also our friends.短文改错短文改错一、短文改错常见考点设置：一、短文改错常见考点设置：1.1.考点设置之名词考点设置之名词 命题特点命题特点:本来用复数本来用复数,却用单数却用单数.改正方法改正方法 :(1):(1)根根据名词前的修饰限定成份据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2);(2)根据上下文的逻辑关根据上下文的逻辑关系系.1）.She said that she and my schoolmatesschoolmates all wished me success.2）

5、.After class we become strangersstrangers at once.3）.They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get marks in all my subjects.短文改错短文改错4）.On the way up I was busy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful.5）.There are advantages for students to work while studying at school.

6、6）.He had no idea that the kitchen was not for guests.7）.I looked at his other hand.短文改错短文改错考点设置之代词考点设置之代词 命题特点：命题特点：1.女性代词指代男性或相反；2.单数指代复数；3.代词词性误用。改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系。代词的错误特点：代词的错误特点：1.人称代词的偷换错误 2.缺少人称代词的错误 3.人称代词数的一致问题 4.人称代词格的一致问题短文改错短文改错1).The Smiths did their best to make me feel at

7、 home2)It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain.The three of us were very excited.3)Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.短文改错短文改错 4)One day I wrote a little story and showed it to my teacher.5)Some students may al

8、so save up for their college or future use.短文改错短文改错 3.3.考点设置之介词考点设置之介词 命题特点及改正方法：命题特点及改正方法：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法；2）习惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如talk,serve,wait等。介词短语常常考，固定搭配要记牢,介词后边跟宾语,结合语境细推敲。短文改错短文改错1)We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.2)I was so tired that I fell asleep at the m

9、oment my head touched the pillow.3)The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.短文改错短文改错4)Well talk about our plan for the weekend over dinner.5)I am writing to thank you for your kind help.6)He was looking for a glass in the cupboard.7)Each o

10、f these lines stands for a trouble in my life.短文改错短文改错 考点设置之时态考点设置之时态 命题特点及改正方法：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。短文改错短文改错1)They 1)They do do not want me to do any work at not want me to do any work at home;they want me to devote all my time home;th

11、ey want me to devote all my time to my studies.to my studies.2)The time 2)The time passedpassed quickly.Evening came.quickly.Evening came.3)She liked it very much and 3)She liked it very much and readread it to the it to the class.class.短文改错短文改错4)I dont know that they dont like to talk 4)I dont know

12、 that they dont like to talk with me Sometimes,we with me Sometimes,we talk talk to each other to each other very well in class.very well in class.5)I will write again and send you the 5)I will write again and send you the photos we photos we took took together.together.6)We had guests last night wh

13、o 6)We had guests last night who hadhad not not stayed in a B&B hotel ago.stayed in a B&B hotel ago.短文改错短文改错 连词连词and,but,or,soand,but,or,so误用及前后不一致误用及前后不一致命题特点：主要考查命题特点：主要考查andand、oror、butbut、soso等并等并列连词的误用。关于连词，一般考查从句关列连词的误用。关于连词，一般考查从句关系系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/whywho/whom/whose/what/which/h

14、ow/why/when/where/if/whether/when/where/if/whether等。等。改正方法；改正方法；1 1）根据句意确定误；）根据句意确定误；2 2）根据）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。句子的逻辑关系确定错误。短文改错短文改错1)She is smiling at me 1)She is smiling at me andand nodding at me.nodding at me.2)It looks as if my parents treat me as a 2)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor v

15、isitor oror a guest.a guest.3)The food was expensive 3)The food was expensive butbut the service the service was good.was good.4)I came into the living room and saw one 4)I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door of them just go through the kitchen door andand

16、turn on the light.turn on the light.短文改错短文改错5)We fed monkeys,5)We fed monkeys,visitedvisited temples and told temples and told stories.stories.6)She liked it very much and 6)She liked it very much and read read it to the it to the class.class.7 I have a good friend 7 I have a good friend whosewhose

17、name is Liu name is Liu MeiMei.8)I teach them,play with them,8)I teach them,play with them,and and watch watch them growing up.them growing up.9)Clever as she is,9)Clever as she is,_ _ she works very hard.she works very hard.短文改错短文改错 考点设置之从句连词考点设置之从句连词 命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和

18、复合句的关联词等。解主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：答这类题从以下方面来思考：1 1）句子结构）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2 2）复合句中边）复合句中边接方句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否接方句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。得当等。短文改错短文改错1)It was about noon 1)It was about noon when when we arrived at the foot of we arrived at the foot of the mountain.the mountain.2)I dont kn

19、ow 2)I dont know why why they dont like to talk with me.they dont like to talk with me.3)The main problem was 3)The main problem was _ _ that I always thought that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.English.4)E

20、arning their own money allows them to spend 4)Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as on anything as _ they please.they please.5)They did not want breakfast because 5)They did not want breakfast because _ _ they they were going out early in the morning.were going out early in the

21、 morning.短文改错短文改错 考点设置之冠词考点设置之冠词 命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1 1）不定冠词）不定冠词a a和和anan互改；互改；2 2）不定冠词）不定冠词a a或或anan和定冠词和定冠词thethe互改；互改；3 3）根据需要增删冠词。）根据需要增删冠词。短文改错短文改错1)As everyone knows,its 1)As everyone knows,its a a famous famous mountain with all kinds of plants an

22、d mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.animals.2)We may be one family and live under 2)We may be one family and live under thethe same roof.same roof.3)On Thursday I will have to decide what I 3)On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over want to do over thethe weekend.weekend.

23、4)I hope youve had 4)I hope youve had a a pleasant journey pleasant journey homehome短文改错短文改错 考点设置之形容词和副词考点设置之形容词和副词 命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1 1）根据根据adj.adj.或或adv.adv.的基本用法确定错误；的基本用法确定错误；2 2）修）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3 3）修饰行为）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。

24、动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。短文改错短文改错1)I would describe myself as shy 1)I would describe myself as shy and and quietquiet.2)There have been reports in 2)There have been reports in America about people trying to America about people trying to steal psteal personal ersonal information for bad information for b

25、ad purposes.purposes.3)Finding information on the Net 3)Finding information on the Net is is easyeasy.短文改错短文改错4)So what I learned from the job 4)So what I learned from the job was much more important was much more important than than what I earned.what I earned.5)My pronunciation was 5)My pronunciat

26、ion was terrible terrible.6)They came back 6)They came back latelate and had and had some tea.some tea.短文改错短文改错 考点设置之非谓语动词考点设置之非谓语动词 命题特点改正方法：命题特点改正方法：1 1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2 2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3 3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等）现在分词和过去分词的错用等 短文改错短文改错1)Earning their own money 1)Earning their own

27、 money allowsallows them to them to spend on anything as they please.spend on anything as they please.2)My parents will do all they can 2)My parents will do all they can toto make make sure that I get a good education.sure that I get a good education.3)Soon I began to enjoy 3)Soon I began to enjoy t

28、alkingtalking to myself to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.in simple English.短文改错短文改错4)We fed monkeys,4)We fed monkeys,visitedvisited temples and told temples and told stories.stories.5)Some students may also 5)Some s

29、tudents may also _ _ save up for save up for our college or future use.our college or future use.短文改错短文改错 短文改错口诀短文改错口诀 动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法要记住；细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连词常光顾词常光顾.短文改错短文改错 短文改错口诀短文改错口诀 动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法

30、要记住；细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连词常光顾词常光顾.短文改错短文改错 短文改错口诀短文改错口诀 动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法要记住；细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连词常光顾词常光顾.短文改错短文改错 （一）动词形：（一）动词形：主要包括两类错误：动词的时态主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。动词形常和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。动词形常见错误：见错误：一

31、般过去时与一般一般过去时与一般 现在时错用。现在时错用。2 2）第三人称单数形式错用。）第三人称单数形式错用。3 3）and and 前后动词时态不一致。前后动词时态不一致。(and(and具有对称性）具有对称性）4 4）主谓不一致。主谓不一致。5 5）缺少谓语动词（尤其缺缺少谓语动词（尤其缺bebe动词）动词）6 6）主动语态与被动语态错用主动语态与被动语态错用 7 7）Used to Used to 的运用错误的运用错误 短文改错短文改错（二）名词数：（二）名词数：指名词单、复数形指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。改正方法：单数。

32、改正方法：根据名词前的修饰限定成份根据名词前的修饰限定成份）根据上下文的逻辑关系）根据上下文的逻辑关系 短文改错短文改错（三）还要注意形和副：（三）还要注意形和副：注意注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。命题特这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。根据误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。根据adjadj或或advadv的基本用法确定错误；修饰连系动的基本用法确定错误；修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；修饰行为动词、形容词或名词用形容词

33、；修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。短文改错短文改错（四）非谓语，细辨别：（四）非谓语，细辨别：这是这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。1 1）不定式）不定式 2)2)动名词作主语、宾语动名词作主语、宾语 3 3）and and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时）（尤其距离较远时）4 4）现在分词和过去分词的区别等）现在分词和过去分词的区别等 短文改错短文改错（五）习惯用法要记住：（五）习惯用法要记住：主

34、要主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。误。（六）句子成分多分析：（六）句子成分多分析：不不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。错误。短文改错短文改错（七）逻辑错误须关注：（七）逻辑错误须关注：与句子的与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的

35、张冠李戴。性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴。（八）冠词连词常光顾：（八）冠词连词常光顾：常考的错常考的错误形式有：连词误形式有：连词butbut，andand，oror和和soso的用法的用法错误，以及冠词的用法错误错误，以及冠词的用法错误 短文改错短文改错 短文改错小结短文改错小结 做短文改错应采取做短文改错应采取 六个步骤六个步骤 和四不改和四不改 短文改错短文改错六个步骤：六个步骤：通读短文，整体把握短文大意。通读短文，整体把握短文大意。（2 2）细读全文，逐句分析，把握结构，）细读全文，逐句分析，把握结构，逐一作答。逐一作答。（3 3）粗略分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否）粗略分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否有问题。有问题。（4 4）逐行修改，先易后难。）逐行修改，先易后难。（5 5）复读全文，验证答案。）复读全文，验证答案。（6 6）要注意答题是否合乎规范。）要注意答题是否合乎规范。短文改错短文改错四不改四不改:标点符号不改。标点符号不改。大小写不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改（不是不改，而是按错词词序错误不改（不是不改，而是按错词或少词来改或少词来改)。在纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释在纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错的词，在句中不可能用错.