高三复习定语从句课件.pptx

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1、Welcome to my Welcome to my class!class!by Happy定语从句欣赏定语从句一般定语与定语从句的比较 This is a girl.This is a fashionable girl.This is a girl who is as fashionable as Lady Gaga.体会定语从句魅力 Beauty is the drop of rain that keeps the human spirit from death by drought.Beauty is a silent refreshment that we perhaps do n

2、ot think about but which goes on all the time.Beauty is the smile on the earths face,which is open to all and needs the eyes to see,mood to understand.美如雨露般滋润着我们干涸的心田。美悄然而来，在我们不经意间荡涤 尘寰，延绵不断。美是大地的笑容，人人得以享受，只要我们用眼去捕捉，用心去感受。定语从句的要点1.定语从句的含义2.定语从句的组成（结构）3.定语从句中的“先行词”&“关系词”知识梳理 什么是定语从句？在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语从

3、句。定语从句的结构：先行词（多为名词或代词）+关系词+从句（陈述语序）eg.He has a car.The car has 7 seats.-He has a car which has 7 seats.定语从句先行词关系词+解题技巧：两大关键-先行词&关系 词先行词：定语从句所修饰主句中的名词、代词。它往往置于关系词前。关系词：指代先行词，放于先行词与定语从句之间，起连接作用。He has a car which has 7 seats.This is the film which is well-known to us.This is the film whose name is Tit

4、anic.The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Rose.Here are two pictures that are taken from the film.Jack and Rose are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film.This is the film which is well-known to us.This is the film whose name is Titanic.The man

5、and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Rose.Here are two pictures that are taken from the film.Jack and Rose are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film.the Attributive ClauseThis is the film which is well-known to us.This is the film whose name is Titanic

6、.The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Rose.Here are two pictures that are taken from the film.Jack and Rose are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film.先行词&关系词which指物，作主语that指物，作主语whose指所有关系，作定语whom指人，作宾语who指人，作主语解题技巧 据先行词，定关系词先行词 关系词人 物 人和物 事 wh

7、ich,that,whose which,as who,whom,that,whose that举例说明先行词 关系词人 who,whom,that,whose物 which,that人和物 that事 which,as1.I have no idea about the man_ wrote the article.2.He is the man_ I saw yesterday.3.Please pass me the book _ cover is green.4.She said she had found her work,_ I doubt very much.who/thatwh

8、o/that/whomwhichwhose非限制性定语从句 据先行词，定关系词解题技巧先行词 关系词 在从句中的成分人 who 人 whom物或事 which人或物 that人或物 whose人、物、事 as 据先行词，定关系词主语、宾语、表语宾语主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语定语主语、宾语、表语1.This is the college _ I visited.2.This is the college _ he studied 2 years ago.关系代词which/thatin which/where解题技巧所修饰的先行词 关系词 在从句中的成分人 who 人 whom物或事 wh

9、ich人或物 that人或物 whose人、物、事 as时间名词 地点名词 原因名词 地点状语时间状语定语宾语主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语原因状语关系代词关系副词 据先行词，定关系词when where why介词+which及时演练 1.1).This is the village _ I was born.2).This is the village _ I visited last year.3).I still remember the days_ we spent together.4).I still remember the days_ we

10、had a good time together.A.which/that B.when C.where D.whatCAAB2.The person _ you should write to is Mr.Ball.3.A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word.4.The woman _ secret was discovered kept her job in the company.5.I will never forget the people and the places _ I have ever visited.

11、6.This is the very person _ I need.7.He lost my bike,_ made me unhappy.who/whom/that that/whichwhose thatthatwhich 据先行词，定关系词解题技巧第一步 据先行词，定关系词第二步 考虑特殊情况1）非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句2）as 在定语从句中的使用情况3）只能用that,不能用which的情况4）只能用which，不能用that的情况5）定语从句中得主谓一致6)“介词+关系代词”的用法7）定语从句的相关转化(写作)特殊情况1）非限制性定语从句 VS 限制性定语从句 结构不同 功

12、能不同；翻译成汉语时也不同 先行词不同；关系词也有所区别限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰、限制；非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充、说明。eg.His daughter who is in Boston now is coming home tomorrow.His daughter,who is in Boston now,is coming home tomorrow.他住在波士顿的女儿明天回家。他女儿现在波士顿，明天回家。（对先行词进行修饰、限制，不可省略。）（对先行词进行补充、说明，可省略。）限制性定语从句的先行词一般为名词、代词；而非限制性定语从句的先行词不单可以是名词和代词，而且可以是

13、整个句子。因此，它们相应的关系词也有所区别。a.that 不可用在非限制定语从句中；b.如先行词是整个句子，用which,或as 连接2）as 在定语从句中的使用情况as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same as,such as结构中。e.g.I want the same shirt as my friend has.我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。e.g.Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。固

14、定的用法：as we know/as is known to all,as we can see,as is often the case,.特殊情况3）只能用that,不能用which的情况 口诀记忆the only,the very,the same,既指人又指物，高级，不定(any,some,no,little,few.)和序词a.Do not tell me any words _ have nothing to do with me.b.This is the very room _ I slept in that evening.c.Jack took photos of the

15、things and people_ he was interested in.d.Edison built up a factory which produced things _ had never been seen before.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which 时特殊情况thatthat thatthat4）只能用which，不能用that的情况 a.关系代词前有介词且指物 b.先行词本身就是that；或两个定语从句中一个关系代词已用that c.引导非限制性定语从句时The pen with which you are writing is mine.What is

16、that which is on the ground?In 1998,he was chosen as a member of Project 921,_ is now called Shenzhou.特殊情况Edison built up a factory that produced things which had never been seen before.which3）只能用that,不能用which的情况 4）只能用which，不能用that的情况 口诀记忆which 与that 的不同that,which 引定从一般情况可换用。that 情况真不少，不妨对你表一表。不定代词这

17、类词，全用that 准没错。先行词被修饰，千万不能用which。which 用法要牢记，介词提前、逗隔离。that 充当先行词，避免重复用which。a.What is that _ is on the ground.b.The town is not the very one _ it used to be.c.Ann passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.特殊情况whichwhichthat5）定语从句中得主谓一致特殊情况e.g.I am the student who was awarded.I am on

18、e of the students who were awarded.定语从句中谓语动词的单复数要与先行词一致。I am the only one of the students who _ awarded.注意点：“one of+复数可数名词”充当先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；“the only/very/right one of+复数可数名词”充当先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。was特殊情况6）“介词+关系代词”的用法有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代 词之前，构成“介词+关系代词”结构，该结构中的关系代词可用which,whose,whom,不可以用that 和who

19、。该结构中的介词可以根据定语从句中谓语的搭配、与先行词的搭配或者句子意义来确定。根据定语从句中的动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。e.g.Yesterday we visited the West Lake _ _ Hangzhou is famous.根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。e.g.We went through a period _ _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.根据所表达的意思来确定 e.g.The naughty boy made a hole in the wall _ _ he coul

20、d see what is happening outside.for whichin whichthrough which特殊情况6）“介词+关系代词”的用法有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代 词之前，构成“介词+关系代词”结构，该结构中的关系代词可用which,whose,whom,不可以用that 和who。该结构中的介词可以根据定语从句中谓语的搭配、与先行词的搭配或者句子意义来确定。重点提醒 有些“动词+介词”的短语。例如look for,look after,call on 等不可拆分，所以不可把介词置于关系代 词之前。e.g.It is the book for which she

21、 was looking.which she was looking for.e.g.The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.whom the nurses are looking after7）定语从句的相关转化(写作)特殊情况 定语从句直接转化为-ing 或-ed 形式这种形式只需要去掉定语从句中的“who/which+is/was/are/were”即可。e.g.The girl(who is)dancing now just returned from Taiwan.I love the stories

22、(which were)written by Guo Jingming.将从句中谓语动词转化为-ing 形式e.g.Look at that house.That is my home which stands at the top of the mountain.Look at that house.That is my home _ at the top of the mountain.standing7）定语从句的相关转化(写作)特殊情况 有些非限制性定语从句可以转化为分词式的定语或状语e.g.Charles,who was a brave man,returned to France.

23、_ a brave man,Charles returned to France.e.g.Ann,who had folded the letter,put it carefully in her pocket._ the letter,Ann put it carefully in her pocket.BeingHaving folded巩固练习11.I like the house_ windows face south.A.whose B.whos C.its D.its2.The young woman_ I spoke just now is a young doctor.A.wh

24、o B.to whom C.whom D.that 3.I will never forget the day_ we studied together.A.at which B.on that C.at that D.on which 4.He is doing such work _I am.A.as B.which C.who D.what 5.That is the writer _ a lot of books were written.A.by whom B.who C.whose D.whom 6.It is one of the best books_.A.that have

25、ever been written B.that has ever been written C.which have been written D.which has been written 巩固练习21.His movie won several awards at the film festival,_ was beyond his wildest dream.2.I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.3.The Science Muse

26、um,_ we visited during a recent trip to Britain is one of Londons tourist attractions.4.The visitor _ passport was stolen was on his way to the US.5.He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident.6._ is often the case with children,Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.7.

27、John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of _ are relatives.8.We all reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.9.He wrote many books,nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s.whichwhen/on whichwhichwhosewhere/in whichAswhom(that/which)which巩固练习3-改错1.One day

28、I saw a second-hand bicycle,that was only one hundred yuan.2.It is also a window which we can learn about American society.3.Happiness and success often come to those which are good at recognizing their strength.4.Finally he reached a lonely island where was completely cut off from the outside world

29、.5.Maria has written two novels,both of them have been made into TV series.6.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,which it will keep for two or three weeks.7.I wish to thank Professor Smith,without whom help I would never have got this far.直击高考：改写文段 I see many running creatures.The

30、y are made of metal and glass.Their feet are round.They have four eyes.Two of the four eyes are red.Inside I see soft shapes.They can move.I see many running creatures _ are made of metal and glass.Their feet are round and they have four eyes,two of _ are red.Inside I see soft shapes _ can move.whic

31、h/thatwhich/thatwhich直击高考：用定语从句增彩描述假期的打算，包括假期的旅游、兼职、志愿者等（用定语从句增加做这些事情的原因）1.I would like to do a part time job,(因为我不单可以赚钱，而且增加工作经验)_.2.Traveling is one of my choices,(因为它可以丰富我的生活，开阔我的视野)_.3.I would like to do voluntary work,(因为这样做对社会有贡献)_.which will help me earn money and accumulate working experienc

32、e.which will enrich my life and broaden my horizon.which will make a great contribution to the society.直击高考：用定语从句写作众所周知，英语作为一种国际语言，在交流中起着重要作用。作为一名高三学生，我们应抓住现在的学习机会努力学好它。只有这样，才能在高考中取得好成绩,我相信我们一定会有一个光明的未来。_,English,_ is an international language,plays an important part in communicating with foreigners

33、.As Senior Three students,we should seize this opportunity to learn it well,by _ we can get good grades in the College Entrance Exams and I hold the belief that we will get a promising future.As is konwn to all whichwhich深度思考写作中“定语从句”用得越多越好吗？高考英语作文评分标准第五档(很好)；1.完全完成了试题规定的任务。2.覆盖所有内容要点。3.应用了较多的语法结构和词

34、汇。4.语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。5.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。6.完全达到了预期的写作目的。建议：非谓语动词、名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句等的混搭。经典再次欣赏奥巴马首次当选美国总统就职演说第一段If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible,who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time,who still questions the power of our democracy,tonight is your answer.Thank you!