七年级地理上册复习要点(人教版).pdf

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1、七年级地理上册复习要点人教版）七年级上册地理复习要点（人教版）1.地球是一个不规则的球体。2.地球平均半径6371千米,最大周长约4万千米,表面积5.1一平方千米。3.北纬用M表示；南纬用夕表示；东经用表示；西经用亚表Z j O4.地轴：地球的自转轴,北 极：地轴北端与地球表面的交点,南极：地轴南端与地球表面的交点,纬 线：与地轴垂宜，并且环绕地球一周的圆圈,经 线：连接南北两极并且与纬线垂直相交的半圆。5.实际上，地球并不是真的有一根轴，地球表面也没有经纬网。6.赤道是最长的纬线,即0 纬线。7.通过英国伦敦格林尼治天文台旧址的经线为0 经线，也称主初子午线。8.西半球没有小于2 0 的地区

2、,东半球没有大于1 6 0 的地区。9.地球自转的方向是自西向东,周期为约24小时。10.地球公转的方向是自西向东,周期是约365天。1 L地球公转轨道平面与地轴的夹角是66.5。12.太阳直射的范围是南北回归线之间（北纬23.5至南纬23.5）o13.赤道把地球分为南北两个半球。14.西经2 0 利东经160组成的经线圈把地球分为东西两个半球。15.人们根据获得太阳光多少把地球分为五带。即北寒带、北温带、热带、南温带、南寒带。16.地图的基本要素是指向标、比例尺利图例。17.地图上把海洋中深度相同的点连接成线叫做等深线。18.常见的地形类型有平原、丘陵、山地、高原和盆地。19.等高线密集的地

3、方坡度陡,等高线稀疏的地方坡度缓。20.全球的七大洲是南极洲、亚洲、欧洲、非洲、南美洲、北美洲和大洋洲。最大的洲是亚洲,最小的洲是大洋洲,跨经度最大的洲是南极洲。21.地球上71%是海洋,29%是陆地。22.南北美洲的分界线是巴拿马运河,亚洲与非洲的分界线是务伊士运河。23.大陆与它周围的岛屿合称大洲,海是大洋的边缘部分。24.地球上所有的海洋分为北冰洋、印度洋、大西洋和太平洋。最大的洋是太平洋,最小的洋是北冰洋,跨越经度最广的大洋是北冰洋。25.地壳变动和海平面的升降，是造成海陆变迁的主要原因。26.板块构造学的六大板块是亚欧板块、太平洋板块、印度洋板块、非洲板块、美洲板块和南极洲板块。27

4、.板块内部的地壳较为稳定,板块交界地带地壳比较活跃。28.海拔增高100米，气温下降约0.6。29.空气质量的高低与空气中所含污染物的数量有关。30.气温和降水量是气候的重要组成因素。31.最高气温出现在午后2时左右,最低气温出现在日出前后。32.影响气候的自然因素有纬度因素、海陆因素和地形因素。33.北半球的气温大陆上7月最高,1月最低:海洋上8月最高,2月最低；南半球与北半球相反。34.世界人种主要有黄种人、白种人利黑种人。一:大人种分布的特点是既有大范围的集中分布，又有零星分布的区域。35.等温线密集的地方，温差大;等温线稀疏的地方，温差小。36.联合国的主要工作语言有汉语、英语、俄语、

5、阿拉伯语、法语、西班牙语。使用人数最多的是汉语,使用范围最广的是英语。37.联合国是最大的国际组织，总部在纽约。38.降雨、雪、冰雹等,统 称 降 水（降雨是降水的主要形式）。降雨等级分为：小雨、1t l雨、大雨、暴雨等不同等级。39.世界三大宗教是基督教、伊斯兰教和佛教。其起源地分别是西亚、阿拉伯半岛、古印度。40.乡村分为农村、牧村、渔村、林场等不同类型,分别从事班作、放牧、捕鱼、伐木等生产活动。41.一般来说，先有乡村后有城市。42.政治制度分为资本主义和社会主义两种。43.最大的国际组织:联合国44.最大的发展中国家：中国45.信徒最多、流传最广的宗教：基督教46.最小的大陆：澳大利亚

6、大陆47.最高的山峰：珠穆朗玛峰48.最小的洲：大洋洲49.最大的大陆：亚欧大陆50.最大的洲I：亚洲51.最大的岛屿：格陵兰岛 英语中考考纲基础知识练习（形容词和副词）2008.11.A 卷选择填空：1.Peter looked when he learned that he hadnt passed the finalexam.A,sadly B,sad C,happily D,happy2.Jack did badly at the school sports meeting.I did e v e n.A,worse B,worst C,more bad D,more badly3.B

7、illy,is your mother cooking meat in the kitchen?It smells sojA,well B,badly C,nice D,pretty4.The car stopped so that the bus behind almost ran into it.A,closely B,immediately C,suddenly D,soon5.We must finish cleaning the o f f i c e.A,as soon as possible B,as quickly as soonC,as possible as soon D,

8、as soon as possibly6.W hat she said this time s o u n d s.A,pleasantly B,nicely C,friendly D,truly7.1 didnt w ork my brother when I was young.A,as hard as B,harder C,hardest D,hardly8.Im going to mo v e.Its too noisy in our neighbourhood.A,somewhere quiet B,quiet somewhere C,anywhere D,quiet anywher

9、e9.Last year,15 typhoons（台风）hit China and Khanun wa s.A,strong B,strongest C,stronger D,the strongest10.I ts a good habit to keep the classroom all the time.A,cleanly B,clearly C,clear D,clean11.When class was over,our maths teacher came into theclassroom and said,“Please stay at your seat.I have go

10、t toannounce.A,nothing important B,important somethingC,important nothing D,something important12.111 the exam,th e you are,th e mistakes youH make.A,less careful,fewer B,more careful,less C,less careful,fewD,more careful,fewer13.WIiat is joke you have ever heard?A,more funny B,the more funny C,the

11、most funnyD,the funniest14.This kind of material feels silk.A,differently from B,the same to C,different as D,different from15.A recent survey showed that Jingjing and Huanhuan wereamong the five Olympic mascots（吉祥物）.A,popular B,more popular C,most popular D,themost popular16.A:Is there in todays ne

12、wspaper?B:Yes.Shenzhou VI has been sent up into space successfully.A,nothing newnew anythingB,anything newC,new nothing D,17.Visitors in the orchard can eat as fruit as they want.A,many B,more C,much D,most18.All of us were very when we heard th e news.A,excited,exciting B,excited,excited C,exciting

13、,excitingD,exciting,excited19.Eddie,my best frind Ben.A,is as high as B,works as careful asC,doesnt sing as beautifully as D,writes more better than20.Tom never does his homework Alice.So he makes moremistakes.A,as carefully as B,so careful as C,less carefully than D,more careful than21.Water pollut

14、ion is one o f in our country.A,serious problem B,the more serious problemsC,most serious problems D,the most serious problems22.The pizza was too small,so she decided to look for to eat.A,large something B,something else C,something otherD,other something23.We are too tired and hungry.So our steps

15、are g e t t i n g.A,slow and slower B,slower and slowestC,slower and slower D,more and more slowly24.Most children in our kindergarten like to play with Barbie girls.They look s o.A,nicely B,happily C,beautifully D,lovely25.111 winter,Chinese students like to kick the Jianzi（曜子）tokeep th em selv es.

16、A,warm B,warmly C,cold D,coldly26.111 order to keep healthy,you should eat fast food,fresh vegetables and take enough excises.A,fewer,fewer B,fewer,more C,less,more D,less,fewer27.Dont worry,My sister is to take care of little Betty.A,enough carefully B,enough careful C,carefully enoughD,careful eno

17、ugh28.Of all the students in our class,Jack i s.A,taller B,tallest C,the tallest D,very tall29.1n order to get full marks,Tim always does his lessons veryA,more carefully B,most carefully C,much carefully D,carefully30.A:Is there in todays newspaper?B:Yes.It says that President Hu Jintao has reached

18、Washington.A,anything importantB,any important thingC,important anythingD,any thing im portant词性变换：1.1 don,t like him and it would b e of me to dothe opposite,(honest)2.Our holidays in Thailand were really andunforgettable,(enjoy)3.The government is doing everything possible to help thosepeople afte

19、r the earthquake,(home)4.Put on the glasses so that you can see the word on thebl ackboar d.(clear)5.The war made millions of people.(home)6.W hat is the m ost animal in the forest?(power)7.It is to travel by train than by air.(cheap)8.It is for him to finish the job in two hours.Heis so slow,(possi

20、ble)9.,over 28,000 civilians(平民)lost their lives duringthe three-year war in Iraq,(sad)10.1 feel quite comfortable at home when it is raining_outside,(heavy)11.Jack is such a fellow,for he always leaves thisor that at the office,(forget)12.It is n o t to eat food with Sudan (苏丹红 1号).(safely)13.Lily

21、is enough to get the prize in the 2006Shanghai Junior High School English Contest,(luck)14.Wed better drive our cars on rainy days,(slow)15.One starry night,when the seven little dwarfs went back homefrom work,they found something at once,(usual)B卷l.I,m shortsighted and I cant see the words on the n

22、otice boardA,clear B,clearly C,carefully D,good2.Jean works hard but she doesnt w ork Mary.A,as harder than B,as hard than C,as harder as D,ashard as3.This is book in our library.A,the most interesting B,most interesting C,the moreinteresting D,more interesting4.Do you think maths is important than

23、English?A,very B,as C,more D,quite5.They got a Christmas tree and it w as ours.A,so tall as B,so taller as C,as tall as D,as taller as6.Tom failed in the exam.He l o o k e d.A,happy B,sadly C,upset D,lovely7.A taxi doesnt run as as an underground train.A,fast B,faster C,fastest D,more fast8.Yangpu B

24、ridge is one o f in the world.A,bigger bridge B,the biggest bridge C,the biggest bridgesD,bigger bridges9T ve got an A for my history“Judy s ai d.A,sadly B,sad C,happily D,happy10.1 think the song in the film“Titanic is one of all themovie songs.A,the most beautiful B,most beautiful C,a beautiful D,

25、much more beautiful11.The little baby l o o k s.A,lovely B,carefully C,heavily D,sadly12.Her cousin can draw an artist.A,as well as B,not so well as C,as better as D,as good as13.Jinmao Tower is building in Shanghai.A,high B,tall C,highest D,the tallest14.30,000 dollars is a large amount of money,bu

26、t its thanwe need.A,far more B,very much C,far less D,very little15.Mr Smith thought the Century Park was the second inShanghai.A,large B,larger C,largest D,very large16.1 think Yao Ming,the famous basketball player,will benew star in NBA.A,hot B,hotter C,hottest D,the hottest17.Shanghai Waihuan Tun

27、nel is already open to traffic,so it willtake u s time to go to Pudong International Airport.A,a few B,fewer C,a little D,less18.A:W hat delicious cakes!B:They would taste withbutter.A,good B,better C,bad D,worse19.Among all the teachersin this school,Miss Tao is one of.A,young B,younger C,the young

28、est D,the mostyoung20.Thanks to Mrs Lin!With her help,we finished our work anhour.A,late B,later C,early D,earlier21.The light music sounded ve r y.I enjoyed every minute ofit.A,well B,beautiful C,wonderfully D,boring22.A:In our English study reading is more important thanspeaking,I think.B:I dont a

29、gree.Speaking is reading.A,as important B,so important as C,the most importantD,the same as23.A:Mum,the Chinese medicine tastes so.I dont want totake it.B:But,dear,it is good for you.A,good B,terribly C,terrible D,well24.Where is today,s newspaper?Is there in todaysnewspaper?A,important something B,

30、something importantC,important anything D,anything important25.Simon looks today and smiles all the time.A,happy,happy B,happily,happily C,happy,happily D,happily,happy26.Its to send an e-mail than a regular mail.A,much more quickly B,quick C,more quickly D,muchquicker27.The price of these dictionar

31、ies is than before.A,much cheaper B,more expensive C,much higher D,more higher28.Bob lias to tell you.A,something important B,anything importantC,important something D,important nothing29.She is looking at her lovely son.A,happy B,happily C,happiness D,happier30.The old soldier lived all by himself.

32、Even though he was,he was n o t at all.A,alone,lonely B,alone,alone C,lonely,alone D,lonely,lonely词性变换：l.On hearing the great news that Beijing has won the birds of2008 Olympic Games,The crowds at Tian An Men Squarebegan to cheer.(excite)2.Never give your name,address,telephone number,e-mailaddress

33、or pictures to a in online chat.(strange)3.1 havent seen you for a long time.You look much_(health)4.Mum has bought a lot o f food from thesupermarket nearby,(freeze)5.1 won t do business with such a(n)man.(honest)6.The man was still when he was sent to thehospital,(life)7.He went to Canada several

34、years ago.Now he is acitizen.(Canada)8.Drinking too much fruit juice can b e tochildrens teeth,(harm)9.We have very weather here,especially in thewinter,(change)10.The test was so difficult that half of the class mademarks than usual,(bad)11.A lot of young students from different countries go to Fra

35、ncefor their study,(far)12.We should save expenses,(necessary)13.Some parents choose presents for theirchildren,(education)14.1n addition,E-mail can provide(提供)information_.(automatic)15.Travelling by train is much cheaper and far morethan a trip by air.(enjoy)C 卷l.The turckv tastes the chicken.A,as

36、 better as B,much better than C,as well as D,the best to2.1 like Chinese because it s o u n d s.A,wonder B,wondering C,wonderful D,wonderfully3.E-mailing is m uch than long distance calling.A,cheap B,cheaper C,cheapest D,the cheapest4.Your advice s o u n d s.WeD all take your advice.A,well B,careful

37、ly C,wonderful D,correctly5.Nick didnt do very in the final exam,but his scores arethan last yearsA,good,better B,bad,worse C,well,worse D,well,better6.The sand-storm from the north yesterday seemed to becomein recent years.A,bad B,badly C,the worse D,worse7.The leading actor felt when he saw a lot

38、of people cheeringhim.A,happy B,happily C,angrily D,lovely8.I f you decide on the date to leave Shanghai,please tell mepossible.A,as fast as B,as quickly as C,as swiftly as D,assoon as9.The price of the flats in the housing estates（住宅区）located inthe center of Shanghai must be v e r y.A,big B,huge C,

39、high D,expensive10.People prefer to send e-mail than to post letters because e-mailare much than letters.A,fast and convenient B,faster and convenientC,fast and more convenient D,faster and more convenient11.He hasnt got a very voice,but he sings v e r y.A,good,well B,good,good C,well,well D,well,go

40、od12.The Mars is far to us than the Pluto（冥王星）.We wish wecould live on it one day.A,close B,closer C,closest D,the closest13.Nowadays,more and more people do enough excise to keeptheir well.A,healthy B,health C,unhealthy D,healthily14.The girl looks as as a film star.A,lovely B,beautifully C,careful

41、ly D,swiftly15.1 n the exam,the you are,the mistakes you 1 1 make.A,carefully,little B,more careful,fewerC,more careful,less D,more carefully,fewer16.The turkey sm elt the chicken wings.A,as delicious as B,as deliciously as C,much delicious thanD,more deliciously than17.Our class teacher looked and

42、said to us.“Stoptalking.”A,angry,angry B,angrily,angry C,angrily,angrilyD,angry,angrily18.Canada,Australia and New Zealand are countries.A,English-spoken B,spoken-English C,English-speakingD,speaking-English19.The room w asnt for the doctor to operate on the lady.A,quite a clean B,enough clean C,cle

43、an enough D,mucha clean20.A:My CD is seven yuan.W hat about yours?B:Only five yuan.Its than yours.A,less B,cheaper C,lower D,smaller21.The food not only looks nice but also s me l l s.A,good B,well C,lovely D,delicious22.Jane has a voice.She sang at the party last night.A,good,beautiful B,wonderful,

44、beautifully C,well,nicelyD,sweet,great23.Are you to reach the picture on the top of theblackboard?A,very tall B,so tall C,too tall D,tall enough24.1 like fruits peaches and apples.A,so,as B,as,as C,such,as D,many,as25.She is feeling better than before.A,much,more B,far C,even more D,more26.1s Mr Sm

45、ith the man?A,so strong as B,more strong than C,stronger than D,much stronger as27.Tom looked when he heard the good news.A,happily B,upset C,happy D,luckily28.Please listen a s as possible so that you won,t make anymistakes.A,careful B,much carefully C,more carefully D,carefully29.1n my opinion,the

46、 Summer Palace looks than Bei HaiPark.A,beautiful B,more beautiful C,beautifully D,morebeautifully30.I t for him to recite the text.A,seems easy B,seems easily C,seem easy D,seem easily词性变换：LThey w ere in my culture and they asked me alot of questions,(interest)2.It is to teach a man to fish than to

47、 give himfish.(good)3.If you are of confidence,yoifll be happy allthe time,(fill)4.We are sure that China can hold the Olympic Games in 2008.(succeed)5.W hat a day it is today!Shall we have a picnicon the beach?(sun)6.The doctor told me to tak e training for at least 30minutes every day.(physics)7.“

48、Why are the birdies(、鸟)in the nest all looking at theirmother?”asked little Joe.(hungry)8.The doctor said there was n o cure(治疗方法)for Aids at present,(certainly)9.Many students go abroad to their studies,(far)10.Please close the windows.It is raining.(heavy)11.1 was very to believe him and lend him

49、themoney,(fool)12.The serious earthquake left thousands of people_.(home)13.The old man looks though he is over 80.(health)14.The weather in Shanghai is quite this year,(change)15.Its really exciting that Shengzhou VI landedat last,(safe)D卷l .Your idea sounds m uch than his.A,interesting B,intereste

50、d C,more interesting D,more interested2.I n my opinion,Tim doesnt write English his sister.A,as clear as B,so clear as C,more clearly as D,asclearly as3.Simon is a fast runner.John runs even faster.But Liu Xiangr u n s.A,faster B,a bit faster C,fast D,fastest4.Shanghai is my hometown.It is one o f i