【山东省高考英语】2018年高考真题英语（全国卷Ⅰ）.pdf

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1、K-即因敝二二二二豺出2薮2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课 标 I 卷）英 语第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分4 0分）第 一 节（共 15小题；每小题2 分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWashington,D.C.Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Duration TourThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with b

2、eautifulflowers of Washington,D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famousmonuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability the cherryblossoms-disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours（4 miles）Join a guided bike tour and view

3、some of the most popular monuments in Washington,D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts andhistory at each stop.Guided tour includes bike,helmet,cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour In Washington,D.C.Duration hoursMorning or Afterno

4、on,this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and locals lookingto experience Washington,D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides willentertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents,Congress,memorials,and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route

5、（路线）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours（7miles）Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,D.C.Getup close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill and th

6、e NationalMall.Frequent stops are made fbr photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tourincludes bike,helmet,and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safetylights.21.Whichtour do you need to book in advance?A.Cherry Blossom like Tour in Washington,D.C.B.W

7、ashington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A.Meet famous people.B.Go to a national park.C.Visit well-known museums.D.Enjoy interesting stories.23.Which of the f

8、ollowing does the bicycle tour at night provide?A.City maps.B.Cameras.C.Meals D.Safety lightsBGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,butshe is cooking up a storm in her latest role-showing families how to prepare delicious andnutritious meals on a tig

9、ht budget.In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chefMatt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5 perfamily a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shesleant into

10、 practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.*We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeawayrestaurant,she explains.I pay 5 for a portion（一份），but Matt makes them for 26p a portion,because they are flour,water,sugar and oil.Everybody

11、can buy takeaway food,but sometimes werenot aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.nThe eight-part series（系歹U节自），Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITVsSave Money:Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range ofhealth products on the market.Wi

12、th food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with a differentfamily each week.In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of somedelicious inspiration on a budget.The team transfbnns the familys long weekend of celebration withless expensive but st

13、ill tasty recipes.24.What do we know about Susanna Reid?A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.her family.25.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.C.He assists her in cooking matters.26.What does the author intend t

14、o do in paragraph 4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.readers.C.Add some background information.discussion.27.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartC.Making yourself a Perfect ChefB.She has started a newD.She has had a light budget forB.He prepares food for her kid

15、s.D.He invites guest families for her.B.Provide some advice for theD.Introduce a new topic forB.Balancing Our Daily DietD.Cooking Well for LessCLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there hasbeen less coming and a lot more going.When the the world was still

16、populated byhunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit（联 系）groups developed their own patterns of speechindependent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when the world hadjust five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of th

17、ose people started settling down to become farmers,and theirlanguages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centres,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education.Especiallyglbalisation and better communications in the pas

18、t few decades,all have caused many Languages todisappear,and dominant languages such as English.Spanish and Chinese are increasingly takingover.At present,the world has about 6 800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugelyuneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few l

19、anguages.Often spoken by manypeople while hot.wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200Languages:the Americas about 1,000.Africa 2 400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200,ofwhich Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数)ofspeakers

20、is a mere 6.000,which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer peoplethan that.Already well over 400 of the total of,6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡)，with only afew elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remainingspeakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150).Li

21、pan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu inAustralia(one,with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28.What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patters.D.They were

22、 closely connected29.Which of the following best explainsdominant underlined in paragraph 2?A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.M odem.30.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6 800 B.About 3 400C.About 2.400 D.About 1-20031.What is the min idea of the text?A.New l

23、anguages will be created.B Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC.Human development results in fewer languagesD.Geography determines language evolution.We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of somethingshiny and new,but a new study shows that we

24、keep using our old devices（装置）well after they goout of style.Thats bad news for the environment-and our wallets-as these outdated devicesconsume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at theR

25、ochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each productthroughout its life from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.Thismethod provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Deviceswere grouped by generation

26、 Desktop computers,basic mobile phones,and box-set TVs defined1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And MP3 players,smart phones,and LCD TVsentered homes in 2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones.The livi

27、ng-roomtelevision is replaced and gets planted in the kids*room,and suddenly one day,you have a TV inevery room of the house,1 said one researcher.The average number of electronic devices rose fromfour per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.Were not just keeping these old devices we continue touse them

28、.According to the analysis of Babbitts team,old desktop monitors and box TVs withcathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution togreenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution（解决方案）?The teams data only went

29、 up to 2007,but the researchersalso explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that servemore than one function,such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing.They found that moreon-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop comput

30、ers could cut energyconsumption by 44%.32.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.33.Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To tes

31、t the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.D.The desktop computer.35.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic de

32、vices?A.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them.第 二 节（共 5 小题；每小题2 分，满 分 10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fundamental in home design-something youll always have in every room.A graspof how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creatin

33、g rooms youUl love to live in.Do you want a room thats full of life?Professional?Or are you just looking fbr a place to relax aftera long day?36 color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years,there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approa

34、chthis important point.37 they can get a little complex.But good news is that there5re reallyonly three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the small ones,themedium ones,and the large ones.38.Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows,mirrors and baskets that most o

35、fus use to add visual interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensivethan buying a colorful sofa,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of beingeasily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas,dinner tables orbooks

36、helves 39.They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones,and they have amore powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.Whetheryoure looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it aresign

37、ificant.40A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever youre looking fbrC.If youre experimenting with a colorD.Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE.Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure,because you want to get it right the first timeG.C

38、olor choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college,I was told that the education department wasoffering a freecourse,called Thinkin

39、g Chess,for three credits.I 41 the idea of taking the classbecause,after all,who doesnt want to 42 a few dollars?More than that,Id always wanted tolearn chess.And,even if I werent 43 enough about free credits,news about our 44 wasappealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster,which 45 I

40、would be learning fromone of the games 46.1 could hardly wait to 47 him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate returning to teach,and this 48 wasno game for him:he meant business.In his introduction,he made it 49 that our credits would behard-earned.In order to 50 the class,among other

41、criteria,we had to write a paper on how weplan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and,52,to our lives.I managedto get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley,Fm still putting to use what he 5

42、5 me/The absolutemost important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57.On everysingle move you have to 58 a situation,process what your opponent（对手）is doing and 59 thebest move from among all your options/These words still ring true today in my 60 as ajoumalist.41.A.put forward

43、B.jumped atC.tried outD.turned down42.A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay43.A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired44.A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor45.A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant46.A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest47.A.interviewB.meetC.challengeD.beat48.A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job50.A.attendB.pas

44、sC.skipD.observe51.A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare52.A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally53.A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment54.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation55.A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised56.A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill57.A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments

45、58.A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control59.A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate60.A.role第 二 节（共 10小题；B.desire C.concern每小题1.5分，满 分 15分)D.behavior阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years 61(long)thannon-runners.You dont have to ru

46、n fast or for long 62(see)the benefit.You may drink,smoke,beoverweight and still reduce your risk of 63(die)early by running.While running regatesalstlycann*t make you live forever,the review says it 64(be)more effective at lengthening life 65walking,cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the rev

47、iew also made a study published in2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease andearly deaths from all 67(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise.its probably running.Toavoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do ex

48、ercises to 68(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap,easy and it*s always 69(energy).Ifyou are time poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,soperhaps we should all give 70 a try.第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节 短 文 改 错(共 1

49、0小题，每小题1分，满 分 10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A）,并在其下面写出该加的次。删除：把多余的用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多 者（从第11处起）不计分。During my last winter holiday,I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandpar

50、ents.Ifind a change there.The first time I went there,they were living in a small house with dogs,ducks,and another animals.Last winter when I went here again,they had a big separate house to raisedozens of chicken.They also Iwent here again,they had a big separnte house to raise dozens ofchicken.Th