2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习--十二　猜测词义(一).pdf

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1、2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习专题十二猜测词义五年高考A 组 统 一 命 题课标全国卷题组Passage 1（2022 全国乙,C）词数 316Can a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and,at the sametime,help railway operators save billions of euros each year?That is the very likely future of applying todays“eyes in the sky,9 t

2、echnology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure（础设施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thingto inspect railway lines and other vital aspects o

3、f rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railwaytracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected,the more railway safety,reliability andon-time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient（高效）across the board.That includes hu

4、ge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It iscalculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance,including sending maintenance staff,often at night,to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can bedanger

5、ous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews1 efforts.By using the latest technologies,drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways,detecting faults in the rail or switches,before they can cause any safety problems.To perform these tasks,drones for rail don*

6、t need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on a new concept:the rail dronesof the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train,and programmed to run autonomously.Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.

7、With their ability to see ahead,they could signal any problem,so that fast-moving trains would be able toreact in time.1 .What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.B.Drones ability to work at high altitudes.第1页 共4 8页C.The reduction of

8、cost in designing drones.D.Drones*reliable performance in remote areas.2.What does“maintenance“underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Personnel safety.B.Assistance from drones.C.Inspection and repair.Construction of infrastructure.3.What function is expected of the rail drones?A.To provide early warni

9、ng.B.To make trains run automatically.C.To earn profits for the crews.D.To accelerate transportation.4.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A.What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB.How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC.What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD.How Drones Will Chang

10、e the Future of Railways答案l.A 2.C 3.A 4.DPassage 2（2022 全国甲,C）词数 312As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica,she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins（企鹅）longing to say hello.These gentle,lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a tripGinni would never forget

11、.Ever since her childhood,Ginni,now 71,has had a deep love for travel.Throughout her career（职业）as aprofessional dancer,she toured in the UK,but always longed to explore further.When she retired fromdancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,she decided it was time to take the plunge.After taking

12、a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts,Ginni began to travel the world,eventuallygetting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.And it was in Chile she discovered she could getlast-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego,the southernmost第2页

13、共4 8页tip of the South American mainland.utI just decided I wanted to go,“she says.I had no idea about what Idfind there and 1 wasnt nervous,I just wanted to do it.And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it thatway.”In March 2008,Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers shed never met before,to

14、 begin the journey towardsAntarctica.64From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises,the whole experience was amazing.Antarcticaleft an impression on me that no other place has,“Ginni says.I remember the first time I saw a humpbackwhale;it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature

15、and I thought it was smiling at us.You couldstill hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.The realization that this is a precious land,to be respected by humans,was one of the biggest things that hithome to Ginni.1.Which of the following best explains take the plunge underlined in paragrap

16、h 2?A.Try challenging things.B.Take a degree.C.Bring back lost memories.D.Stick to a promise.2.What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?A.Lovely penguins.B.Beautiful scenery.C.A discount fare.D.A friends invitation.3.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?A.It could be a ho

17、me for her.B.It should be easily accessible.C.It should be well preserved.D.It needs to be fully introduced.4.What is the text mainly about?A.A childhood dream.B.An unforgettable experience.C.Sailing around the world.D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.第3页 共4 8页答案l.A 2.C 3.C 4.BPassage 3（2021 全国乙,B）词数 3

18、33When almost everyone has a mobile phone,why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for alandline（座机）?These days youd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesnt own a mobilephone.In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket.Practically everyone

19、 can make and receivecalls anywhere,anytime.Still,55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter（29%）rely only ontheir smartphones,according to a survey（调查）.Of those Australians who still have a landline,a third concedethat it*s not really necessary and theyre k

20、eeping it as a security blanket-19 percent say they never use itwhile a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.I think my home falls into that category.More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone.Age is naturally afactor（因素）一only 58 percent of Gene

21、ration Ys still use landlines now and then,compared to 84 percent ofBaby Boomers whove perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.Age isnt the only factor;Id say it*salso to do with the makeup of your household.Generation Xers with young families,like my wife and I,can still find it convenient to

22、 have a home phonerather than providing a mobile phone for every family member.That said,to be honest the only people whoever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents,to the point where we play a game and guess who iscalling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out

23、of it）.How attached are you to your landline?How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milkdeliveries?l.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?A.Their target users.B.Their wide popularity.C.Their major functions.D.Their complex design.2.What does the underlined

24、 word concede“in paragraph 3 mean?A.Admit.B.Argue.第4页 共4 8页C.Remember.D.Remark.3.What can we say about Baby Boomers?A.They like smartphone games.B.They enjoy guessing callers1 identity.C.They keep using landline phones.D.They are attached to their family.4.What can be inferred about the landline fro

25、m the last paragraph?A.It remains a family necessity.B.It will fall out of use some day.C.It may increase daily expenses.D.It is as important as the gas light.答案l.B 2.A 3.C 4.BPassage 4（2021 全国甲,C）词数 356When I was 9,we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow,London on a grayJanuary

26、 morning.Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me.Without my beloved beachesand endless blue-sky days,I felt at a loss and out of place.Until I made a discovery.Southbank,at an eastern bend in the Thames,is the center of British skateboarding,where the continuouscrashing of ska

27、teboards left your head ringing.I loved it.I soon made friends with the local skaters.We spokeour own language.And my favorite:Safe.Safe meant cool.It meant hello.It meant dont worry about it.Once,when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）,I fell onto the stones,damaging a nerve in my hand,and Toby

28、came over,helping me up:Safe,man.Safe.A few minutes later,when I landed the trick,my friends beat theirboards loud,shouting:Safe!Safe!Safe!And thafs what mattered-landing tricks,being a good skater.When I was 15,my family moved to Washington.I tried skateboarding there,but the locals were far lesswe

29、lcoming.Within a couple of years,Id given it up.When I returned to London in 2004,1 found myself wandering down to Southbank,spending hours there.Fvetraveled back several times since,most recently this past spring.The day was cold but clear;tourists andLondoners stopped to watch the skaters.Weaving（

30、穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards,Ifound my way to the beam.Then a rail-thin teenager,in a baggy white T-shirt,skidded（滑）up to the beam.He第5页 共4 8页sat next to me.He seemed not to notice the man next to him.But soon I caught a few of his glances.I was alocal here 20 years ago,“I told hi

31、m.Then,slowly,he began to nod his head.Safe,man.Safe.”“Yeah,“I said.Safb.”1 .What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?A.He felt disappointed.B.He gave up his hobby.C.He liked the weather there.D.He had disagreements with his family.2.What do the underlined wordsSafelSafelSafe

32、lprobably mean?A.Be careful!B.Well done!C.No way!D.Dont worry!3.Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?A.To join the skateboarding.B.To make new friends.C.To learn more tricks.D.To relive his childhood days.4.What message does the author seem to convey in the t

33、ext?A.Children should learn a second language.B.Sport is necessary for childrens health.C.Children need a sense of belonging.D.Seeing the world is a must for children.答案l.A 2.B 3.D 4.CPassage 5（2020 课标全国 I,B）词数 324Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend.Ther

34、es a welcomefamiliarity-but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both,and thus the relationship.But books dont change,people do.And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.第6页 共4 8页The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is

35、 based on our present mental register.It*s true,the older I get,the more I feel time has wings.But with reading,its all about the present.It*s aboutthe now and what one contributes to the now,because reading is a give and take between author and reader.Each has to pull their own weight.There are thr

36、ee books I reread annually.The first,which I take to reading every spring,is Ernest HemingwaysA Moveable Feast.Published in 1964,ifs his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.The language is almostintoxicating（令人陶醉的）,an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.Another is AnnieDillards Holy

37、 the Firm,her poetic 1975 ramble（随笔）about everything and nothing.The third book is JulioCorti Izars Save Twilight:Selected Poems,because poetry.And because CortIZIzar.While I tend to buy a lot of books,these three were given to me as gifts,which might add to the meaning Iattach to them.But I imagine

38、 that,while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,rereading an authors workis the highest currency a reader can pay them.The best books are the ones that open further as time passes.But remember,its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.l.Why does the

39、author like rereading?A.It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.B.Its a window to a whole new world.C.Ifs a substitute for drinking with a friend.D.It extends the understanding of oneself.2.What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?A.Its a brief account of a trip.B.Its about Hemingways lif

40、e as a young man.C.Its a record of a historic event.D.Its about Hemingways friends in Paris.3.What does the underlined word“cuirency“in paragraph 4 refer to?A.Debt.B.Reward.C.Allowance.D.Face value.4.What can we infer about the author from the text?A.He loves poetry.B.Hes an editor.C.Hes very ambiti

41、ous.第7页 共4 8页D.He teaches reading.答案l.D 2,B 3.B 4.APassage 6（2020 课标全国 II,c）词数 369When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list,furprobably didnt cross your mind.But some ecologists and fashion（时装）enthusiasts are trying to bring backthe market for fur m

42、ade from nutria（海狸鼠）.Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in differentstyles.It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free furunless you understand that the nutria are destroying vastwetlands every year,“says Cree McCree,project director of Righteo

43、us Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters$5 a tail.Some of the fur ends upin the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild.The ecosystem down therecant handle this non-nat

44、ive species（物种）.Its destroying the environment.It*s them or us,“says MichaelMassimi,an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades,but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,thecat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria con

45、trol program for Louisiana.He says ifs not easy to convincepeople that nutria fur is green,but he has no doubt about it.Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails ayear,so part of Moutons job these days is trying to promote fur.Then theres Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions.Model Paige Morg

46、an says,“To give people a guilt-freeoption that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think thats going to be a massive thing,at least here in New York.Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to theopinion that using nutria fur for her creations is moral

47、ly acceptable.Shes trying to come up with a label toattach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.1 .What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A.To promote guilt-free fur.B.To expand the fashion market.C.To introduce a new brand.第8页 共4 8页D.To celebrate a winter holi

48、day.2.Why are scientists concerned about nutria?A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.B.Nutria are an endangered species.C.Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.D.Nutria are illegally hunted.3.What does the underlined word“collapsed”in paragraph 5 probably mean?A.Boomed.B.Became mature.C.Remained st

49、able.D.Crashed.4.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A.Its formal.B.Its risky.C.It*s harmful.D.Ifs traditional.答案l.A 2.A 3.D 4.BPassage 7（2020 课标全国HI,B）词数 280When“Rise of the Planet of the Apeswas first shown to the public last month,a group of excited animalactivists

50、 gathered on Hollywood Boulevard.But they werent there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing filmstars.Instead,one activist,dressed in a full-body monkey suit,had arrived with a sign praising thefilmmakers:4tThanks for not using real apes（猿）!”The creative team behindApesused motion-capture（动作捕捉）tec