英语六级阅读专项训练.pdf

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1、大 风 起 会 云 飞 扬 _生 命 是 永 恒 不 断 的 创 造，因 为 在 它 内 部 蕴 含 着 过 剩 的 精 力，它 不 断 流 溢，越 出 时 间 和 空 间 的 界 限，它 不 停 地 追 求，以 形 形 色 色 的 自 我 表 现 的 形 式 表 现 出 来。-泰 戈 尔 Every day 25 mi I I ion U.S.chi Idren ride schooI buses.The safety record forthese buses i s much better than for passenger cars;but nevertheI ess,about10

2、 chi Idren are killed each year riding on Iarge schooI buses,and near Iyfour times that number are killed outs i de buses i n the I oad i ng zones.By andIarge,however,the nations schooI chi Idren are transported to and fromschoo I safe I y.Even though the number of schooI bus casua 11 ies（死 亡 人 数）i

3、s not large,the safety of ch i Idren i s always of i ntense pub I i c concern.While everyonewants to see ch i I dren transported safe I y,peop I e are d i v i ded about what needsto be done part i cu I ar I y whether seat be I ts shou I d be mandatory（强 制 性 的）Supporters of seat belts on schooI buses

4、 argue that seat be Its arenecessary not on Iy to reduce death and i njury,but a I so to teach ch i IdrenIessons about the importance of using them rout i ne Iy i n any mov i ng veh i cIe.A side benef i t,they poi nt out,i s that seat belts he Ip keep chi Idren i n thei rseats,away from the bus driv

5、er.Opponents of seat be 11 i nstaI I at i on suggest that chi Idren are a I ready大 风 起 会 云 飞 扬 we I I protected by the schooI buses that fol low the Nat i ona I Hi ghway Traff i cSafety Admin i strat i ons(NHTSA)safety requ i rement set i n 1977.They a I sobe I i eve that many ch i Idren wont wear s

6、eat be Its anyway,and that they maydamage the belts or use them as weapons to hurt other chi Idren.A new Research Counci I report on school bus safety suggests that thereare a I ternate safety dev i ces and procedures that may be more effect i ve andI ess expens i ve.For examp I e,the study committe

7、e suggested that raising seatbacks four i nches may have the same safety effect i veness as seat be Its.The report sponsored by the Department of Transportat i on at the requestof Congress,rev i ews seat be Its extens i veIy while tak i ng a broader Iook atsafety i n and around schooI buses.1.Each y

8、ear,ch i Idren killed outs i de buses i n the Ioad i ng zones area b o u t.A.10 B.40C.30 D.502.Wh i ch of these words i s nearest i n mean i ng to the words“are divided”i n ParagraphA.d i sagree B.separateC.arrange D.concern大 风 起 今 云 飞 扬 3.Accord i ng to the passage,who has the greatest degree of co

9、ntroI ofthe schooI buses safety”?A.A New Research Counc i I.B.The Department of Transportat i on.C.The Med i ca I Organ i zat i ons.D.Nat i onaI H i ghway Traffic Safety Admi n i strat i on.4.It may be i nferred from th i s passage t h a t.A.many of the opponents of seat belt i nsta I I at i on are

10、parents andoff i c i a Is of the Department of Transportat i onB.proposaI of seat be Its on schooI buses wouId be ser i ousIy cons i deredC.an a I ternate safety dev i ce(ra i s i ng seat backs four i nches)may betaken i ntocons i derat i onD.The Department of Transportat i on may e i ther take the

11、i dea of seat be I tsor other measures when i t rev i ews the who Ie s i tuat i on5.The best title wh i ch expresses the i dea of the passage i s.A.Mak i ng Schoo I Buses Even Safer for Ch i IdrenB.Seat Be Its Needed on Schoo I BusesC.Alternate Safety Dev ices and ProceduresD.Safety i n and around S

12、choo I Buses【答 案 见 下 页】1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.A大 风 起 会 云 飞 扬 Accord i ng to the Iatest research i n the United States of Amer ica,men andwomen ta I k such d i f ferent I anguages that i t i s I i ke peop I e from two d i ff erentcultures try i ng to communicate.Professor Deborah Tannen of GeorgetownUn i

13、vers i ty,has not i ced the d i fference i n the sty Ie of boys and girlsconversat i ons from an ear Iy age.She says that I i ttIe gi rI s conversat i oni s I ess defi nite than boys and expresses more doubts.Little boys useconversat i on to estab Ii sh status with thei r Ii steners.These d i fferen

14、ces cont i nue i nto adult Ii fe,she says.I n pub I i cconversat i ons,men ta I k most and i nterrupt other speakers more.I n pr i vateconversat i ons,men and women speak i n equa I amounts a I though they say th i ngsi n a d i fferent sty Ie.Professor Tannen be Ii eves that,for woman,pr i vatetalki

15、ng i s a way to estab Ii sh and test i nt i macy.For men,pr i vate talkingi s a way to exp I ore the power structure of a re I at i onsh i p.Teach i ng i s one job where the d i fferences between mens and womens waysof talking show.When a man teaches a woman,says Professor Tannen,he wantsto show tha

16、t he has more know I edge,and hence more power i n conversat i on.When a woman teaches another woman,however,she i s more Ii keIy to take ashar i ng approach and to encourage her student to joi n i n.大 风 起 今 云 飞 扬 But Professor Tannen does not be Ii eve that women are naturaI Iy morehe I pfu I.She s

17、ays women fee I they ach i eve power by be i ng ab I e to he I p others.Although the research suggests men ta I k and i interrupt peop Ie more than women,Professor Tannen says,women actuaI Iy encourage th i s to happen because theybe Ii eve it wi I I I ead to more i nt i macy and he Ip to estab Ii s

18、h a re I at i onsh i p.Some sc i ent i sts who are study i ng speech th i nk that the bra i n i spre-iprogrammed for I anguage.As we are usua I I y taught to speak by women,it seems I i ke I y that the brain must have a sexua I bias（倾 向 性）i n i tsprogrammi ng,otherwise ma Ie speech patterns wouId no

19、t ar i se at all.1.In the opinion of the wr iter,women encourage men to taIk becauseA.it wi I I Iead to more i nt i macy and he Ip to estab I i sh a re I at i onsh i pB.it wi I I he Ip to estab Ii sh status with the i r Ii stenersC.it wi I I he Ip to express more cI ear IyD.it will help to communica

20、te better2.There are i n I ittIe gi rI s conversat i on than i n boys,.A.fewer doubts B.more demandsC.more doubts D.fewer uncertainties3.Some sc i ent i sts be Ii eve that bra i n i s pre-programmed for Ianguage.大 风 起 今 云 飞 扬 The word“pre programmed“m e a n s.A.programmed a I ready B.programmed befo

21、re one i s bornC.programmed ear Iy D.programmed by women4.In pr i vate conversat i on,women speakA.the same th i ngs as men B.I ess than menC.more than men D.as much as men5.The theme of th i s art i c I e i s.A.women are naturaI Iy more he IpfuIB.men and women taIk d i fferent IanguagesC.men ta I k

22、 most and i interrupt other speakers moreD.Ii ttIe gi rI s conversat i on i s I ess def i n i te 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.B Every day,the news of the worId i s re Iayed to peop I e by over 300 millioncopi es of daily papers,over 400 million rad i o sets,and over 150 mi I I iontelevision sets.Add i t i onaI

23、 news i s shown by mot i on p i ctures,i n theatresand c i nemas a I I over the wor I d.As more peop I e I earn what the i mportant eventsof the day are,fewer are still concerned exo I us i ve I y with the events of the i rown househoId.As the Eng I i sh wr i ter John Donne put i t near Iy four hund

24、redyears ago,“no man i s an i s I and.Th i s i dea i s more appropr i ate today thanit was when Donne I i ved.I n short,wherever he I i ves,a man be Iongs to some大 风 起 今 云 飞 扬 soc i ety;and we are becomi ng more and more aware that whatever happens i none part i cuI ar soc i ety affects,somehow,the

25、I ife and dest i ny of a I Ihuman i ty.Newspapers have been pub I i shed i n the modern wor I d for about four hundredyears.Most of the newspapers pr i nted today are read i n Europe and NorthAmer i ca.However,soon they may be read i n a I I parts of the worId,thanksto the new i nvent i ons that are

26、 chang i ng the techn i ques of newspaperpub I i sh i ng.EI ectron i cs and automat i on have made i t poss i b I e to produce p i ctures andtext far more quickly than before.Photograph i c reproduct i on e I imi nates theneed for type and pr i nt i ng presses.And fewer spec i a I i sts,such astype-

27、setters,are needed to produce a paper or magaz i ne by the photo-offset（照 相 平 板 月 交 印）method.Therefore,the pub I i sh i ng of newspapers and magaz i nesbecomes more economica I.Furthermore,photo-copies can be sent over greatd i stances now by means of te I ev i s i on channe I s and sate I I i tes s

28、uch as Te I star.Thus,p i ctures can be brought to the pub Ii c more quickly than prev i ousIy.Mach i nes that prepare pr i nted texts for photo-cop i es are be i ng used agreat deaI today.Thousands of Ietters and f i gures of d i fferent s i zes andth i cknesses can now be arranged on a b I ack g I

29、 ass d i sc that i s on I y e i ght i nchesi n d i ameter,to be pr i nted i n negat i ve form（wh i te on a bI ack background）.The d i sc on the mach i ne turns constant Iy at the rate of ten revoIut i ons asecond.A beam of I ight from a s I roboscop i c（频 闪 的）I amp sh i nes on the大 风 起 今 云 飞 扬 des i

30、 red Ietters and f i gures for about I wo-miI Ii onths of a second.Then theimage of the Ietters and f i gures that were i I Iumi nated i s projected onto af i Im through I enses.The sect i on of f i Im i s I arge enough to ho I d theequ i vaI ent of a page of text.There i s a keyboard i n front of t

31、he mach i nethat i s s imi I ar to the keyboard of a typewr i ter,and the mach i ne operatorhas on I y to str i ke the proper keys for the i mage of the correspond i ng I ettersto be immed i ate Iy transferred to the film.The negat i ve i mage on the fi Imcan quickly be transferred onto paper.Th i s

32、 method makes it as easy toreproduce photographs and i I Iustrat i ons as i t i s to reproduce the textitseIf.Fi Im,be i ng I i ght and sma I I,can be sent rap idly to other p I aces and usedto pr i nt cop i es of the text where they are needed.Fi Im images can a I so beprojected easi Iy on a movie

33、or television screen.Television broadcasts areI imi ted to an area that i s within s i ght of the send i ng stat i on or its re I ay（中 继）.AI though television re I ays are often p I aced on h i I I s and mounta i nsso that they can cover a wider region,they still can not cover more I andthan one cou

34、 I d see from the same h i I I top on a c I ear day.However,the raysa I so go out i nto the atmosphere,and i f there i s a re I ay stat i on on a sate I I itethat revoIves around the earth,it can transmit the pictures to any pointon the earth from wh i ch the sate I I i te i s visible.Three sate I I

35、i tespermanent Iy revoIv i ng over the equator transmit any television program toany part of the earth.Th i s makes i t poss i b I e for wor I d ed i t i ons of newspapers大 风 起 今 云 飞 扬 to give the news i n a I I countr i es at the same t i me.Some day i t may be poss i b I efor a subscr i ber to a t

36、e I ev i sed newspaper to press a button and see a newspaperpage on h i s television screen.He couId a I so dec i de when he wants the pageto turn,and,by d i a I I i ng d i fferent numbers such as those on a te I ephone dial,he couId choose the Ianguage or the edition of the paper he wants to read.I

37、t seems strange to th i nk that,even today,methods of the past are notent i re Iy use I ess.For examp Ie,somet i mes press agenc i es that use rad i o andTel star use carr i er p i geons to send messages between off i ces i n I arge citiesbecause the p i geons are not bothered by traff i c prob Iems

38、.It may be some time before television sets become common in the averagehomes i n Afr i ca and As i a.However,rad i o i s a I ready rap idly becomingaccess i bIe to thousands of peopIe i n these areas.And,now that good rad i osare be i ng made with trans i stors,and the i r pr i ce i s graduaI Iy dr

39、opp i ngbecause of mass product i on,i t may not be“too Iong before rad i os becomecommonp I ace i n areas wh i ch have no newspapers.Trans i stors make i t poss i b I efor peopIe to carry smaI I radios wherever they go,without need of eIectr iccurrent.Even television sets are now operat i ng on tra

40、ns i stors,and thepocket TV may soon be as wi despreadas the pocket rad i o.Now that sc i ent i f i c progress i s mak i ng i t poss i bIe to send the news toa I I thei nhabi tants of the earth,it wi I I be important to cons ider what news i s大 风 起 今 云 飞 扬 going to be sent to them.No matter what cr

41、i ter i a are used i n tnak i ng thedec i s i on,a dec i s i on must be made,s i nee no one wou I d have time to read orIi sten to an account of everyth i ng there i s go i ng on i n the worId!Peop I e who have t ime to read severa I papers can a I ready compare d i fferentreports of the same event.

42、When an event has polit i caI s i gn i f i canoe,eachpaper reports i t from the po i nt of v i ew of its own poli t i caI be Ii efs orpreferences.I dea I I y,of course,the expression of editorial opinion shou I dbe Iimi ted to the editor i a I page,and the news art i cIes shouId be object i ve teI I

43、i ng the facts as comp IeteIy as poss i bIe,without try i ng to give thema part i cuI ar i nterpretat i on,or without otherwise try i ng to i nfIuence thereaders op i n i on.However,reporters and editors are only human,and i f theyhave strong pol itical be I i efs i t i s a I most imposs i b I e for

44、 them to h i de them.I f ed i tors be I i eve the i r po i nt of v i ew i s best for the readers of the i r paper,whats to stop them from us i ng the paper to try to i nf I uence pub I i c op i n i on?And i f,some day,a wor Id newspaper becomes a rea I i ty,wi I I i t be the mostpowerfuI press agenc

45、ies that wiI I choose the news to be sent out to a I Icountr i es?1.The express i on“no man i s an i s I and“means that no man I i ves surroundedby water.2.Accord i ng to the author,it may not be Iong before peopIe a I I over大 风 起 今 云 飞 扬 the worId have access to newspapers.3.The transferr i ng of n

46、ewspaper texts to fi Im i s t ime-consumi ng andcost I y.4.Trans i stors are part i cuI ar Iy usefuI because they are used i n smaI Irad i o and TV sets.5.Television re I ays are often p I aced on a hi I I top so that they can reacha sate I I i te.6.PeopIe are capabIe of knowing a I I the events goi

47、 ng on in every partof the wor I d.7.If a wor Id newspaper becomes a rea I i ty,i t wi I I take morerespons i b i I i ty for i nform i ng a I I the readers of the I atest news i n the wor I d.8.Newspapers have been pub Ii shed for a b o u t.9.Any television program couId be transmitted to any part o

48、f the worIdb y.大 风 起 今 云 飞 扬 10.It i s i deaI that the news art i c I e s.1.N2.Y3.N4.Y5.N6.N7.NG8.400 years9.sate I I i tes10.be object ive In the Iast two hundred years there have been great changes i n the methodof product i on of goods.Th i s i s now a I so true of the bu i I d i ng i ndustry;for

49、mechan i zat i on has been i ntroduced.System bu i Id i ng can save both time andmoney.The principle of system bu i Id i ng i s that the bu i Id i ng i s made froma set of standard units.These are either made at the bu i Id i ng-s i te or ata factory.Some des i gners,i n fact,are standard i z i ng t

50、he d i mens i ons of roomsThey are made in multiples of a single f i xed Iength,usua I Iy ten cent imeters.Th i s is called a modu I ar（标;隹 件 的）system,and it means that manufacturescan produce standard i zed f i tt i ngs at a Iower cost.The most important fact大 风 起 今 云 飞 扬 about system bu i I d i ng