阅读理解之说明文（二）解析版-2021-2022年新高考英语模拟题分项汇编（第2期）.pdf

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1、专 题 02 阅 读 理 解 之 说 明 文（二）一、（湖 北 新 高 考 9 N联 盟 2022届 高 三 联 考）Six sacrificial pits（祭 祀 坑）”,dating back 3,200 to 4,000 years,were newly discovered in Sanxingdui Ruinssite in Guanghan,Southwest Chinas Sichuan province.Over 500 artifacts,including gold masks,bronze wares,ivories,jades,and textiles,were un

2、earthed from the site.Sanxingdui site,first found in 1929,is generally considered as one of the most important archaeological sitesalong the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.However,large-scale excavation on the site only began in 1986,whentwo pits widely believed for sacrificial ceremonies were a

3、ccidentally discovered.Investigation in the area around No 1 and 2 pits was relaunched in October 2019,and No 3 pit was found inDecember 2019,according to Lei Yu,a researcher of Sichuan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archaeology ResearchInstitute who heads the ongoing excavation.Thirty-four research

4、 universities and research institutes havecooperated in this project.He said the new discoveries will help to better understand many unexplained findings in1986.More excavation followed in March 2020,and five more pits were found last year.And detailed researchbegan in October.Excavation capsules wi

5、th hi-tech equipment were set up in the pits to better conserve the site.Sanxingdui site covers an area of 12 square kilometers,and its core zone of an ancient city covers nearly 4square kilometers.According to the National Cultural Heritage Administration,studies of Sanxingdui site willbecome a cru

6、cial project in an ongoing program Archaeology China,which tries to explain the origins of Chinesecivilization and how diverse cultures communicate and come together.8.What does the underlined word“excavation“in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Discovery B.DigC.Exploration D.Expansion9.How did archaeolog

7、ists preserve the Sanxingdui site?A.By dividing the task of excavation into several parts.B.By cooperating with research universities and institutes.C.By using excavation capsule armed with hi-tech equipment.D.By conducting more investigations around the site.10.What can we infer about the pits from

8、 the text?A.All sacrificial sites were discovered in the meantime.B.The excavation of Sanxingdui site only began in 1986.C.There were altogether six sacrificial pits discovered in Sanxingdui siteD.The size of the core zone is approximately 1/3 times that of Sanxingdui site.11.Which of the following

9、can be the best title for the text?A.Sacrificial pits were unearthed in Sanxingdui Site.B.Sanxingdui Site needed to be conserved.C.Sanxingdui discoveries cast light on ancient China.D.Hi-tech helped to excavate Sanxingdui Site.【答 案】8.B9.C10.D11.A【解 析】本 文 是 说 明 文。文 章 按 照 时 间 顺 序 着 重 介 绍 了 三 星 堆 遗 址 中

10、 祭 祀 坑 的 发 现、发 掘 工 作 及 意 义。1.猜 测 词 义 题。该 词 所 在 句 子“However,large-scale excavation on the site only began in 1986,when twopits widely believed for sacrificial ceremonies were accidentally discovered（当 两 个 祭 祀 坑 被 意 外 发 现,三 星 堆 大 规 模 的 挖 掘 工 作 1986年 才 真 正 开 始。）再 结 合 第 一 自 然 段 最 后 一 句 话 里 的 uneanh可 推 测

11、 该 划 线 词 的 意 思 是“挖 掘、发 掘 工 A 选 项 发 现 B 选 项 挖 掘；发 掘 二 C 选 项“探 索；发 现”；D 选 项“扩 大；扩 张 工 故 选 B。2.细 节 理 解 题。根 据 第 四 段 最 后 一 句 话“Excavation capsules with hi-tech equipment were set up in the pitsto better conserve the site.”（在 坑 内 设 置 了 装 有 高 科 技 设 备 的 挖 掘 胶 囊，以 更 好 地 保 存 该 址）可 知，考 古 学 家 采 用 配 备 高 科 技 设 备

12、的 挖 掘 胶 囊 保 护 了 三 星 堆 遗 址。故 选 Co3.推 理 判 断 题。根 据 最 后 一 段 Sanxingdui site covers an area of 12 square kilometers,and its core zone ofan ancient city covers 3.6 square k ilo m e te rs.（三 星 堆 面 积 12平 方 公 里，核 心 区 域 占 地 大 约 4 平 方 公 里，大 约 三 分 之 一。）可 知，核 心 区 面 积 约 为 三 星 堆 遗 址 的 1/3。故 选 D。4.主 旨 大 意 题。通 读 全 文

13、 可 知，全 文 按 照 时 间 顺 序 着 重 介 绍 了 三 星 堆 遗 址 中 祭 祀 坑 的 发 现、发 掘 工 作，可 以 确 定 全 文 关 键 信 息 为 Sarificial pits,discovered,Sangxingdui Site.A 选 项 关 键 词 为 Sacrificialpits+unearthed;B 选 项 关 键 词 为 Sanxingdui Site+needed to be conserved;C 选 项 为 discoveries+cast light on;D选 项 为 Hi-tech+hclpcd to excavate.。综 上 所 述，A

14、 选 项 能 高 度 概 括 全 文，故 选 A。二、（湖 北 新 高 考 9 N联 盟 2022届 高 三 联 考）A sheet of transparent new material at a University of Maryland lab looks like it might be plastic.But ifsactually wood-and it could eventually be used to make energy-efficient windows or even see-through buildings.Compared to glass,wood has

15、 lower heat conductivity,and its lighter,stronger,and more environmentallyfriendly/says Liangbing Hu,a materials science professor at the University of Maryland and one of the authors ofa new study of the material.The idea is to employ the material in buildings.With a window made from transparent wo

16、od instead of glass,for example,a building would lake less energy to heat and cool.Because of the structure of the wood,the windowscould also reduce glare from the sun while allowing in natural light.Researchers have experimented with transparent wood in the past,but the new method is more sustainab

17、le.Other methods usually put the wood in a chemical compound Nacl to remove lignin,part of the wood thatgives it structure.But this can weaken the wood,and it produces waste that is hard to recycle.Hu and his teammade slight changes to the process so it doesnt fully remove the lignin.By brushing hyd

18、rogen peroxide（过 氧 化 物）over the wood and leaving it under a UV light,they removed only the parts of the lignin that give it color.Theresult is transparent wood that can be coated in epoxy（环 氧 树 脂）.Ifs just one of a number of ways scientists and engineers are rethinking how we can use this renewabler

19、esource in construction.Skyscrapers made entirely out of wood are gaining popularity in cities around the world.And scientists recently discovered a technique to grow wood in a lab,opening up the possibility of using woodwithout having to cut down a forest.The transparent wood is 50%stronger than pr

20、evious transparent wood and could even be used to buildload-bearing walls in a building.It could also potentially be used in other ways,such as layers used in solar cells.Anew company called In vent Wood is working to commercialize the technology.12.Why would people like to choose transparent wood i

21、n their buildings in preference to glass?A.It can conduct heat more quickly.B.It is lighter and more delicate.C.It can let light in with less heat.D.It has higher energy consumption.13.Compared with the experiment in the past,what is the difference of the new method?A.The new method is less environm

22、entally friendly.B.The new method can make the wood weaker.C.Researchers brushed Nacl over the wood.D.Researchers only took away the lignin related to color.14.Which of the following statements may the author agree with?A.This see-through wood can replace glass windows.B.This see-through wood is in

23、mass production.C.This transparent wood has been grown in labs.D.This transparent wood is only popular in cities.15.What does the last paragraph mainly focus on?A.The advantages of transparent wood.B.The prospect of transparent wood.C.The production of transparent wood.D.The companies of transparent

24、 wood.【答 案】12.C13.D14.A15.B【解 析】这 是 一 篇 说 明 文，主 要 介 绍 了 透 明 木 头 这 一 新 型 的 建 筑 材 料 的 制 作 原 理 及 诸 多 优 点，并 可 能 在 其 他 方 面 的 潜 在 用 途。1 2.推 理 判 断 题。根 据 文 章 第 二 段 wood has lower heat conductivity,and ifs lighter,stronger,and moreenvironmentally friendly（木 头 具 有 更 低 的 热 传 导 性，并 且 它 更 轻、更 结 实 也 更 环 保）和 第 三 段

25、 the windowscould also reduce glare from the sun while allowing in natural light（窗 户 也 能 减 少 阳 光 照 射 的 强 度，并 同 时 让 自 然 光 照 射 进 屋 子）”可 知，安 装 透 明 木 材 装 修 家 受 到 很 多 人 的 青 睐，因 为 它 具 有 很 多 优 点。故 选 C。1 3.推 理 判 断 题。根 据 文 章 第 五 段“they removed only the parts of the lignin that give it color（他 们 只 移 除 了 部 分 的

26、 让 木 头 有 颜 色 的 木 质 素）“可 知，跟 之 前 的 实 验 不 一 样 的 地 方 在 于，这 些 研 究 者 只 移 除 了 赋 予 木 头 颜 色 的 木 质 素，故 选 D。14.推 理 判 断 题。根 据 文 章 首 段“But its actually wood一 and it could eventually be used to makeenergy-efficient windows or even see-through buildings（但 事 实 上，它 是 木 头，并 且 它 可 以 被 用 于 制 作 节 能 型 的 窗 户 或 者 透 视 大 楼）

27、“可 知，作 者 认 为 透 明 木 头 有 可 能 取 代 现 在 的 玻 璃 窗 户。故 选 A。15.主 旨 大 意 题。根 据 文 章 尾 段“It could also potentially be used in other ways,such as layers used in solarcells”它 也 可 以 有 其 他 多 种 用 途，比 如 用 于 太 阳 能 电 池 的 涂 层）”可 知，文 章 最 后 一 段 主 要 讲 述 了 透 明 木 头 潜 在 的 用 途，故 选 B。三、（湖 南 省 岳 阳 一 中 2021-2022学 年 高 三 测 试）Though

28、leaders from the International Olympic Committee（IOC）have announced a first-of-its-kindpostponement of the Tokyo Summer Olympics because of the corona virus epidemic,people all over the world arestill concerned about its preparations.Officials from the Tokyo Olympic Committee say they are sparing no

29、 effortand announce the Tokyo Summer Olympics in 2021 is going green.The 5,000 medals Japan has made are morespecial than most.One novel focus of the Tokyo Olympics is to besustainableto avoid using too many natural resources,sothat the games are easy on the environment.As part of this goal,the orga

30、nizers decided to make all of the Olympicmedals out of metal recycled from old electronics.Almost all electronics are made with small amounts ofprecious metals,like gold and silver.But collectingenough of these metals to make 5,000 medals was a huge challenge.That*s because the amount of metal in ea

31、chdevice is tiny.It would take about 20,000 cell phones to get just 1 kilogram of gold.Beginning in April 2017,the organizers placed collection boxes around the country,and asked people to turn intheir old electronic devices.Soon people began to respond to the initiative（倡 导）,turning in smart phones

32、,digitalcameras,handheld games,and laptops.At first,collection went slowly,but soon more and more areas began to takepart.By the end,1,621 local governments had helped out with the collection process.Then came the job of breaking those devices down into smaller pieces.After eing taken apart and sort

33、ed,thesmall electronics were smelted（熔 炼）to get all the gold,silver,and bronze elements.This is a tricky job,which callsfor careful attention and good skill.Its also dangerous,because some of the metals and other things arent safe forpeople to touch or breathe.By the end of March,2019,the organizers

34、 had hit their targets of getting enough metal for the medals.They hadcollected around 32 kilograms of gold,4 J 00 kilograms of silver and 2,200 kilograms of bronze.And now all the5,000 medals are available for the would-be winners.12.What can we know about the Tokyo Olympics medals?A.They are hugel

35、y valuable.B.They are of high quality.C.They are made from e-waste.D.They are designed uniquely.13.What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?A.The difficulty of making the medals.B.The initiative to recycle used smart phones.C.The classification of the collected devices.D.The process of collecting old el

36、ectronics.14.The underlined word tricky in Paragraph 5 means”A.creative B.demanding C.well-paid D.time-consuming15.Whats the purpose of Tokyos way of making the medals?A,To advocate sustainable use of resources.B.To promote the spirit of Olympic Games.C.To introduce a new technique to make medals.D.

37、To show the gravity of environmental damage.【答 案】12.C13.D14.B15.A【解 析】这 是 一 篇 说 明 文。文 章 介 绍 了 日 本 回 收 电 子 垃 圾 制 作 成 2021年 东 京 夏 季 奥 运 会 的 奖 牌，贯 彻 落 实 资 源“可 持 续 发 展”的 目 标。12.细 节 理 解 题。根 据 第 二 段 中 As part of this goal,the organizers decided to make all of the Olympic medalsout of metal recycled from o

38、ld electronics（为 了 实 现 这 一 目 标，组 织 者 决 定 用 回 收 旧 电 子 产 品 的 金 属 来 制 作 所 有 的 奥 运 奖 牌）可 知，东 京 奥 运 会 的 奖 牌 它 们 是 山 电 子 垃 圾 制 成 的。故 选 C 项。13.主 旨 大 意 题。根 据 第 四 段 中 Beginning in April 2017,the organizers placed collection boxes around thecountry,and asked people to turn in their old electronic devices（从 20

39、17 年 4 月 开 始，组 织 者 在 全 国 各 地 放 置 了 收 集 箱，并 要 求 人 们 上 交 他 们 的 旧 电 子 设 备）以 及 At first,collection went slowly,but soon more and more areasbegan to take part.By the end,1,621 local governments had helped out with the collection process（起 初,收 集 进 展 缓 慢，但 很 快 越 来 越 多 的 地 区 开 始 参 与。截 至 目 前 共 有 1621个 地 方 政

40、府 参 与 了 回 收 工 作），可 知 第 四 段 主 要 告 诉 我 们 收 集 旧 电 子 产 品 的 过 程。故 选 D 项。14.词 义 猜 测 题。根 据 第 五 段 中 划 线 词 所 在 句 This is a tricky job,which calls for careful attention and goodskill（这 是 一 项 _ 工 作，需 要 仔 细 的 注 意 和 良 好 的 技 能）以 及 Its also dangerous,because some of the metalsand other things arent safe for people

41、 to touch or breathe（这 也 是 危 险 的，因 为 一 些 金 属 和 其 他 东 西 对 于 人 们 的 触 摸 和 呼 吸 是 不 安 全 的）因 此 推 断 这 是 一 个 要 求 高 的 工 作 或 者 很 棘 手，因 此 猜 测 划 线 词 tricky意 为“要 求 高 的,棘 手 的 工 故 选 B 项。15.推 理 判 断 题。根 据 第 二 段 中 One novel fbcus of the Tokyo Olympics is to be“sustainable”to avoidusing too many natural resources,so t

42、hat the games are easy on the environment（东 京 奥 运 会 的 个 新 焦 点 是“可 持 续 发 展”，即 避 免 使 用 过 多 的 自 然 资 源，这 样 奥 运 会 对 环 境 就 比 较 宽 松），可 知，东 京 制 造 奖 牌 的 目 的 是 提 倡 资 源 的 可 持 续 利 用。故 选 A 项。四、（湖 南 省 长 沙 市 雅 礼 中 学 2021-2022学 年 高 三 入 学 考 试）Tour Guide in New YorkTimes Square-The Crossroads of the World Private Tou

43、rTimes Square has a colorful history,one worth exploring.Day and night.Times Square is lit up by the dozensof billboards advertising the biggest brands.Take a break in the pedestrian square and be entertained by performerspracticing their trade.Youll be suiprised by what you see and learn.Architectu

44、re 101.the Art Dcco City Private TourNew York City（NYC）is most closely identified with skyscrapers and many skyscrapers were constructed,during the late 1920s and early 1930s,the era of Art Dcco.Come and explore with me the dazzling architecture thathas arisen in this city over the last 100 years.Yo

45、ull be surprised by what you learn.Central Park Private TourIn the middle of this concrete jungle lies an extensive green space unlike any other.Designed and built by thefamous Frederick Law Olmsted,the 843-acre Central Park has come to capture the hearts of visitors around theworld.It*s an icon,of

46、greenery,of peace and calm in this fast-paced city.Rock&Roll NYC Private TourYouve been a Rock Roll fan for years,and now youre heading to New York.The heart of the best Rock&Roll the world has.New York City has been the center of the music world Tor decades from Lincoln Center to theEast Village.St

47、atue of Liberty and Ellis Island Private TourThe Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island remain standing as a physical reminder of the immigrant experience thatshaped the NYC people walking through today.A guide from City Walks NY can take you through the history andbeauty of the citys immigrant past,as

48、the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island private tour promises to take you alongthe historic journey that so many have traveled on.1.What can you see in Times Square?A.TV shows.B.The Statue of Liberty.C.Advertisements.D.Rock Roll concerts.2.Where should you go if you want to have a peaceful time?A.Ell

49、is Island.B.Central Park.C.The East Village.D.The Lincoln Center.3.What aspect of New York culture is the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island private tour related to?A.Architecture.B.Immigration.C.Rock&Roll.D.Super heroes.【答 案】1.C2.B3.B【解 析】本 文 是 一 篇 说 明 文。主 要 介 绍 了 Times Square、Architecture 101 中 央

50、公 园 私 人 游 摇 滚 纽 约 私 人 游 以 及 自 由 女 神 像 和 埃 利 斯 岛 私 人 旅 游。I.细 节 理 解 题。根 据 小 标 题“Times Square中 的 内 容 Times Square is lit up by the dozens of billboardsadvertising the biggest brands.（时 代 广 场 被 几 十 个 广 告 牌 照 亮，这 些 广 告 牌 都 是 最 大 的 品 牌 厂 可 知，在 时 代 广 场 可 以 看 到 广 告。故 选 C 项。2.细 节 理 解 题。根 据 第 三 段 Its an icon,