职称英语《理工类》阅读理解练习题二.pdf

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1、职 称 英 语 理 工 类 阅 读 理 解 练 习 题 3弟 扁 Forecasting MethodsThere are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast.Themethod forecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster,theamount of information available to the forecaster,the level of difficulty that theforecast situa

2、tion presents,and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed in theforecast.The first of these methods is the persistence method;the simplest way ofproducing a forecast.The persistence method assumes that the conditions at thetime of the forecast will not change.For example,if it is sunny and 87 de

3、gree today,the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degree tomorrow.If twoinches of rain fell today,the persistence method would predict two inches of rain fortomorrow.However,if weather conditions change significantly from day to day,thepersistence method usually breaks down and

4、 is not the best forecasting method touse.The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movementfor fronts,high and low pressure centers,and areas of clouds and precipitation.Usingthis information,the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those featuresto be at some futu

5、re time.For example,if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of yourlocation and moving to the east at 250 miles per day,suing the trends method youwould predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days.The trends method works well whensystems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a l

6、ong periodof time,if they slow down,speed up,change intensity,or change direction,thetrends forecast will probably not work as well.The climatology method is another simple way of producing a forecast.Thismethod involves averaging weather statistics accumulated over man years to makethe forecast.For

7、 example,if you were using the climatology method to predict theweather for new York City on July 4th,you would go through all the weather datathat has been recorded for every July 4th and take an average.The climatologymethod only works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for

8、thechosen time of year,if the pattern is quite unusual for the given time of year,theclimatology method will often fail.31 What factor is NOT mentioned in choosing a forecasting method?A Imagination of the forecaster.B Necessary amount of information.C Practical knowledge of the forecaster.D Degree

9、of difficulty involved in forecasting.32 Persistence method will work wellA if weather conditions change greatly from day to dayB if weather conditions do not change muchC on sunny daysD on rainy days33 The limitation of the trends method is the same as the persistence methodin t h a t.A it makes pr

10、edications about weatherB it makes predications about precipitationC the weather features need to be well definedD the weather features need to be constant for a long period of time34 Which method may involve historical weather data?A The trends method.B The analog method.C Both climatology method a

11、nd analog method.D The trends method and the persistence method.35 It will be impossible to make weather forecast using the analog methodA when the current weather scenario differs from the analogB when the current weather scenario is the same as the analogC when the analog is over ten years oldD wh

12、en the analog is a simple repetition of the current weather scenario第 二 篇 Lateral ThinkingLateral thinking（迂 回 思 维）,first described by Edward de Bono in 1967,is just afew years older than Edwards son.You might imagine that Caspar was raised to bean adventurous thinker,but de Bono name was so famous,

13、Caspers parents worriedthat any time he would say something bright at school,his teachers might snap,“Where do you get that idea from?“We had to be careful and not overdo it,Edward admits.Now Casper is atOxford-which once looked unlikely because he is also slightly dyslexic（诵 读 困 难）.Infact,when he w

14、as applying to Oxford,none of his school teachers thought he had achance.Z/So then we did several thinking sessions/his father says,“using mytechniques and,when he went up for the exam,he did extremely well.Soon after,Edward de Bono decided to write his latest book,“Teach Your Children How to Think,

15、in which he transforms the thinking skills he developed for brain-stormingbusinessmen into informal exercises for parents and children to share.Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence,and everybody knows that children arent very logical.So isnt it an uphill bat

16、tle,trying to teach them to think?”You know/Edward de Bono says,“if you examinepeoples thinking,it is quite unusual to find faults of logic.But the faults ofperception are huge!Often we think ineffectively because we take too limited aview.“Teach Your Child How to Think“offers lessons in perception

17、improvement,ofclearly seeing the implications of something you are saying and of exploring thealternatives.36 What is TRUE about Casper?A He is Edwards son.B He is an adventurous thinker.C He first described lateral thinking.D He is often scolded by his teacher.37 Casper succeeded in applying to Oxf

18、ord b e c a u s e.A he was careful and often overworkedB all of his school teachers thought he had a chanceC he used in the exam the techniques provided by his fatherD he read the book“Teach Your Child How to Think“before the exam38 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that E d w a r d.A was likely t

19、o improve childrens logic with his bookB gave a description of lateral thinking several years after his son was bornC was prompted to study lateral thinking because his son was slightly dyslexicD once taught businessmen how to think before he wrote for parents andchildren39 According to Paragraph 3,

20、which of the following statements expressesEdward de Bonos view?A Everybody knows that children arent very logical.B It is an uphill battle trying to teach children to think.C We often think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.D Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed i

21、n a logicalsequence.40 Lateral thinking refers to the following E X C E P T.A improving ones logic in thinkingB improving ones perception in thinkingC seeing the implications of what you are sayingD exploring the alternatives for what you are saying职 称 英 语 理 工 类 阅 读 理 解 练 习 题 1阅 读 理 解（每 题 3 分，共 4 5分

22、）短 文 后 有 5道 题，每 题 后 面 有 4 个 选 项。请 仔 细 阅 读 短 文 并 根 据 短 文 回 答 其 后 面 的 问 题，从 4 个 选 项 中 选 择 1个 答 案 涂 在 答 题 卡 相 应 的 位 置 上。Newspapers often tell us of floods in some parts of the United States.Although given less publicity,the agricultural damage done by the many smaller,more frequent floods usually far e

23、xceeds the losses caused by the very grand ones.Inthe Central States,ditches and drains cause the flows from spring rains and meltingsnow to run far more rapidly than in the days before white men settled on the land.Once,excess spring flood waters emptied into lakes and swampy lands,there to bedetai

24、ned for slow release into stream and rivers.Now,systematic drainage hasactually eliminated these natural reservoirs.In the more rolling sections of the East,spring runoff was formerly absorbed andheld temporarily in the porous soils beneath the unbroken expanse of forest.Whenlarge areas were convert

25、ed to farm use,removal of the forest and the practice ofup-and-down hill plowing deprived the soils of much of their ability to catch andstore water.The effects of eliminating the natural forest cover are shown in the gullied farmlands and widened stream channels found in some densely settled areas.

26、Partlybecause the stream channels are more or less filled with material washed down fromthe uplands,and partly because storm runoff has increased,the channels are todayno longer able to carry all the flow from heavy rains.This explains why the streamsovertop banks far more often than in the days bef

27、ore settlement.31.The best title for the selection would b e.A.River Rising!River Rising!B.Forests and FloodsC.Flooding in the U.S.D.The Results of Flooding32.All of the following cause floods E X C E P T.A.heavy rainB.melting snowC.increasing storm runoffD.porous soil33.The author states t h a t,A.

28、lakes and swamps once acted like natural reservoirsB.up-and-down hill plowing catches and stores waterC.stream channels are the best carriers of waterD.floods are easily prevented and controlled34.According to the selection,streams overtop their banks partlyb e c a u s e.A.material from higher land

29、is washed into themB.ditches and drains lead into themD.snow melts more rapidly nowadays35.The floods which are given most publicityA.cause no damageB.cause the most damageC.cause less agricultural damage than the many smaller,more frequent floodsD.far exceed the smaller,more frequent floods in agri

30、cultural loss职 称 英 语 理 工 类 阅 读 理 解 练 习 题(2)Flying the Hypertl SkiesA little airplane has given new meaning to the term“going hyper.”The Hyper-X2 recently broke the record for air-breathing jet planes when ittraveled at a hypersonic speed of seven times the speed of sound.Thats about 5,000miles per h

31、our.At this speed,you/d get around the world flying along the equator in less than 5 hours.Out of the three experimental Hyper-X aircrafts built for NASA5,only one is nowI eft.The agency has plans for another 11-second hypersonic flight,this time at 10times the speed of the sound.词 汇 hypersonic/7hai

32、pE(:)5sCnik/adj.超 音 速 的 booster/5bu:stE/n.助 推 器 equator/i5kweitE(r)/n.赤 道 milestone/5mailstEun/n.里 程 碑 unmanned/Qn5mAnd/adj.无 人 的 booster rocket 助 推 火 箭 scramjet/5skrAmdVet/n.超 音 速 燃 烧 冲 压 式，cargo/5kB：AEu/n.货 物喷 气 发 动 机 练 习：1.The Hyper-X broke the record becauseA it was the first air-breathing jet p

33、lane.B it flew along the equator.C it flew at speeds smaller than five times the speed of sound.D it traveled at a supersonic speed.2.What kind of an engine did the Hyper-X use?A A jet engine that gets oxygen from the air.B A scramjet engine that doesn/t carry its own oxygen supply.C A rocket engine

34、 that carries its own supply of oxygen.D A iet engine that uses no oxygen.3.What is NOT true about the scramjet engine?A It goes slower than a rocket.B It extracts oxygen from the air that flows through the engine.C It works only at speeds greater than five times the speed of sound.D It doesnt carry

35、 its own oxygen supply.4.What did Werner J.A.Dahm of the University of Michigan say about theHyper-X test flight?A It indicated the birth of a very fast airplane.B It was self-powered,so it lasted only 11 seconds.C It can transportcargo quickly and cheaply to the brink of space.D It is a major miles

36、tone in the journey of making a new type of very fastairplanes,5.What has NASA planned to do?A To make another 11-second hypersonic flight at 10 times the speed of thesound.B To make three more Hyper-X experiments.C To retest the aircraft that is left.D To make the aircraft fly higher and longer.职 称

37、 英 语 理 工 类 阅 读 理 解 练 习 题 2弟 扁 Listening to BirdsongA male zebra finch chirps away to himself.Suddenly he notices a female bird,nearby:He realizes he has an audience and immediately changes his song.Can thefemale tell the difference in his performance?According to a new study,the femalezebra finch kn

38、ows.And she prefers the special trills he creates when he sings to her.A male zebra finch changes his song when singing to a female in ways that people canbarely detect.But the female finch can tell the difference.Scientists had noticed slight variations in the songs of male zebra finches basedon wh

39、ether they were singing alone or whether there was a female(and potentialmate)nearby.With an audience,the males sped up the pace of their songs andcontrolled the notes they used.For this Study,researchers Sarah C.Woolley andAllison Doupe at the University of California,San Francisco decided to focus

40、 attentionon the listening females,which have not been well studied in the past.In the study,Woolley and Doupe set up a long cage with a sound speaker ateach end.One broadcast the sound of a male zebra finch singing to himself,likesomeone singing in the shower.The other speaker broadcast a male perf

41、orming for afemale audience,as if he was giving a concert.Female birds were placed between the two speakers.Some of the birds hadmates,others didnt.The females shifted around a bit,and then most of themhopped over to sit beside just one speaker.All the birds that made a clear choiceliked songs meant

42、 for a female audience,even if theyd never met the male.Mated females also had a chance to listen to two different performance songs,one from an unknown male,and one from their mate.They spent more timelistening,to the concert version of their mates songs.This suggests that after a while,females lea

43、rn to recognizeand prefer-the songs of their mates.31 What does the first paragraph say about zebra finches?A Male zebra finches like to sing to female zebra finches.B Male zebra finches sing louder than female zebra finches.C Male zebra finches change their songs in female zebra finches presence.D

44、Male zebra finches like to listen to female zebra finches sing.32 What did the researchers find in their study of female zebra finches?A Female finches liked songs male finches sang for them.B Female finches only liked songs male finches sang for their mates.C Female finches liked to listen to songs

45、 from both speakers.D Female finches chose the best male singers as their mates.33 What is meant by“concert songsw in the seventh paragraph?A Songs sung by zebra finches at a concert.B Songs sung by male finches for female finches.C Songs sung by female finches for male finches.D Songs sung by male

46、finches to many female finches.A The sender of a message has a specific audience.B Male zebra finches sing to female finches.C Mothers talk to their babies.D Male zebra finches sing to themselves.35 Which of the following can best reflect the theme of the passage?A Chirping away.C Zebra finches and

47、their life.D Enjoying birdsongs.弟 笛 一 一 扁 筐 Media and Current EventsIn 1992,many people watched in horror as riots broke out on a sad Wednesdayevening in Los Angeles,seemingly fed by video coverage from helicopters.This eventwas triggered by the verdict（裁 定）in the Rodney King beating.We are now in a

48、n agewhere the public can have access to information that enables it to make its ownjudgments,and most people,who had seen the video of this beating,could notunderstand how the jury（陪 审 团）was able to acquit（宣 布 无 罪）the policemeninvolved.Media coverage of events as they occur also provides powerful f

49、eedbackthat influences events.This can have harmful results,as it seemed on thatWednesday night in Los Angeles.By Friday night the public got to see Rodney King ontelevision pleading,/zCan we all get along?By Saturday,television seemed toprovide positive feedback as the Los Angeles riot turned out i

50、nto a rally for peace.The television showed thousands of people marching with banners and cleaning tools.Because of that,many more people turned out to join the peaceful event they sawunfolding（展 开）on television.The real healing,of course,will take much longer,butelectronic media will continue to be