表语从句详解.pdf

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1、表语从句表语从句表语从句一、定义：1.表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。Eg:The problem is puzzling.这问题令人困惑主语 连系动词形容词作表语The problem is when we can get a pay rise.问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪.主语 连系动词一个句子作表语-表语从句2.连接表语从句的连接词有：that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how.He has become a teacher.他已经成为一

2、名教师。He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.他已经成为了他10 年前想成为的。She has remained there for an hour.她曾在那里停留了一个小时。She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。His suggestion is good.他的建议是好的。His suggestion is that we should stay calm.他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。The question is when h

3、e can arrive at the hotel.问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.谁与我明天将前往北京。why he cried yesterday.昨天他为什么哭。how I can persuade her to join us in the party.我怎么能说服她加入我们的派对。whether the enemy is marching towards us.是否敌人正向我们行进.二 注意：1.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。False:The question is when can he arri

4、ve at the hotel.Right:The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.2.不可以用 if，而用 whether连接表语从句(as if例外）。引导宾语从句时可以互换引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whetherif/whether位于介词后要用位于介词后要用whether,whether,位于句首时要用位于句首时要用whetherwhether引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whetherwhetherFalse:The question is if the enemy is ma

5、rching towards us.Right:The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.Right:It looked as if he had understood this question.3.不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。Right:The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right:The question is why he cried yesterday.4.that 在表语从句中不可以省掉

6、。表语从句的基本用法表语从句的基本用法:表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。名词性从句在 be 等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句.例如：The problem is how we can get the things we need.(how在表语从句中充当方式状语)问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。The scissors are not what I need.(what在表语从句中充当宾语)这把剪刀不是我所需要的。What I told him was that I would find him a good pl

7、ay.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what 在主语从句中作直接宾语，that 作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略)That is what I want to tell you.(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)那就是我想要对你讲的。That is why she failed to pass the exam.(why在表语从句中充当原因状语)那就是她考试不及格的原因。注意：注意：“That is why.”是常用句型，“That is why.”是常用句型，意为“这就是的原因意为“这就是的原因/因此”，因此”，其中其中 whywhy 引引导的名词性从句在句中

8、作表语，导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，又如：Thatis why you see this old woman before you know,Jeanne.(前文提到 Jeanne 对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异，说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括)。That is why I came.这就是我来的原因。下面是两个与“That is why.”形式相似的结构，它们与“That is why.”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：(1)“That is why.”与“That is the

9、reason why.”同义，只不过从语法结构上讲，“That is the reason why.”中why 引导的是个定语从句，将其中的the reason 去掉则与“That is why.”结构一样，例如：That is(the reason)why I cannot agree.这就是我不能同意的理由。(2)“That is because.”句型中从属连词because 引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为“这就是为什么/因为”。“That is because.”与“That is why.”之间的不同在于“That is because.”指原因或理由，“That

10、 is why.”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果，例如：He did not see the film last night.That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(第一句话说明结果，第二句话说明原因)He had seen the film before.That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影，因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果)例题精析：考题 1 The

11、 traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is“programmed”to make us do so.(2007上海)A.when B.why C.whether D.that答案 D解析 下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句，如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句子的意思。因此，应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。考题 2 You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is _ I disagree.(2004)A.why B.wh

12、ere C.what D.how答案 B解析下划线处的引导词引导系动词is 后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语(“disagree”属于不及物动词，“I disagree”本身是完整的主谓结构)，下划线应填入引导词where，表语从句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之处、我不同意的地方”。考题 3 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that _ you had a few days off?(1999)A.why B.when C.what D.where答案 A解析下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is 连用

13、的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语，下划线应填入表示“因此”(指因某种原因所造成的结果)的引导词 why。考题 4 _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.(2000上海)A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that答案 A解析 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语，特指她所不理解的事情，应填入关系代词型的引导词what；第二个下划线处表示“因此”(指因某种原因所造成的后果，由 why

14、 引导对应的名词性从句)而不是“为什么”(指原因、理由，由 because 引导对应的名词性从句)，应填入引导词 why。考题 5 _ made the school proud was _ more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.(2003上海春)A.What;because B.What;thatC.That;what D.That;because答案 B解析 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语，特指令校方骄傲的事情，应选用关系代词型的引导词what；第二个下划线处引导表语

15、从句表示原因、理由，应由 that 引导对应的名词性从句。考题 6 Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?Oh,thats _.(2003北京春)A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited aboutC.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited答案 A解析 A 选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的事物”；B 选项的意思是“我觉得激动的任何事物”；C 选项的意思是“我对它感觉的方式”；D 选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的时间”。四个选项中A 最适合跟

16、代表“game”的主语that 对应，充当表语从句。表语从句与宾语从句的关系宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句。宾语从句(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点语序:从句的语序必须是陈述句语序,即“主语 +谓语”这种形式。时态:当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,从句可以是任何时态,而当主句是一般过去时的时候,从句,从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态,即(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时)。连接词:当从句意思完整,主句意思肯定时,连接词用 that,且可以省去,当从句意思完整,主句意思不确定或含否定含意时,

17、常用 if 或 whether(是否),当从句意思不完整时,连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。表语从句在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。也是名词性从句的一种。如：What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。The The trouble is that we are short of funds困难是我们缺乏资金。This This is what we should do这是我们应当做的。That”s s why I

18、 want you to work there那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。His His first question was whether Mr.Smith had arrived yet他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序，即陈述语序。as as if,as though,because也可用来引导表语从句。She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事。It It is because you eat too much那是因为你吃得太多了。1.The question is _ we

19、will have our sports meet next week.1.The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A.thatA.thatB.ifB.ifC.whenC.whenD.whetherD.whether2 2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A.becauseA.becauseB.thatB.thatC.forC.forD.because ofD.

20、because of3.Go and get your coat.It3.Go and get your coat.It s _you left it s _you left itA.whereA.whereB.thereB.thereC.there whereC.there whereD.where thereD.where there4 4The problem is _to take the place of TedThe problem is _to take the place of TedA.who can we getA.who can we getB.what we can g

21、etB.what we can getC.who we can getC.who we can getD.that we can getD.that we can get5.What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.5.What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A.thatA.thatB.ifB.ifC.whetherC.whetherD.D.不填不填6.The reason is_I missed the bus.6.The reason is_I miss

22、ed the bus.A.thatA.thatB.whenB.whenC.whyC.whyD.whatD.what7.That is7.That is_ _ we were late last time._ _ we were late last time.A.thatA.thatB.whenB.whenC.whyC.whyD.whatD.what8.She looked _ she were ten years younger.8.She looked _ she were ten years younger.A.thatA.thatB.likeB.likeC.asC.asD.as thou

23、ghD.as though9.9.I fell sick!I fell sick!-I think it is _ you are doing too much.-I think it is _ you are doing too much.A.whyA.whyB.whenB.whenC.whatC.whatD.becauseD.because10.The reason why he hasn10.The reason why he hasn t come is _.t come is _.A.because his mother is illA.because his mother is i

24、llB.because of his motherB.because of his mother s being ills being illC.that his mother is illC.that his mother is illD.for his mother is illD.for his mother is ill11.11.He was born here.He was born here.-That is _ he likes the place so much.-That is _ he likes the place so much.A.thatA.thatB.whatB

25、.whatC.whyC.whyD.howD.how12.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.12.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A.whatA.whatB.whereB.whereC.thatC.thatD.whyD.whythat/whatthat/what 的区别的区别1 1_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies._your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are yo

26、uA.What;how are youB.ThatB.That；how you arehow you areC.HowC.How；that you arethat you areD.WhatD.What；how you arehow you are2.The trouble is_we are short of tools.2.The trouble is_we are short of tools.A.whatA.whatB.thatB.thatC.howC.howD.why thatD.why that3.America was _was first called3.America was

27、 _was first called“IndiaIndia”by Columbus.by Columbus.A.whatA.whatB.whereB.whereC.the placeC.the placeD.there whereD.there where4.China is becoming stronger and stronger.4.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_.It is no longer_.A.what it used to beA.what it used to beB.what it was

28、used to beingB.what it was used to beingC.what it used to beingC.what it used to beingD.what it was used to beD.what it was used to be5._he really means is _he disagrees with us.5._he really means is _he disagrees with us.A.WhatA.What that thatB.ThatB.That what whatC.WhatC.What what whatD.ThatD.That

29、 what what6.The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.6.The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.suchA.that B.which C.what D.such高考练习高考练习1 1 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that_ you had a f

30、ew days offIs that_ you had a few days off？（？（NMET1999NMET1999）A.whyA.whyB.whatB.whatC.whenC.whenD.whereD.where2.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella2.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella_I got wet through._I got wet through.（19981998 上海）上海）A.ItA.It s the reasons the reasonB.ThatB.That s why

31、s whyC.ThereC.There s whys whyD.ItD.It s hows how3.See the flags on top of the building?That was _ we did this morning.3.See the flags on top of the building?That was _ we did this morning.（0606全国）全国）A.whenA.whenB.whichB.whichC.whereC.whereD.whatD.what4.-Are you still thinking about yesterday4.-Are

32、you still thinking about yesterday s game?(2003s game?(2003北京春北京春)-Oh,that-Oh,that s _.s _.A.what makes me feel excitedA.what makes me feel excitedB.whatever I feel excited aboutB.whatever I feel excited aboutC.how I feel about itC.how I feel about itD.when I feel excitedD.when I feel excited5.What

33、surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.5.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.（20042004湖北）湖北）A.the wayA.the wayB.in the way thatB.in the way thatC.in the wayC.in the wayD.the way whichD.the way which答案答案 DBACCACDDCCBDBACCACDDCCBthat/whatthat/what 的区别的区别 DBAAACDBAAAC高考练习高考练习 ABDAAABDAA