职称英语考试A题.pdf

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1、2011年全国职称英语理工类（A 级）真题及答案解析 第1部分：词汇选项（第 115题，每题1 分，共 15分）下面每个句子中均有1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.1 cant put up with my neighbors noise any longer,it*S driving me mad.B.generateC.reduceD.men sure2.Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old peopleliving alone.A.equalB.imme

2、diateC.moderateD.IHI3.He was rather va ue about the reasons why he never finished school.A.brightB.unc learC.generalD.bad4.1 want to provide my boys with a decent education.A.specialB.privateC.generalD.good5.Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.A.pictureB.dangerC.evidenceD.ca

3、se6.Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.A.doubtB.reliefC.failure7.Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.A.loveB.surprisec|D.doubt8.Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.B.freeC.physicalD.regular9.1 enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very

4、 funny dialogues.A.boringB.originalC.humorousD.longlO.Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.B.spend.C encourageD.require1 l.He demolished my argument in minutes.A.supportedC.disputedD.accepted12.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.A.closeB.sellC.break13.Her fat

5、her was a quiet man with graceful manners.A.politeB.usualC.badD.similar14.The project required ten years of diligent research.B.socialC.basicD.scientific15.He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.A.necessaryB.terribleC.criticalD.normal第2部分：阅 读 判 断（第1622题，每 题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出

6、判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.California Gives Green Light to Space Solar PowerEnergy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality,now that Californiahas given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and ElectricCompany buy 200 megawatt（兆瓦）o

7、f power beamed down from solar-powersatellites beginning in 2O16.But some major chai lenges will have to be overcomed ifthe technology is to be used widely.A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites,which it says willuse radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Ea

8、rth.The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterruptedsunshine available in eosynchronous（与地球同步的）orbit.Earth-based solar cells,by contrast,can only collect sun.Light during daytime and when skies are clear.But space-based solar power must grapple（努力克月艮）with the high cost p

9、erkilogram of launching things into space,says Richard Schwartz of Purdue Universityin West Lafayette,Indiana,“If youre talking about it being economically viable orpower of the Earth,its a tough go.he says.Cal Boer man,Solarens director of energy services,says the company designedits satellites wit

10、h a view to keeping launch costs down.We knew we had to come upwith a different,revolu-tionary design,he says.A patent the company has wondescribes ways to reduce the systemfSweight,including using inflatable minors tofocus sunlight on solar cells,so a smaller number cancollect the same amount ofene

11、rgy.But using minors introduces other chaHenges,including keeping the solar cellsfrom overhea-ting,says Schwartz.1 You have to take care of heat dissipation（散发）because youre now concen-trating a lot of energy in one place,he says.According tothe companys patent,Solarens solarcells will be connected

12、to radiators to help keepthem cool.Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solarpower work,it is notexpecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy.Laws inCalifornia and other states requireincreasing use of renewable energy in comingyears,he points out.To meet those

13、needs,were go-ing to need all types of renewableenergy sources,he says.16.Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.Space-based solar cells could col

14、lect solar power only when skies are clear.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.0ne advantage of space-based solar power system is that it is economical.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2O.Inflatable minors are used to reduce the space-based solar power system.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.Space-based sola

15、r power will rule out other forms of renewable energysources.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.Many countries will grant permission for the use of spaced-based solar powersoon.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每 题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给

16、的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Natural Gas1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earths is afossil fuelsurface.lt（矿物质燃料），meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in theearth millions of yearsago.The main component of natural gas is methane（甲烷）。2 The popularity and use of clea

17、n natural gas has increased dramatically over thepast 50 years as pipeline infrastructure（基础设施）has been installed to deliver itconveniently and economically to millions of residential,commercial and industrialcustomers worldwide.?oday,natural gas serviceis available in all 50 states in theU.S.,and i

18、s the leading energy choice for fueling Americanhomes and idustries.Morethan 65 million American homes use natural gas.In fact,natural gas is the mosteconomical source for home energy needs,costing one-third as much as electricity.Inaddi-tion to heating homes,much of the gas used in the United State

19、s is used as a rawmaterial to manu-facture a wide variety of products,fiom paint,to fibers for clothing,to plastics for heahhcare,con-puting and fumishings.Natural gas is also used in asignificant number of new electricity-generating power plants.3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels

20、 emits lesspollution than oth-er fossil fuel sources.When natural gas is burned,it producesmostly carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）and water vapor-the same substances emittedwhen humans exhale.Compared with some other fbs-sil fuels,natural gas emits theleast amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted（燃

21、烧）,making naturalgas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of al 1.available.lt4 The United States consumes about one-third of the worlds natural gas output,making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world.The U.S.Department ofEnergyS Energy Information Ad-ministration forecasts that natural gas d

22、emand willgrow by more than 50 percent by 2025.5 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earths surface.The largestreserves of natural gas can be found in Russia,West and North Africa and the MiddleEast.LNG（液化天然气）has been produced domestically and imported in the UnitedStates for more tha

23、n four decades.Today,the leading importes of LNG are Japan,Korea,France and Spain.23.Paragraph 2 A.24.Paragraph 3 D_.25.Paragraph 4 F.26.Paragraph 5 B_.A.Popularity and use of natural gasB.Natural gas reserves and supplyC.Natural gas pricesD.Clean fuel of choiceE.Disadvantages of natural gasF.Natura

24、l gas consumption27.Natural gas is stored deep B_.28.Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source F.29.When manufocturing many products,people commonly use naturalgas E.30.l t is estimated that by 2025 that natural gas demand in the United States willincrease C.A.over the past 50 y

25、earsB.beneath the earth surfaceC.by more than 50 percentD.for more than four decadesE.as a raw materialF.fbr home energy needs第 4 部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3 分，共45分）下面有3 篇短文，每篇短文后有5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇How the First Stars in the Universe Came into ExistenceHow the first stars formed from this dust and

26、gas has been a burning question foryears,but a state-of-the-art computer simulation now offers the most detailed pictureyet of how these first stars in the universe came into existence,researchers say.The composition of the early universe was quite different from that of today,andthe physics that go

27、verned the early universe were also somewhat simpler.Dr.NaokiYoshida and colleagues in Japan and the U.S.incorporated these conditions of theearly universe,sometimes referred to as the cosmic dark ages,to simulate theformation of an astronomical object that would eventually shine its light into this

28、darkness.The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar-the early stageof a massive primordial star of our universe,and the researcherscomputer simulation,which has been called a cosmic Rosetta Stone.nsets the bar for further investigationinto the star formation process.The que

29、stion of how the first stars evolved is soimportant because their formations and eventual explo-sions provided the seeds forsubsequent stars to come into being.According to their simulation,gravity acted on minute density variations inmatter,gases,and the mysteriousndark matternof the universe after

30、 the Big Bang inorder to form this early stage of a star-a protostar with a mass of just one percent ofour sun.The simulation reveals how pre-stellar gases would have actually evolvedunder the simpler physics of the early universe to form this protostar.Dr.Yoshidas simulation also shows that the pro

31、to star would likely evolve into amassive star capableof synthesizing heavy elements,not just in later generations ofstars,but soon after the Big Bang.This geneal picture of star formation,and the ability to compare how stellarobjects form in different time periods and regions of the universe,will e

32、ventuallyallow investigation into the originsof life and planets,said Lars Hernquist,aProfessor of Astronomy at Harvard University and a coauthor of this latestreport.The abundance of elements in the universe has increased as starshaveaccumulated,he says,Hand the formation and destruction of stars c

33、ontinues tospread these ele.ments further across the universe.So when you think about it.al 1 ofthe elements in our bodies originally formed from nuclear reactions in the centers ofstars,long ago.Their simulation of the birth of a proto star in the early universe signifies a keystep toward theambiti

34、ous goal of piecing together the formation of an entireprimordial star and of predicting the massand properties of these first stars of theuniverse.More powerful computers,more physical data,andan even larger range willbe needed for further calculations and simulations,but these researchers hope toe

35、ventually extend this simulation to the point of nuclear reaction in.itiation-when astellar ob.ject becomes a true star.Dr.Yoshida has taken the study of primordial star formation to a new level withthis simulation,but it still gets us only to the halfway point towards our final goal.It islike layin

36、g the foundation of a skyscraper,said Volker Bromm,Assistant Professorof Astronomy at the University of Tex.as,Austin and the author of a companionarticle.We must continue our studies in this area to un-derstand how the initially tinyprotostar grows,layer by layer,to eventually form a massive star.B

37、uthere,the physicsbecome much more complicated and even more computational resources are needed.31.According to the first two paragraphs,the early u n i v e r s e.A.was governed by simpler physicsB.got fewer stars shinning in itC.star ted over 13 billion years agoD.was composed in a way similar to t

38、hat of today32.What can the state-of-the.art computer simulation tell us about?A.How the Big Bang occurred about 13 billion years ago.B.HowHcosmic dark agescame into existence.C.How dust grains and gases were formed after the Big Bang.D.How the first stars canle into being after the Big Bang.33.What

39、 does thenastronomical objectnin paragraph 2 refer to?A.cosmic dark ages.B.dust grains and gases.C.a protostar.D.the early universe.34.According to paragraph 4,what is NOT true about a proto star?A.It developed into a massive star during the Big Bang.B.It evolved from pre-stellar gases.C.It was able

40、 to integrate heavy elements when evolving into a massive star.D.It had a mass of one percent of the sun.35.According to the last paragraph,all of the following are goals of thesimulation project EXCEPTA.to know more about the mass and properties of the first stars of the universeB.to simulate the p

41、rocess of how the early universe beganC.to apply the simulation to the study of nuclear reaction initiationD.to discover the truth about the formation of a proto star第二篇The IcemanOn a September,day in 1991,two Germans were climbing the mountain betweenAustra and Ita.ly.High up on a mountain pass,the

42、y found the body of a man lying onthe ice.At that height(10,499 feet,or 3,200 meters),the ice is usually permanent,but 1991 had been an especiallywarm year.The mountain ice had melted more than iust usual and so the bodyhad come to the surface.lt was lying face downward.The skeleton(骨架)was inperfect

43、 condition except a wound on the head.remains of some clothes.The handswere still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simpleleather and cloth boots.Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark（树皮）and aholder for arrows.Who was the man?How and when had he died?Everybod

44、y had a differentanswer to these questions.Some people thought that it was from this century,perhapsthe body of a soldier who died in World War I,since several soldiers had already beenfound in this area.A Swiss woman who believed it might be her father,who had diedin those mountains twenty years be

45、fore and whose body had never been found.Thescientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older,maybeeven a thousand years old.With modem dating techniques,the scientists soon learned that the iceman wasabout 5,300 years old.Born in about 3300 B.C.,he lived during the Bronze

46、 Age inEurope.At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from anaccident in the high mountains.More recent evidence,however,tells a differentstory.A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder.lt left only atiny hole in his skin,but it caused internal dama

47、ge and bleeding.He almost certainlydied from this wound,and not from the wound oil the back of his head.This meansthat he was probably in some kind of battle.lt may have been part oi a large war,or hemay have beenfightiing bandits.He may even have been a bandit himself.By studying his clothes and to

48、ols,scientists have already learned a great dealfrom the Iceman about the times he lived in.we may never know the full story of howhe died,but he has given usimportant clues to the history of those distant times.36.The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainlyb e c a u s e.A.he was lying

49、on the iceB.two Germans were climbing mountainsC.the melted ice made him visibleD.he was just on a mountain pass37.What can be inferred from paragraph 2?A.The iceman was killed while working.B.The iceman could have died from the wound in the head.C.The iceman lived a poor life.D.The iceman was struc

50、k dead from behind.38.A 11 the following are assumptions once made about icemanEXCEPT.A.he was a soldier in World War IB.he came from ItalyC.he was a Swiss womans long-lost fatherD.He was born about a thousand years ago39.The scientists made the deduction that the i c e ma n.A.was hit in the shoulde