英语阅读理解强化训练.pdf

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1、英语阅读理解强化训练Aldous Huxley was a most unfortunate man.When he died in 1 963 he must have expired in the confident belief that theevent would be given wide coverage in the press the next day.After all,his career had not been without distinction.Wherehe made his big mistake was in dying on the same day t

2、hat John F.K ennedy was assassinated.As a result Huxley gotabout three column inches at the bottom of page 27.In the same way the death of Victor Farris has gone widely unnoticed because he foolishly shuffled off thismortal coil at the same time as Mr.K onstantin Chemenko.Now,as you all know,Victor

3、Farris was the chap who inventedthe paper clip.The paper milk carton too.And paper clips and milk cartons will be in use long after everyone hasforgotten the name of the comrade who came between Andropov and whatever this new bloke is called.The same goes for the inventor of the supermarket trolley

4、who died in Switzerland a few months ago.Felloff his trolley,so to speak,For all I know,he may be a household name in his own canton and they are putting up a statueof home wheeling his trolley,and are going to commemorate him on one of those ever-so-tasteful Swiss postage stampswe used to collect w

5、hen we were younger and wiser,1 but I doubt if his name will be remembered outside the bordersof his small country.Personally I forgot it within minutes of reading of his decease.Not that it matters.Somehow it is hard to imagine things like paper clips and supermarket trolleys having had anamed inve

6、ntor.Its like discovering that at a particular moment of history a particular person invented the spoon,or thechair,or socks.One assumes that these everyday objects just happened,or evolved through natural selection.It isnt necessarily so.I read only the other day that Richard II invented the handke

7、rchief.Almost everything elsewas invented either by Leonardo da Vinci(scissors,bicycles,helicopters,and probably spoons,socks and the Rubik cube aswell)or by Benjamin Franklin(lightning-conductor,rocking-chair,bifbcals)or else by Joseph Stalin(television).Its quite possible that Leonardo or Benjamin

8、 Franklin or Stalin also invented the supermarket trolley.Certainly ithas been invented more than once.Hardly was Herr Edelweiss(or whatever the Swiss chap was called)in his grave,th annews came of the death of Sylvan N.Goodman at the age of 86.Sylvan also invented the supermarket trolley or,as the

9、LosAngeles Times report calls it,the shopping cart.Be that as it may,Herr Edelweiss or Sylvan Goodman,or both,did a grand job and made supermarket shopping farless hellish than it would otherwise be.The next step will be to get the trolleys out of the shops and into the streets.Youcould put an engin

10、e in the front and call it a car.Or give it big wheels and a canopy and call it a pram.The possibilities areendless.Lit can be inferred from the passage that Herr Edelweiss.A.was remembered by the people all over world B.made a lot of money from his inventionC.was not very famous D.was a business pa

11、rtner of Sylvan Goodman2.The author writes this article in order to illustrate that.A.the names of the people who invented the most useful things are usually forgottenB.everyday objects are invented and evolve through natural selectionC.many everyday objects are invented more than onceD.many famous

12、people have passed away without being noticed3.Who probably invented spoons?A.Leonardo da Vinci.B.Benjamin Franklin.C.Victor Farris.D.A person unknown.4.By stating that Leonardo da Vinci invented helicopters,the author means.A.he really did it B.he is a military scientistC.he painted in one of his m

13、asteipieces a helicoptersD.people turn to ascribe inventions to him but they are wrong5.What can be inferred about Aldous Huxley?A.His death was not reported by the press.B.He was a famous inventor.C.He made a very big mistake in his late years.D.He died on the same day as John F.K enneddy.Vocabular

14、y1.canopy n.天篷 2.pram n.婴儿车长难句解析【解析】the same goes”解析为同样的事情也发生，例:The same goes for our classmates.同样的事情也发生在我的同学身上。w ho引导的定语从句修饰inventor。【译文】同样的事情也发生在超市手推车发明者的身上，他就在几个月以前死于瑞士。I M!a household nam e应译为“家喻户晓的名字”，2 个“and”连接3 个并列句。“for all I know”作插入语，译为“据我所知”。【译文】据我所知，在他的家乡他的名字家喻户晓，人们甚至为纪念他的手推车为他造了塑像，还将他印

15、在了我们曾经收集过的非常有意义的瑞士邮票上了。答案与详解【短文大意】正是由于发明家们的伟大作品，我们的生活才得以更加美好，但是，由于各种原因，他们的名字却并不为人们熟知。生活中有许多看似平常的东西其实都是发明家的杰作。1.C 推断题。虽然文中第三段对他进行了详细的介绍，但是直到第六段才第一次出现Herr Edelweiss这个名字，根据上下文可以看出他是瑞士人，刚刚去世。因为他发明了 supermarket trolley,在他的家乡人们以塑像和发行邮票的方式纪念他，但即便如此作者怀疑if his name will be remembered outside the borders of h

16、is smallcountry,而作者自己也在儿分钟后忘抻了他的名字。由此可以推断出Herr Edelweiss was not very famous(Edelweiss并不是Sylvan Goodman的商业伙伴，但他们都发明了超级市场的手推车。2.A 主旨题。作者在文中提到了几位人们所不熟悉的发明家，如 Victor Farris,Herr Edelweiss,和 sylvanGoodman,他们发明了像paper clips,milk cartons,和 supermarket trolleys等非常有用的日常物品，但是他们的名字常常不为人所知；人们更不曾记得是谁发明了 scissor

17、s,bicycles,spoons.,因此文章的主旨是称赞那些默默无闻的发明家，A 是最佳选项。3.D 推断题。本题的关键是对文中第五段第三句的理解，不能按照字面意思理解成Leonardo da Vinci发明了剪子、自行车、直升飞机、勺子、袜子和骰子，本杰明富兰克林发明了避雷针、摇椅和两用眼镜，斯大林发明了电视机，作者的本意是说人们只记得一些著名人物，却根本不知道是谁发明了这些重要的日常用品。4.D 细节题。达芬奇不可能发明直升飞机。答案应为D o人们只是喜欢把他想像成发明了很多东西的人.5.D 推断题。从文中第一段我们可以得知 Aldous Huxley 很有名(his career ha

18、d not been without distinction),但文中并没说他是个发明家；他的不幸之处是dying on the same day that John F.Kennedy was assassinated.报纸以大量篇幅报道肯尼迪遇刺，Huxley的死讯只出现在报纸第27版的末尾部分，因此D 为正确选项。.2.When school was out,I hurried to find my sister and get out of the school yard before seeing anybody in my class.ButBarbara and her frie

19、nds,had beaten us to the playground entrance and they seemed to be waiting for us.Barbara said,“So now youre in the A class.,She sounded impressed.Whats the A class?I asked.Everybody made superior yet faintly envious giggling sounds.Well,why did you think the teacher movedyou to the front of the roo

20、m,dopey?Didn t you know you were in the C class before,way in the back of the room?”Of course I hadn,t known.The Wenatchee fifth grade was bigger than my whole school which had been inNorth Dakota,and the idea of subdivisions within a grade had never occurred to me.The subdividing for the firstmarki

21、ng period had been done before I came to the school,and 1 had never,in the six weeks Id been there,talked toanyone long enough to find out about the A,B,and C classes.I still could not understand why that had made such a difference to Barbara and her friends.I didn,t yet knowthat it was shameful and

22、 dirty to be a transient laborer and ridiculous to be from North Dakota.I thought living in a tentwas more fun than living in a house.I didn,t know that we were gypsies,really(how that thought would have excited me then!),and that we wereregarded with the suspicion felt by those who plant toward tho

23、se who do not plant.It didn t occur to me that we were alllooked upon as one more of the untrustworthy natural phenomena,drifting here and there like mists or winds,I didntknow that I was the only child who had camped on the Baumann*s land ever to get out of the C class.I didnt know thatschool admin

24、istrators and civic leaders held conferences to talk about the problem of transient laborers.I only knew that for two happy days I walked to school with Barbara and her friends,played hopscotch andjumped rope with them at class intervals,and was even invited into the house for some ginger alea stran

25、ge drink I hadnever tasted before.l.The tone of this passage as a whole is.A.reflective B.enthusiastic C.impersonal D.defensive2.The narrator had most probably been placed in the C class because.A.she was a poor reader B.she had come from a small schoolC.the marking system confused her D.all childre

26、n of transient laborers were placed in the C class3.The basic reason why the people in the community distrusted the transient workers was that the transientworkers.A.tended to be lawbreakers B.had little schooling C.were afraid of strangers D.were temporary residents4.Which of the following is not c

27、haracteristic of Gypsies?A.Wandering around the world.B.Make ginger ale in their house.C.Never plant something.D.Had been foreigners wherever they go.5.Immediately after the narrator was moved to the A class,what was the attitude of Barbara and Barbara*sfriends towards her?A.Dislike B.Acceptance C.A

28、pology D.JealousyVocabulary1 .envious adj.嫉妒的2.gigglingn.傻笑3.subdivision n.细分4.transient adj.短暂的5.mist n.薄雾6.hopscotch n.跳房子游戏长难句解析【解析】and连接两个并列的句子。第一个分句中含有than引导的比较状语从句，注意主从句中时态的不同。occur to 译为 想到，想起”。【译文】Wenatchee的五年级比我以前在Dakota北部的学校规模还要大，在一个年级内分班这是我以前从未想到过的。答案与详解【短文大意】在文章中作者回顾了她童年时从低级班升入高级班的往事及这件事

29、给她带来的感受。1.A 主旨题。reflective在此意为：回顾的。在这个问题中tone意为：语气、心情。纵观全文，我们可以看出，叙述者是在回忆她童年时发生的一件事（第一、二、三、四段）及这件事的发生所给她带来的感受（第四、五段）。impersonal意为：不涉及个人情感的，客观的。defensive意为：辩护的，申辩的。这里并非是作者因受到指责而为自己辩护，本文主要谈的是人与人之间的歧视给作者当时幼小心灵带来的困惑。2.D 细节题。在文章第五段第六句，本文叙述者告诉我们，在所有生活在Baumann这个地方 帐篷里的孩子中，她是迄今为止（ever）从 C 班（低级班）升 入 A 班（高级班）

30、唯一的一个孩子。而生活在那里的人无固定工作，被称作“无固定工作者”（transient la b o re r,见本段第三句与第七句）。C 意为：记分体制（或方法）使之困惑。3.D 推断题。文章第四、五段指出，当地的人（农民：those who plant）用怀疑的眼光（with the suspicion）来看待他们，因为，他们住帐篷，“没有固定职业，像吉普赛人（gypsies：这里并非真指吉普赛人，而是指他们的生活方式像吉普赛人）一样游移不定，四 海 漂 泊（drifting here and there like mists or winds）。A 意为：很可能成为违法分子；B 意为：受

31、过很少教育。”4.B推断题 吉普赛人住帐篷，没什么房子，因而也不会在房子里做ginger ale。另外三项都是他们的生活特色。5.B 推断题。答对题的关键是准确地理解这个题。这个题提问的焦点是：叙述者刚刚升入A 班后（Immediately after-A class）,Barbara及其朋友对她是什么态度，而不是后来。仔细审视一下本题，我们就会得出这样一个结论：在叙述者介入A 班后，Barbara等起初是一种态度，尔后，她们改变了这种态度。从原文第四段第三句我们了解到：叙述者与Barbara等在那个学校上学至少有六个星期了，只是不知道A、B、C 班的分班基础。同时，在文章最后一段，我们了解到

32、：叙述者与Barbara等至少共度了两天的快乐时光，如，课 间（atclass intervals）一起玩，到她们家做客等。很明显，这两天说的是叙述者刚刚升入A 班。Desegregation of higher education has produced significant improvements in education for all Americans.Theopening up of segregated colleges and universities to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds came about

33、only asthe result of many forms of prolonged struggle in the courts,in the streets,and on campuses.J The efforts to open up higher educational opportunities for blacks in historically white institutions also led toexpanded opportunities for lower-and middle-class white students,especially at institu

34、tions that adopted“openadmissions“policies of accepting all high school graduates.Between 1 960 and 1 981,while the number of blackstudents between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four enrolled in college increased from 1 34,000 to over 750,000,thenumber of white students in the same age group grew

35、from just over 2 million to over 6.5 million.In 1 960 more than one-half of blacks attending colleges were enrolled at historically black,institutions.By 1 981 thatpercentage had declined to just 1 8 per cent.Most of the blacks enrolled in traditionally white institutions,however,wereat two-year com

36、munity colleges or at four-ye ar public colleges that were becoming or had already becomepredominantly black.Desegregation of higher education produced difficult problems for historically black institutions that had alwaysstruggled under great hardship to provide higher education for blacks when bla

37、cks had been barred from whiteinstitutions.J Historically black institutions,however,have continued to produce a high percentage of the mosteducationally and professionally successful blacks in the United States.Meanwhile,blacks in predominantly whiteinstitutions have achieved notable progress,but t

38、hey have also encountered various problems.College completion rates for young blacks have increased substantially,but they are only about one-half the rate foryoung whites.In 1 981,for example,1 1.5 percent of blacks aged twenty-five to twenty-nine and 21.3 percent of whites inthat age group had com

39、pleted college.Blacks continue to be substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the United States.During the early 1 980s blacks comprised about 6 percent of students in graduate school and medical school and about 4percent of all law school students.Blacks also received

40、about 4 percent of all doctoral degrees,but over half of thesedegrees were conferred in one discipline-education.In general,since the cry of“reverse discrimination“was raisedduring the middle of the 1 970s,black progress in higher education has been slowed and perhaps even reversed.l.What is the mai

41、n idea of the passage?A.Desegregation of higher education produced many difficulties for historically black institutions.B.The opening up of higher educational opportunities for blacks led to expanded opportunities for white students too.C.Blacks have been historically repressed in graduate and prof

42、essional schools in the United States.D.Desegregation of higher education has brought more higher educational opportunities for black and whitestudents alike.2.What can be inferred about the opening up of segregated colleges and universities?A.It came about as the result of a surge in the number of

43、students enrolled in higher institutions.B.It came about as the result of time-long resistance against racial discrimination against blacks.C.It came about when the cry of ureverse discriminationwas raised.D.It came about when efforts to expand educational opportunities for lower-and middle-class bl

44、ack peoplewere intensified.3.Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of the opening up of segregated colleges anduniversities?A.Black students were substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the UnitedStates.B.It brought a significant increase in the number

45、of white students.C.It created thorny problems for historically black institutions.D.The number of black students between eighteen to twenty-four years old enrolled in college greatlyincreased.4.After the desegregation of higher education black students are still unlikely to.A.get enrolled in tradit

46、ionally white collegesB.get enrolled in traditionally black institutionsC.complete collegeD.get a DoctorJ s Degree in science5.Which of the following is true about historically black institutions?A.The students in historically black institutions are no longer predominantly black after the opening up

47、 ofsegregated institutions.B.They created many problems for their students.C.They achieved notable progress even though they were under great hardship.D.The number of historically black institutions dropped in the 1960s and 1970s.Vocabulary1 .desegregation n.对种族隔离的取消2.prolonged ad j.长时间的3.predominan

48、tly adv.主要地4.bar v.阻挡,禁止5.encounter v.遇至lj6.substantially adv.在相当程度匕 很大地7.underrepresented ad j.被忽视的8.confer v.授予，给予9.reverse ad j.反方向的Indiscrimination n.歧视11.reverse v.调转,转向长难句解析【解析】此句的关键在于理清to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds”是用来修饰限定Theopening up)的。【译文】实行种族隔离的院校对不同种族和信仰背景的学生的接纳，是受到歧视的

49、有色人种在法庭上，街道上和校园内展开的各种形式的长期斗争的结果。【解析】此句中th at引导定语从句，修 饰 historically black institutions,w h e n 作定语从句中的时间状语从句。【译文】但是高等教育种族制度的废除，却给传统的黑人院校制造了新的麻烦，这些院校历史上 曾在困境中为给被白人院校阻止在外的黑人提供更好的教育机会而奋斗不止。答案与详解【短文大意】本文主要介绍了美国高等院校中的一项改革种族隔离制度的废除，这项改革给黑人和白人学生都带来了更多的受教育的机会。LD 主旨题。文章主题思想是在美国的高等院校中的一项改革种族隔离的废除，这项改革给黑人和白人学生

50、都带来了更多的受教育的机会。A、B、C 都是文中提到的内容，但不是中心的内容。2.B细节题。文章的第一段指出，原先实行种族隔离的高等院校对各个种族学生的开放是受到歧视的有色人种经过在法庭、街道和校园里长期斗争之后的结果。并不是因为入学人数的增加。3.A 推断题。在这样的题型中，有可能A、B、C、D 四个选项都是对的，但是有一个不符合因果的联系。在本题中，A 是应选的。因为虽然黑人学生在美国的研究生院和特种职业培训的高等院校中受到明显的歧视是个事实，但是它并不是开放高等院校的结果。4.D 细节题。文中曾指明黑人取得博士学位的比率极低，而且大部分是教育学博士。5.A 细节题。在高等院校全部开放以后