文化地理学(英文)课件.ppt

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1、Cultural GeographyPtolemys First World Map,circa A.D.150 Michael ReedOffice:Natural Sciences(NS)209 Phone:310-660-6016 Email:mreedelcamino.eduWeb Page:http:/www.elcamino.edu/Faculty/mreed/index.htm B.A.History,Brown University,1992 Geography Coursework,Cabrillo College,1995 M.A.Geography,SDSU,1999 A

2、ssociate Professor of Geography,Glendale CC,2000-2005 Instructor of Geography,El Camino CC,2005-present.27 jobs at last count,including tour guide,gondolier,waiter,newspaper reporter,N.Y.C.fashion executive,McDonalds kitchen crew,stereo salesman,shoe salesman,receptionist,and many others.My Teaching

3、 PhilosophyI try to teach this class the same as I would anywhere else.Community colleges should not be second rate.You are responsible for your own education,particularly now that you are in college.I am a guide,a helper,if you will.College is what you make of it.I consider my responsibilities to i

4、nclude fairness,honesty,and compassion.Most of all,I think it is my job to earnestly attempt to make geography interesting and fun,without making it frivolous.I promise this:if you take this class seriously,you will learn a great deal about the world.What is Geography?Organized knowledge of the eart

5、h as the world of people.Dave BaloghGeography is a representation of the whole known world together with the phenomena which are contained therein.Ptolemy,Geographia 2nd Century A.D.Geography is the science of place.Its vision is grand,its view panoramic.It sweeps the surface of the Earth,charting t

6、he physical,organic and cultural terrain,their areal differentiation,and their ecological dynamics with humankind.Its foremost tool is the map.Leonard Krishtalka,Carnegie Museum of Natural History,20th Century A.D.What is Geography?Geography is the study of what is where and why its there.Mike ReedF

7、ive“Key Themes”of Geography1.Location specific location,where?2.Place unique properties of a place3.Movement diffusion,communications4.Region an areas uniform characteristics5.Human-Earth Relationships human interaction with an environmentOkay,but what exactly is it?Well,its a way of thinking about

8、intellectual problems,both natural and societal,which emphasizes the importance of spatial relationships between culture and the environment.Take any social or environmental question or problem and ask yourself whether there is a spatial aspect to its answer.Chances are that space and place play a r

9、ole in the explanation of that issue.Mike Reed,Making It Up As I GoFor example:Why are so many plant and animal species becoming extinct at the end of the twentieth century?Why do there always seem to be been so many wars in Africa?How did human beings come to be in North America if they evolved in

10、Africa?Why are the largest animals still alive in Africa but not in Europe or North America,even though people came later to those regions?Why is corn such an important part of a traditional Mexican diet?Why are some beers known as India Pale Ales?Divisions of GeographyPhysical Geography Human Geogr

11、aphy Rocks and Minerals Population Landforms Settlements Soils Economic Activities Animals Transportation Plants Recreational Activities Water Religion Atmosphere Political Systems Rivers and Other Water Bodies Social Traditions Environment Human Migration Climate and Weather Agricultural SystemsGeo

12、graphy is a bridge between the natural and social sciences.Geography is a holistic or synthesizing science.The Geography of BreakfastTake a minute to write down all of the food and drink you ate before coming to class today.Breakfast FoodsFood Place of Origin Current Productioncoffee Ethiopia Tropic

13、soranges South Asia,India US,Mediterraneanpork China,South Asia Worldwidewheat Near East US,Russia,Argentinatea China Asiaoats Near East Temperate Climatespepper South America S.America,WorldwideTop Ten Coffee Growing Countries(Yellow)First domesticated in Ethiopia,coffee has come to be a major expo

14、rt crop for colonial countries and continues to provide much of the export income in these less developed countries.In Uganda,70-80%of export revenue is generated by coffee.Many issues are raised by the continuation of such colonial economics.COFFEEFieldwork:Geographers as Modern Explorers and Obser

15、versChina,2004Costa RicaNavajo Guide,Monument Valley,1997Shanghai,China 2004Rarotonga,Cook Islands,2002Cinque Terra,Italia,2001Mt.San Jacinto State Park,Idylwild,CA,2001Baja,1996Honolua Bay,Maui,Hawaiian Islands,2003Physical Geography Student,Zion National Park,Utah,2002Rocky Mountain National Park,

16、2003Milford Sound,New Zealand 2002Joshua Tree,2004Taos,New Mexico,2003Sugar Cane Field,Maui,Hawaiian Islands,2003Cadiz Dunes,Mojave Desert,2002Franz Joseph Glacier,New Zealand,2002Introduction to Cultural Geographyl Definition of Cultural Geographyl History of the Disciplinel Fundamental ConceptsWha

17、t are its elements?LanguageReligionFood ClothingArtMusicRituals and CustomsHow is it transferred?Parents to ChildrenSchoolingTelevision,Films,Radio,and InternetWhat is CULTURE?What is CULTURE?Culture is learned behavior that is passed on by imitation,instruction,and example.l Culture is almost entir

18、ely relative.Proper behavior shifts from culture to culture.l U.S.current problems:1)little shared culture;2)no one is teaching culture.l For example:sex education-Home?School?Note:experiencing another culture is useful for gaining perspective on your own.Harshest punishment in history?:banishment i

19、n“primitive”cultures.Geographic Importance of CultureGeographers study culture because it leaves dramatic imprints on the earth,both physical and cultural.l Language:a crystal ball into culture.l Religion:strongest determinant of ethics.l Nationalism and Bordersl Material Culture:tools,clothes,toys,

20、etc.l Architecture:Suburban garages vs.earlier porchesl Religion:affects societal choices;creates sacred spaceThe Cultural LandscapeThe result of the natural environment and all of the changes to it as a result of a particular culture.In other words,it is cultures imprint on the land.(Carl Sauer)l E

21、nvironmental Determinism:environment is primary determinant of culture.l Possibilism:humans are primary determinant of culture,within limits set by the environment.N.Y.C.Environmentally Determined?What about Bali,Indonesia?Key Concepts:SpaceLatitude and Longitude-a reference system designed to provi

22、de“absolute”location(as opposed to relative locations).A system used to designate space.l Parallels of Latitude l Meridians of LongitudeThe Geographic GridLatitude-angular measurement of distance north or south of the Equator.Range:0-90 degrees N or S1o latitude=approx.69 miles(25,000 mi./360o).The

23、Geographic GridLongitude-the angular measurement of distance east or west of the Prime Meridian.Range:0o-180o E or WMaximum value reached at International Date Line-180oKey Concepts:Toblers 1st Law of GeographyAll things are related.However,all other things being equal,those things that are closest

24、together are more related.Related Concepts:l Distance Decay/Friction of Distancel Spatial Interactionl MovementKey ConceptsREGION an area defined by shared characteristic l 3 Types of Culture Regionsl Formal-all members share a characteristicl Functional-defined by a node of activity and distance de

25、cay from centerl Vernacular-perception of cultural identityOverlapping Formal and Functional RegionsVernacular RegionsDiffusion The spread of people,customs,phenomenon,objects,or ideas.Four Types:Relocation Hierarchical Contagious StimulusUse these terms to explain the spread of:DiseasesPopular Musi

26、cDemocratic RevolutionsReligious PracticesSense of PlaceEvery place is unique.Imagine where you lived as a child.Where is home?Why and how do places take on meaning for human individuals?l Sensoryl Architecturel SymbolicWhy is each place unique?Key works:Place and Placelessness-Relph,1978Topophilia-

27、Tuan,Yi-FuSense of PlaceGroveland,CABourbon StreetWhat kinds of cultural values are reflected in each of these American houses?Gated community?Where are we?What values are reflected in each?What relation to physical environment?Mosque in Istanbul,TurkeyTimber House,SwitzerlandYurt on Mongolian Stepp

28、e Suburban Home,ChicagoHuman-Environment Interaction(Cultural Ecology)Successful cultures are those that adapt well to their environments.(Chaco Canyon,North Africa,Fertile Crescent,Easter Island)Chaco Canyon,New Mexico Easter Island,PolynesiaKey Concepts:Core-PeripheryCorel U.S.,Europe,Japan,Austra

29、lial Wealthyl Powerfull Controls Media and Financel Technologically advancedPeripheryl Less Developedl Poorl Dependent upon Core countries for:l Educationl Technologyl Medial Military EquipmentKey Concepts:Core-PeripheryGeography and Politics lTies to Military lRole in ColonizationlRole in Imperiali

30、smlRole in Cold WarlEthnocentrismlMasculinismForeign-4)Situated in an abnormal or improper place.5)Not natural:alien.The American Heritage DictionaryGlobalizationThe increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic,political,and cultural change.Economic globalization is happening fastest.Panama,1997End of Slides