职称英语b级真题及答案.pdf

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1、2009第 1部 分：词 汇 选 项（第 1 15题，每 题 1分，共 15分）下 面 每 个 句 子 中 均 有 1 个 词 或 短 语 划 有 横 线，请 为 每 处 划 线 部 分 确 定 1 个 意 义 最 为 接 近 的 选 项。1 Wou1d you please call my husband as soon as possible?A visit B phone C consult D invite2 We had a long convorsalion about her parents.A speech B question C talk D debate3456789Th

2、e chairman proposed that we stop the meeting.A statedObviously theseA lived onThere is alwaysA beatsB announcedC demanded D suggestedpeople can be re Ii ed on in a crisis.B depended onC believed in D joined inexcitement at the Olympic B maintains C matchesGames when an athlete breaks a record.D trie

3、sMary evidently is the most diligent student among usAll the pupils seem to be very cheerful.A happy B healthy C naughty D busyThe traditional paintings are exhi biled on the second floor.A laid B displayed C kept D storedShe stood there,shaking with fury.A misery B laughter C anger D cryA intellige

4、nt B beautiful C talkative D hardworking10 Porsislenl attempts to interview Garbo were fruitless.1112A Forceful B ReasonableC Continuous D FirmWhy cant you stop your eternal complaining?A everlasting B long C temporaryHundreds of buildings were wrecked by theA shaken B damaged C fallenThese painting

5、s are considered by many toA faithful B royal C genuineD boringearthquake.D jumpedbe aulhonlic.D sincere14 Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.A attraction B simplicityC power D rigor15 Ten years after the event,her death still remains a puzzleA mist B fog C mystery D secr

6、et第 2 部 分：阅 读 判 断（第 16 22题，每 题 1分，共 7 分）F 面 的 短 文 后 列 出 了 7 个 句 子，请 根 据 短 文 的 内 容 对 每 个 句 子 做 出 判 断：如 果 该 句 提 供 的 是 正 确 信 息，请 选 择 A；如 果 该 句 提 供 的 是 错 误 信 息，请 选 择 B；如 果 该 句 的 信 息 文 中 没 有 提 及，请 选 择 C。Radiocarbon DatingNowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique cal

7、 ledradiocarbon（放 射 性 碳），or carbon_14,dating.One key to understanding how and by something happenedis to discover when it happened.Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s by physicist Willard F.Libby at he Universityof Chicago.An atom of ordinary carbon,called carbon-12,has six protons（中

8、子）and six neutrons（质 子）in its nucleus.Carbon-14,or C-14,is a radioactive,unstable form of carbon that has two extraneutrons（原 子 核）.It returns to a more stable form of carbon through a process called decay（衰 减）.This process involves the loss of he extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus.In Libbys

9、radiocarbon dating technique,the weak radioactive emissions（放 射）from his decay,process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter,he decay rate is usedto determine the proportion of C_14 atoms in the sample being dated.Carbon_14 is produced in the Earths atmosphere when nitr

10、ogen（氮）-14,or NT4,interacts with cosmic rays（宇 宙 射 线）.Scientists believe since the Earth was formed,the mount ofnitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant.Consequently,C-14 formation is thought to occurat a constant rate.Now the ratio of C-14 to other carbon toms in the atmosphere is known.Mos

11、t scientistsagree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least 50,000 years.All 1 ife on Earth is made of organic molecules（分 子）that contain carbon atoms coming from theatmosphere.So all living things have about the same ratio of C_14atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues（组 织）.O

12、nce an organism（有 机 体）dies it tops takingin carbon in any form,and the C-14 already present begins to decay.Over time the amount of C-14 inthe material decreases,and the ratio of C-14 to other carbon toms goes down.In terms of radiocarbondating,the fewer C_14 atoms in a sample,the older that sample

13、is.16 Nowadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for dating age-old objects171819202122A Right B Wrong C Not mentionedThe radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years oldA Right B WrongAn atom of ordinary carbonA Right B WrongRadar is used to determineA RightRadiocarbonA RightThe C-14 inA

14、 RightB Wrongis reliableB Wrongan organismB WrongChasCtheCNot mentionedsix protons andNot mentionedcharacteristicsNot mentionedeight neutronsof radiocarbonin dating an object back to at least 50,000 years.The half-life of C_14 isA Right B WrongCbeginsCaboutCNot mentionedto decay when it diesNot ment

15、ioned25,000 years.Not mentioned第 3 部 分：概 括 大 意 与 完 成 句 子（第 23 30题，每 题 1 分，共 8 分）下 面 的 短 文 后 有 2 项 测 试 任 务：（1）第 23 26题 要 求 从 所 给 的 6 个 选 项 中 为 第 1 4 段 每 段 1选 择 个 最 佳 标 题（2）第 27 30期 要 求 从 所 给 的 6 个 选 项 中 为 每 个 句 子 确 定 1个 最 佳 选 项。Chimpanzees1 Chimpanzees（黑 猩 猩）will soon be extinct（灭 绝）.If the present r

16、ate of hunting and habitat（栖 息 地）destruction continues,then within 20 years,there will be no chimpanzees 1 iving in the wild.But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy（悲 居 U）.Chimpanzee extinction may also haveprofound implications（含 意）for the survival of their distant relatives-human b

17、eings.2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzeegenomes（基 因 组）match by over 98%.Compare this to the mouse,used as model for human disease in labtests,which shares only 60%of its DNA with us.In fact,chimpanzees are far more similar to humanstha

18、n they are to any other species of monkey.As well as resembling us genetically,chimps are highlyintelligent and able to use tools.These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimpsan urgent priority（优 先）.But there is another,more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.3 The chimpanzees tr

19、ump card（王 牌）comes in the field of medical research.Chimpanzees are sosimilar to humans that veterinarians（兽 医）often refer to human medical textbooks when treating them.Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas.In particular,chimps are much more resistantto a number of major diseases.

20、It is this ability that is so interesting.4 For example,chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV,the virus that causesAIDS.Indeed,their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has declined because they are soresistant.5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing（找 至 l

21、 j）the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequencediffers from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic codegives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases.This,they hope,will allow them to developnew and more effective treatments for the human forms of th

22、ese diseases.Such treatments could includethe production of new drugs or even the alteration（改 变）of the human genetic sequence.The recentlycompleted human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.23 Paragraph 124 Paragraph 225 Paragraph 326 Paragraph 4A Re

23、asons for HIV resistanceB Implications of chimpanzee extinction for humansC Effective AIDS treatmentD Genetic similarities between chimps and humansE Chimps resistance to HIVF Genetic differences between chimps and humans27 Chimpanzee extinction may affect28 There is a difference of less than 2%betw

24、een the chimp and29 Scientists suspect that genes.PlaY a significant role in protecting chimps from getting30 The discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpful toA some human disease treatments B some diseases C human survival D human genomesE key areas F healthier lifestyle第 4 部 分：阅 读 理 解

25、（第 31 45题，每 题 3 分，共 45分）下 面 有 3 篇 短 文，每 篇 短 文 后 有 5 道 题。请 根 据 短 文 内 容，为 每 题 确 定 1 个 最 佳 选 项。第 一 篇 WaterThe second most important constituent（构 成 成 份）of the biosphere（生 物 圈）is liquid water.Thiscan only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures,since water freezes at 0 and boils at 100.Life as we k

26、now it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewherewithin this narrow range.The earths supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity.The total quantity ofwater is not known very accurately,but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe t

27、o a depthof about two and three-quarter kilometers.Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans-about 97 per cent.The restis fresh,but three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains,and cannotbe used by Iiving systems until melted.Of the remaining fractional

28、which is somewhat less than oneper cent of the whole,there is 10-20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually onthe surface.There is also a tiny,but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is presentas water vapor in the atmosphere.Water vapor in the atmosphere is th

29、e channel through which the whole watercirculation（循 环）of the biosphere has to pass.Water evaporated（蒸 发）from the surface of the oceans,from lakes and rivers and from moist（潮 湿 的）earth is added to it.From it the water comes out againas rain or snow,falling on either the sea or the land.There is,as m

30、ight be expected,a more intensiveevaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land,but there is more rainfall overthe land than over the oceans,and the balance is restored by the runoff from the land in the formof rivers.3132333435Liquid water only existsA in the center of the ear

31、th.B on the surface of our planet.C in a very narrow range of temperatures.D in the coastal areas of the earth.The total quantity of water on EarthA remains almost unchanged.BC is decreasing constantly.DMost of the fresh water on EarthA is stored underground.B is inC is found in rivers and lakes.Dha

32、s greatly increased in recent years,is affected by global warming.the form of ice at thecomes from the rain.The word“fraction in the second paragraph meansPoles and on mountains.A a very smal1 amount.B a large area.C an important system.D a major source of informationThere is more of rainfal1A over

33、the mountains than over the rivers.B over the rivers than over the mountainsC over the oceans than over the land.D over the land than over the oceans.第 二 篇 AMind-reading Machineteam of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects peopleare looking at by scanning（扫 描

34、）whats happening in their brains.When you look at something,your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain.Differentregions of the brain process the information your eyes send.Cells in your brain called neurons（神 经 元）are responsible for this processing.The fMRI（functional Magnetic Resonance

35、 Imaging）（功 能 性 磁 振 造 影）brain scans could generallymatch electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at.Like cells anywhere else in your body,active neurons use oxygen.Blood brings oxygen to the neurons,and the more active a neuron is,the more oxygen it

36、will consume.The more active a region of the brain,the more active its neurons,and in turn,the more blood will travel to that region.And by using fMRI,scientists can visualize（使 显 现）which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-rich blood-andtherefore,which parts are working to process information.An

37、 fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain.The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks,looks at something,or carries out an activity like speaking or reading.By highlighting the areas of the brain at workwhen a

38、person looks at different images,fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brainactivity associated with different kinds of images.The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds ofpictures of everyday objects,like people,animals,and fruits.The s

39、cientists used an fMRI machineto record the volunteers brain activity with each photograph they looked at.Different objects causeddifferent regions of the volunteers brains to light up on the scan,indicating activity.The scientistsused this information to build a model to predict how the brain might

40、 respond to any image the eyessee.In a second test,the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures.Like before,their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image.This time,the scientists used theirmodel to match the fMRI scans to the image.For example,if a scan in the se

41、cond test showed the samepattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test,theirmodel would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples.36 What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes?A The magnetic system in the brain.B The

42、central part of the heart.C Oxygen-rich blood.D Neurons in the brain.37 The function of an fMRI machine isA to show how neutrons take in oxygen-rich blood.B to measure how dense the blood is in the brain.C to record how much oxygen the brain consumes.D to identify which parts of the brain are proces

43、sing information38 The expression highlighting the areas of the brain at work，in paragraph 5 meansA giving light to the parts of the brain that are processing information.B marking the parts of the brain that are processing information.C putting the parts of the brain to work.D preventing the parts

44、of the brain from working.39 The researchers experimented onA animals and objects.B fMRI machines.C two volunteers.D thousands of pictures.40 Which of the following can best replace the title of the passage?A Recent Development in Science and Technology.B Your Thoughts Can Be Scanned.C A Technologic

45、al Dream.D An Intelligent Robot.第 二 篇 Youth Emancipation in SpainThe Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with theirparents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.Around 55 percent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents homes,say

46、s thelatest report from the country*s state-run Institute of Youth.To coax（劝 诱）young people from their homes,the Institute started a“YouthEmancipation（解 放）program this month.The program offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.Economists blame young peoples family dependence on the precarious（不 稳 定

47、 的）labor market andincreasing housing prices.Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000.Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem,say sociologists（社 会 学 家）.Family ties in southEurope-Italy,Portugal and Greece-are stronger than those in middle and north Europe,said Spanishsociologis

48、t Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth:Key forUnderstanding”.“In general,young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around whichtheir private life is organized,said Minguez.In Spain-especially in the countryside,it is not uncommon to f

49、ind entire groups of aunts,uncles,cousins,nieces and nephews（夕 卜 侄/侄 子）al 1 1 iving on the same street.They regularly get togetherfor Sunday dinner.Parents tolerance is another factor.Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are waryof setting bedtime rules.A child can arrive home at whatever

50、time he wants.If parents complain he，11 put up a fight andcall the father a fascist,said Jose Antonio G6mez Yanez,asociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.Mothers wi llingness to do children，s household chores（家 务）worsens the problem.Dionisio Masso,a 60-year-old in Madrid,has three children i