中考英语初中中考英语语法被动语态的讲解,专项练习及参考答案.doc
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1、被动语态全解语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。一被动语态的时态:1.一般现在时的被动语态: am /is/ are +动词的过去分词2.一般过去时的被动语态: was /were +动词的过去分词3.一般将来时的被动语态: will be +动词的过去分词4.现在进行时的被动语态: am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词5.现在完成时的被动语态: have /has +been +动词的过去分词6.情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词 + be +动词的过去分词二被动语态
2、的基本用法:(1) 需要强调动作的承受者时The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the worldEnglish is widely spoken in the world now. (2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today .The problem is dealt with now .(3) 当说话人需要强调客观时It is said that she was a beauty when she was young .三主动主动语态变被
3、动语态的变法:口诀:宾变主,主变宾,谓变be done ,时不变,数格必须随被变。 注:1.主动、被动的时态要一致。 2.主动、被动的句式要一致。 3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。语态转换不被动语态的步骤1, 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语2, 把动词改为被动语态形式即be+过去分词。3, 原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。)以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,可以省略。4, 其它成分不变5, 被动语态中by+宾语的省略被动语态句式中的by+宾语表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者,但是在遇到以下情
4、况时,表示动作执行者by +宾语常常被省略。(1) 动作执行者不确定时Paper is made from wood .Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year .(2) 不必表明动作执行者时English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languagesFootball is played in most schools。(3 ) 动作执行者为一般大众时Both English and Spanish are spok
5、en in this area.一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式(1) 肯定式:主语+ was /were +过去分词+byIt was made in Beijing Renai Education Institute . (2) 否定式:主语+was /were + not + 过去分词+ byShe was not given a paniting by him .This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday .(3) 一般疑问句:Was /Were + 主语+过去分词+by ?Was it made of bamboo?
6、(4) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were + 过去分词+byWhat was is made of ?教你一招如果句子为一般现在时,主动语态用do/does ,被动语态用is/am /are如果句子为一般过去时,主动语态用did ,被动语态用was /were .由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式(1) 肯定式:主语+情态动词+be+ 过去-Water can be changed into ice.She ought to tidy up her bedroom-Her bedroom ought to be tidied up.You should buy a dictionary
7、 at once -A dictionary should be bought at once by you.(2) 否定式:主语+ 情态动词+not +be +过去分词+byYou must not take out any books .- Any books mustnt be taken out by you .They neednt look after the little child -The little child neednt be looked after (by them)(3) 疑问句:情态动词+主语+be +过去分词+byCan you use it ?-Can i
8、t be used ?常见的情态动词有:can,may, ought to, must , dare , need,should.主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:1, 当宾语是反身代词时 The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker .2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时 Does the pair of new shoes suit you?We will have a meeting .四特殊情况的被动语态:1.带双宾语的被动语态:动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)口诀:如遇双宾语,一般变间宾,若把直宾变,to /for 间宾连。1).give/pass
9、/show 与介词to 搭配。give sb sth sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb . 2).buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。buy sb sth sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb He gave me a book I _ _ a book by him. A book _ _ _ me by him .My mother made me a cake . I _ _ a cake by my mother A cake _ _ _ me by my mother .2.
10、带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态:动词+ sb + do sth .口诀:感使动词真叫怪,to来to去记心怀,主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。动词:make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch make sb do sth -sb + be +made +to do sth The boss made the workers work all day The workers _ _ _ work all day by the boss.3. see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时doing 不变。
11、I heard Tom singing just now Tom _ _ _ by me just now .4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时,不可丢掉后面介词或副词。We should take care of the old . The old should _ _ _ _ .五注意事项:1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态:last ,have ,own .belong to ,suitfine ,2.不及物动词是没有被动语态:happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳)3.系动词是没有被动语态:Look, feel ,sound ,sme
12、ll ,taste .The dish tastes good .4.有些词组没有被动语态:sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well This kind of skirt sells well.5.need表示需要时,后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义,相当于to be done .All the computers need repairing .=All the computers need _ _ _ .6.在tooto及enough to 结构中有时表示被动意义。The problem is too difficult to solv
13、e.六、被动语态与系表结构的区别: 一般说来,过去分词作表语的结构与被动语态在形式上相同,所以容易混淆除了主要从意义上加以区别外,这里提供几种辨别方法。 1从带不带 by 短语来区分 被动语态表主语的动作,绝大多数可以用by+动作的执行者构成by短语;而系表结构表示主语的特征或所处的状态,不表示动作。例如: The window was broken by his brother.窗子被他弟弟打破了。(被动语态) The window is now brother.窗子现在是破的。(系表结构) 注意:1)但并非有by短语都表示动作的执行者。例如: The house is surrounded
14、 by(with)trees and flowers.房子周围都是树木花草。(系表结构) 2)当然,过去分词后的by短语有时可以表原因、方式。应与表示行为者区别开来。例如: The bank is usually closed at six银行通常6点钟就关门了。(被动语态) The door was shut when I went by,but I dont know when it was shut.我们那里走过的时候门是关着的,但我不只道是什么时候关的。(第一个was shut是系表结构,第二个was shut是被动语态) Our blackboard is painted every
15、 year.我们的黑板每年漆一次。(被动语态 ) Our blackboard is newly painted.我们的黑板新漆的。(系表结构) 3)在没有状语的情况下,就得根据上下文的意思来判断。例如: The criminal was pushed into the cell and the door was closed.罪犯被推进牢房,门立刻关上了(被动语态) The door was closed, we couldnt get in.门是关着,我们进不去。(系表结构) 2系表结构一般只用于一般现在时、一般过去时;而被动语态除了用于这两种时态外,还可以用于将来时、进行时和完成时。例如
16、: The shop is (was)opened.商店正在营业。(系表结构) The work is being done.这工作正在做。(被动语态)Yesterday when I got there, the ship was being loaded.昨天我到达那里时,船正在装货。 Their work had been finished by the end of last month.他们的工作上月底已经完成。 Youll be shown around you room.有人会带你去看你的房门的。 He said the library would soon be built.他
17、说图书馆很快就要修起来。3系表结构中的过去分词可被very修饰,被动语态中的过去分词须用much修饰。例如:He was very agitated.他很激动。(系表结构)He was much agitated by the news. 他听到消息后很激动。(被动结构)4be+不及物动词的过去分词通常是系表结构,如:be gone, be learned, be ashamed这些动词通常是表示状态,智力活动或心态的动词。be+延续性动词的过去分词通常是被动语态,如:be loved, be encouraged, be praised 等。【语态命题趋势与预测】根据对语态部分全国各地中考试
18、题的分析可知,今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为:2.“get+过去分词 ”结构的用法【考点诠释】 一、各种时态的被动语态 被动语态由be+过去分词”构成,be随时态的变化而变化,高考对被动语态的考查通常从以下九种时态人手。 1一般现在时 表示现在或经常发生的被动动作时,用一般现在时的被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态由amisare+及物动词的过去分词(+by+实施者)”构成。【考例1The 01ympk Games _every four years. 北京市 A are held B were held Care holding Dwill ho1d答案A 。解析考查被动语态,根据句
19、意,“奥运会每四年举行一次”可见须用一般现在时的被动语态,故排除了B、C、D。In the art show,a lot of enjoyment _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings沈阳市A is giving B is given C will give D has given答案B。解析本题考查被动语态,句中a lot of enjoyment是动作的承受者。“在这次艺术展中,一些有趣的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友。”Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _in. ma
20、ny schools around the world. 南京市A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught答案D。解析考查被动语态。物作主语,一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性,不能用被动语态。 Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _as Peoples Writer.安徽A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards答案A。解析 选用一般现在时态的被动语态,表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。Usuall
21、y computers _to search the Internet. 吉林省A. use B. are using C. are used D. used答案C 。解析从句子看,电脑作主语,是动作的承受者,所以用被动语态,故选C。7-Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes. Our classroom _every day. 长沙市A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned答案C。解析考查被动语态物作主语,一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性,不能用被动语态。 2一般过去时【考点透视】表示过去某个时候发生的被动动作,用一
22、般过去时的被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态由“waswere+及物动词的过去分词(+by+实施者)”构成。【考例】一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? 一YesIn fact,it _.Thats all because of the people and the factories around黄冈市A polluted B was polluted C has polluted Dwas po11ute答案B。解析考查被动语态。物作主语,一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性,不能用被动语态。 -Our environ
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