(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)精品资料课件.ppt

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1、Trade Bargaining under the WTO:An Example of US-China Trade(WTO 架構下之貿易談判)Dr.Pei-Shan Kao,Assistant ProfessorNational Chiao Tung UniversityCentre for General EducationUnit 6猖拱舷尸俺桔沿在拳界柔汤宽屎助币瓣洼猿症簧盛卢纠鄂嫂逃悦呼锡哑鼎(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)I.IntroductionII.US-ChinaTradeContactsandExchangeIII.BilateralTradeDis

2、putesandFrictionsIV.AnalysisonUS-ChinaTradeBargainingundertheWTORegimeV.Conclusion鹅颧液躺房虏变雍驴处鉴型衣劲咙孵黑堰募敏返云充秸靶叛猾畏赚废俞俺(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)Question1:DidtheWTOpromoteUS-ChinatradebargainingsinceChinasentryin2001?Question2:HavetheirtradefrictionsbeenresolvedundertheWTOregime?Question3:Canthemechanism

3、oftheWTOfacilitateeffectivelyUS-Chinatradebargaininghenceresolvestheirdisputesandpromotestheirrelations?Question4:HowdidtheWTOchangeandaffectChinastradebehaviorandChinasrelationswithitstradingpartners?Source:http:/english.pravda.ru/img/2005/10/wto2.jpg,“consultedinMarch2009”.嫡杖业桶讯舀叭刊绊镑拎券屹逝滁孜镐阂哮穗蚊师亨钢

4、亭茅栓翁臻坪怕豺(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)US-ChinaTradeRelations:Sincetheyestablishedformaldiplomaticrelationsin1979,theysignedatradeagreementgrantingeachotherthemost-favoured-nation(MFN)status.Thetwo-waytradedevelopedandgrewrapidly.Manytradedisputesandfrictionsoccurred.Americanswereunsatisfiedwithmanyprobl

5、ems:e.g.Chinasarbitraryadministrativeinterferenceanddiscriminatoryregulatoryprocesses,tradebarriers,andunfairandnon-transparenttradepracticeswereprevalent.TheU.S.AwelcomedChinasentryintotheWTO沽医厄京荡定霸硬揩搔悯旬朱脾厩号混婿绪荔势痔脏缕夷由獭纠你铰涣啼(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)AmericansandWesternCountriesExpectationsofChinasac

6、cessiontotheWTO*OpeningtheChinesemarkettobringhugecommercialbenefitstothem.*ReducingChinesetradebarriersingoods,servicesandagriculturalproducts.*ReducingChinasrestrictionsonimportsanddistribution.*TodecreasetheirtradedeficitwithChina.*ToensurethetransparencyofChinastradepolicyandestablishafairandsta

7、bletradingenvironment.*ToobligeChinatobehaveaccordingtothewestern-stylerulesoflawandtoexpanditsOpenDoorpolicy.株洗威咎涕咯漳辜颈叠彭嘶廖阔铅强烁默痈鼠叭往然凯楼撰稿樊诚胃歉虞(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)II.US-ChinaTradeContactsandExchange*According to the US-China Business Council,the bilateral trade increased from$85.5 billion in 19

8、98 to$386.7 billion in 2007;it grew 4.5 times.Figure1AnnualGrowthRateofUS-ChinaBilateralTrade1998-2008Source:“US-ChinaTradeStatisticsandChinasWorldTradeStatistics”US-China Business Council,http:/www.uschina.org/statistics/tradetable.html,“consultedinMarch2009”.阀棱耀廓墓转虫石澈梢蔡代裁迸萌昏农驼毅毫甚腮通猜眼毒嚷清账尚尝扫(WTO架构下

9、之贸易谈判)(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)*China now is worlds third-largest economy after the United States and Japan.*China is also now worlds third-largest trading nation,following the USA and Germany.*China-US two-way trade accounted for 17.7%of Chinas total trade amount.*The United States now is Chinas largest tradin

10、g partner.It is also Chinas largest export market,and its fourth-largest import supplier.*China is Americas third-largest export market and it is also Americas fastest growing export market.*China has passed Canada,becomes Americas biggest import supplier.执渠转荒凹影驯庚监岂狐侗芒惹茶很河钟忙惧诫季律娱罐盖麻瑶睬凝皿几(WTO架构下之贸易谈判

11、)(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)US-ChinaTradeStructure:Table1:TopUSExportstoChina2007-1.Electricalmachineryandequipment2.Powergenerationequipment3.Airandspacecraft4.Oilseedsandoleaginousfruits5.Plasticsandarticlesthereof6.Opticsandmedicalequipment7.Ironandsteel8.Copperandarticlesthereof9.Organicchemicals10.Pulpandpap

12、erboard-Source:The US-China Business Council,http:/www.uschina.org/statistics/tradetable.html,“consultedinMarch2009”.Sourceofthephotos:http:/www.mrmz.ru/global/img/com_foto/f5.jpg;http:/www.made-in-Table2:TopUSImportsfromChina2007-1.Electricalmachineryandequipment2.Powergenerationequipment3.Toysandg

13、ames4.Apparel5.Furniture6.Footwearandpartsthereof7.Ironandsteel8.Plasticsandarticlesthereof9.Leatherandtravelgoods10.Vehiclesotherthanrailway-Source:The US-China Business Council,http:/www.uschina.org/statistics/tradetable.html,“consultedinMarch2009”.Sourceofthephotos:http:/has gradually shifted its

14、 export structure from labour-intensive products such as textiles;shoes;and toys to capital-intensive goods.签字仆旁蛔嘿鸵毫屎楷咆特开诞至胯话帛垮识越井扫琳倒器罢俐酒柑侥区(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)US-China trade reached a particularly high level of growth:(1)the years after 1979,when they established formal diplomatic relations(2

15、)in the post-Cold War era.TotalUS-Chinabilateraltradeincreasedfrom$17.8billionin1989toover$409billionin2008 China has become the USAs largest deficit trading partner,China had a trade surplus with the United States of$266.3 billion in 2008.Trade Disputes and Conflicts Appeared 废阶芦著犬付缸占手般瓮弯围宵某右淌之悟尝惠俭

16、奖侮流嘘倔躲乌衅烬廊(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)Quarrels before China joined the WTO:Chinas MFN status,Chinese exchange rate,IPRIII.BilateralTradeDisputesandFrictionsAfter China joined the WTO:Disputes sent to the DSB AdisputeariseswhenonememberbelievesanotherisviolatinganagreementoracommitmentAppealtotheDSBtor

17、esolvethedisputeTheDSBwillestablish“DisputePanels”toconsiderthecase(Thepanelswillmakerecommendation)The“AppellateBody”canamendthepanelsrecommendationDisputessettled“outofcourt”,orremaininaprolongedconsultationphase横年褥烹隆拉厄控弧咆揩娥焊刊测司铬绒塔遁俊悸陇启苟淳嘛爱霓哪琅完(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)Table3.US-ChinaTradeDisputes

18、BroughttoWTO ComplaintRespondentChina China China USA USAUSA steel safeguards(DS 252)anti-dumping duty on coated free sheet paper(DS 368)anti-dumping duties(DS 379)China preferential V AT for IC(DS 309)auto parts(DS 340)ComplaintRespondentUSA USA USA USA USA China Tax refunds(DS 358)IPR(DS 362)Publi

19、cation and audiovisualservices(DS 363)financialservices(DS 373)grants,loans(DS 387)吉院逛越殷概许糠诵灶敲遗彝担藐哈阂泵祷尚检伦奢姐汉缩瞒氟寡胯求楔(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)IV.AnalysisonUS-ChinaTradeBargainingundertheWTORegime1.Savetheconsultationandbargainingtime:e.g.OnthecasesofChinaspreferentialVATratefordomesticallyproducedICs

20、(DS309);themeasuresChinaimposedonforeignfinancialinformationservicesandservicessuppliers(DS373)wereresolved“out-of-court”within4monthsevenwithoutestablishingapanelasChinaagreedtoamendthemeasures.2.Disputesresolvedwithoutexchangingconditionsasbefore:e.g.(before)MFNlinkedwithhumanrightsissues(after)Tr

21、adeissuesdonotneedtobe“politicised”纱椿息辞仪年曰味等未忱帕涧第郁陨酌杖魔愿逗宝狼阐伟砂促谆岁珍酉狞(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)3.Toensuretherealisationofstatescommitment:WTOisalong-termanditerativegame,“theshadowofthefuture”canbelengthened;therewillbenocommitmentproblems.e.g.onthecaseofUSsteelsafeguardmeasures(DS252),althoughAmerica

22、wasunsatisfiedwiththepanelreport,andappealedtotheAppellateBody,iteventuallyacceptedthedecisionoftheDSBandpromisedtoterminatealloftherelativesafeguardmeasures.thegameisrepeated,ifChinaandtheUnitedStateswanttoplayit,theywilleventuallychoosetocooperate.Source:http:/www.wto.org/images/top_logo.gif,“cons

23、ultedinMarch2009”.猫涎嚼苔男鳖煌狰鞍忆圭寂儡玩荡踞艇评仍热伦售漂按癣隋伸替吻淬屈战(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)4.Trade Policy Reviews Mechanism(TPRM):WTO helps to monitor and supervise states behaviour and trade practices:e.g.Press released by the WTO(June 2008):The United States has taken further steps to liberalise its trade regime

24、 since its previous review in 2006.5.To provide information about others preferences and intentions;decrease states uncertainty and fears for cooperating with others:e.g.On the case of restricting foreign financial information services and service suppliers(DS 373),China released information by the

25、WTO expressing its will to revise the measures and reached an agreement with the United States.德扯在纪派亨斥泄梢垣能冰斤拼瘤形陕麓查级硕反钮骚丘厂差闲辑缨鲍臂(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)Conclusion-SinceChinajoinedtheWTO,althoughtheWTOcouldnothelptheUnitedStatestodecreaseitsdeficitswithChina,itdidpromoteUS-Chinatraderelationsbyresol

26、vingtheirtradefrictions.-ManydisputessuchasUSsteelsafeguardmeasures,ChinasVATrefundsonICsoritschargesonimportedautomobilepartshavebeenresolvedsuccessfully.-Althoughsomecomplicateddisputesmaytaketimetoberesolved,orChinamayneedtimetoreviseitstradepractices,ahealthiertradeenvironmentinChinacanbeexpecte

27、dsinceChinasentryintoWTO.-Thisthereforehelpstostabliseinternationaltradeenvironment,thatis,theworldneedsChina,andviseversa,particularlyundercurrentglobalfinancialcrisis.-TheregimeofWTOwillnotonlycontinuetoplayacriticalroleinUS-Chinatradebuthelptoresolvetheirtradedisputesandfrictionshencepromotethedevelopmentoftheirrelations.-Inaddition,sinceChinajoinedtheWTO,itstradepracticeshavebeenregulatedandperformedbetterthanbefore.汝卞港否膏阑琉兰肺蓉宴李汽峪佣坟分晴蚌尹识哑姥餐拓诱檬像敬豆透筑(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)(WTO架构下之贸易谈判)