英文人体系统解剖593839584.ppt

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1、The Reproductive System山东大学医学院 解剖教研室李振华Composition Internal genital organn Gonads(sex glands)manufacture the sex cells an secrete the sex hormones.n Genital ducts transport the sex cells from the site of production into site fertilizationn Accessory glands secrete the fluid External genital organThe

2、 Male Reproduce System 男性生殖系统Male internal genital organsGonad testis 睾丸n Paired,smooth,ovoid male reproductive organ,slightly flattened anteroposteriorly n Located in scrotumn Has a tough fibrous coat,the tunica albuginea,this sends numerous fibrous septules into the gland,dividing it into testicul

3、ar lobules that contain the contorted seminiferous tubules.Posteriorly the tubules form the rete testis and the efferent ducts,and open into the head of the epididymisn Produces sperm and secretes androgensGenital ducts Epididymis 附睾n Comma-shaped,with head,body and tail of epididymisn Located on su

4、perior extremity and posterolateral aspect of testis n Contains tortuous canal that extends from testis to ductus(vas)deferens in spermatic cordn Function the site of accumulation and storage of spermDuctus deferens 输精管n Muscular tube that transports sperm form epididymis to ejaculatory duct n Four

5、part:q Testicular part 睾丸部 extends form the tail of epididymis to the superior extremity of testisq Spermatic part 精索部 extends form superior extremity of testis to the superficial inguinal ring,the place where the vasectomy is performedq Inguinal part 腹股沟部 extends form superficial to deep inguinal r

6、ingsq Pelvic part 盆部 crosses the obturator neurovascular bundle and the ureter to reach the base of bladder,terminal part dilates,forming ampulla ductus deferentisSpermatic cord 精索n Extends from the superior extremity of testis to the deep inguinal ringn Contens of the spermatic cord comprise:q Duct

7、us deferendq Testicular and deferential arteriesq Pampiniform plexus 蔓状静脉丛 q Nerves and lymphatics q Vestige of vagina process q These structures are bound together by connective tissue and enclosed by the internal spermatic fascia,cremaster and external spermatic fasciaVasectomy Ejaculatory duct 射精

8、管n Formed by union of distal portion ductus deferens and duct of seminal vesiclen Passes through the upper part of prostate and opens into the prostatic part of urethraAccessory glandsSeminal vesicle 精囊n Paired sacculated,coiled glandsn Secrete part of seminal fluidn Located on posterior surface of

9、bladder,lateral to ampulla ductus deferentisProstate 前列腺n Lies behind pubic symphysis,between neck of bladder and urogenital diaphragmn Shape q Chestnut-shaped organ q Baseq Apex q Anterior surfaces q Posterior surfaces prostatic sulcus 前列腺沟n Contains of five lobesq Anterior lobe q Middle lobeq Post

10、erior lobe q Right and left lobesn Enclosed by a thin inner fibrous capsule(true capsule)and a strong outer envelope of pelvic fascia Bulbourethral gland 尿道球腺 two small pea-shaped glands,located in the deep transverse muscle of perineum,opens into bulb of urethrarteryExternal genital organsScrotum 阴

11、囊n Pouch of thin skin lying below the root of the penis n Divided into two haves by septum of scrotum,contains testes and their ductsn Deep to skin is dartos coat 肉膜,a connective tissue layer that contains many smooth muscle fibers which contracts in response to cold,pulling the testes closer to the

12、 body and wrinkling the skinAponeurosis of obliquus externus abdominisObliquus internus abdominisTrasversus abdominisTransvers fasciaParietal peritoneumExternal spermatic fascia精索外筋膜Cremastter 提睾肌Internal spermatic fascia精索内筋膜Tunica vaginalis of testis睾丸鞘膜 Parietal layerVisceral layer Vaginal cavity

13、Penis 阴茎n Consists of the root,body and glans penisn Containsq Two cavernous body of penis 阴茎海绵体q A cavernous body of urethra 尿道海绵体n Skin thin and loose q Prepuce of penis 阴茎包皮q Frenulum of prepuce 包皮系带Male urethra 男性尿道Three partsn Prostatic part 前列腺部 lies within the prostate and is the widest and m

14、ost dilatable portion of urethra.n Membranous part 膜部 lies within the urogenital diaphragm surround by the sphincter of urethra n Cavernous part 海绵体部transverse the length of cavernous body of urethraPosterior urethra prostatic part and membranous partAnterior urethra-cavernous part Within prostatic

15、part n Urethral ridge 尿道嵴n Prostatic utricle 前列腺小囊 n The orifices of the ejaculatory ductsThree constrictionsn At the internal urethral orificen At the membranous partn At the external orifice of urethraThree enlarged partsn At prostatic partn At bulb of urethran At navicular fossa of urethra Two cu

16、rvaturesn Subpubic curvature 耻骨下弯concave upwardn Prepubic curvature 耻骨前弯concave downwardThe Female Genital Organs Female internal genital organsOvary 卵巢Position lies in the ovarian fossa in the angle between the internal and external iliac vessels on the lateral pelvic wall.Shape an ovoid organn Sup

17、erior polen Inferior polen Anterior borderq Mesovarian border 系膜缘q Hilum of ovary 卵巢门n Posterior border free bordern Two surfaces medial and lateral Supporting structures of ovaryn Suspensory ligament of ovary 卵巢悬韧带n Proper ligament of ovary 卵巢固有韧带Produce ova and secrete estrogens Uterine tube 输卵管Ge

18、neral featuresn About 10cm longn Located at upper edge of broad ligament of uterus between the two layersFour partsn Infundibulum of uterine tube 输卵管漏斗q Fimbriae of uterine tube 输卵管伞q ovarian fimbriartery 卵巢伞n Ampulla of uterine tube 输卵管壶腹relatively wide,tortuous,longst part,thin walls;fertilization

19、 of the ovum takes placein its complex lumenn Isthmus of uterine tube 输卵管峡 straight and narrow portion,thick walls,it is the place where the tubal ligation is performed usuallyn Uterine part 子宫部 narrowest part,pierces uterine wall and opens into cavity of uterus by uterine orifice of uterine tubeUte

20、rus 子宫General features muscular pear-shaped organ Three partsn Fundus of uterus 子宫底n Body of uterus 子宫体n Neck of uterus 子宫颈q Vaginalparts of cervix 子宫颈阴道部q Supravaginal parts of cervix 子宫颈阴道上部q Isthmus of uterus 子宫峡 short constricted part,transition between the body and the neck of uterus,taken up b

21、y body of uterus during pregnancy,thus“lower uterine segment”Interior cavityn Cavity of uterus 子宫腔the cavity of body of uterus,is triangular in coronal sectionn Canal of cervix of uterus 子宫颈管the cavity of the neck,is spindle-shaped，opens into the vagina at the orifice of uterus 子宫口 Position n Lies i

22、n the center of the pelvic catity,between bladder,anteriorly,and rectum,posteriorly,usually it is anteversion and anteflexionn Anteversion 前倾 axis of uterus at 90o with that of vagina n Anteflexion 前屈 axis of body of uterus is bent forward with that of the cervix forming an angle of about 170o(body

23、of uterus is bent slightly forward at isthmus)90o170oSupports of uterusn Pelvic diaphragm n Surrounding organs:vagina and bladdern Ligamentsq Broad ligament of uterus 子宫阔韧带q Round ligament of uterus 子宫圆韧带 maintain anteverted position of fundusq Cardinal ligament of uterus 子宫主韧带q Uterosacral ligament

24、 of uterus 骶子宫韧带Broad ligament of uterus 子宫阔韧带n Mesosalpinx for the uterine tubes 输卵管系膜n Mesometrium for the ovary 卵巢系膜n Mesovarium 子宫系膜n Cardinal ligament of uterus 子宫主韧带 confer lateral stability to cervical regionn Uterosacral ligament of uterus 骶子宫韧带 maintain body of uterus in anteverted position

25、.Vagina 阴道n Flattened fibromuscular tube,about 8 9cm longn Extends upward and backward from vestibule to uterusn Fornix of vagina 阴道穹q Formed between cervix and walls of vaginaq Posterior fornix deepest and larger than either anterior or lateral fornices,and related to the rectouterine pouch Accessory gland n Great vestibular gland 前庭大腺q On either side of vaginal orificeq Open into vestibule at orifice of vaginaFemale external genital organsn Mons pubis 阴阜n Greater lips of pudendum 大阴唇n Lesser lips of pudendum 小阴唇n Vaginal vestibule 阴道前庭n Clitoris 阴蒂n Bulb of vestibule 前庭球