2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习--十一　推理判断-高考真题.pdf

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1、2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习专题十一推理判断Passage 1（2021 天津,C）In the fictional worlds of film and TV,artificial intelligence（AI）has been described as so advanced thatit is indistinguishable from humans.But what if were actually getting closer to a world where AI is capableof thinking and feeling?Tech company UneeQ i

2、s heading for its digital humans”,which appear lifelike on the screen not only interms of language,but also because of facial movements:raised eyebrows,a smile,even a nod.They lookclose to a human,but not quite.What lies beneath UneeQ5s digital humans?Their 3D faces are modeled on actual human featu

3、res.Speech recognition enables them to understand what a person is saying,and natural language processing isused to work out a response.Meanwhile,another AI company,Soul Machines,is taking a more biologicalapproach,with a digital brain,that imitates aspects of the human brain to adjust the emotions“

4、ffelt”and“expressed“by its“digital people”.Shiwali Mohan,an AI scientist at the Palo Research Center,is skeptical of these digital beings.Theyrehumanlike in their looks and the way they sound,but that in itself is not being human,“she says.Humanqualities also involve how you think,how you approach p

5、roblems,and how you break them down;and thattakes a lot of algorithmic（算法）design.Designing for human-level intelligence is a different attempt thandesigning images that behave like humans.She then continues,44If something looks like a human,we havehigh expectations of them,but they might behave diff

6、erently in ways that humans just instinctively（直觉地）know how other humans react.Yet the demand is there,with UneeQ seeing high adoption of its digital employees across the financial,health care,and commercial sectors（行业）.“Unless these sectors make their business models much moreefficient digitally,th

7、ey might be left behind J says Chetan Dube,UneeQs CEO.Some other companies are taking their digital beings a step further,enabling organizations andindividuals to create digital humans themselves using free-access platforms they provide.The biggestmotivation fbr such platforms is to popularize AI,“D

8、ube says.Mohan is cautious about this approach,yet she supports the purpose behind these digital beings and isoptimistic about where they9re headed.tAs we develop more advanced AI technology,we would then have to第1页 共158页use new ways of communicating with that technology,v she says.uHopefully,all of

9、 that is designed to supporthumans in their goals.”1 .According to Para.2,in what respect(s)do UneeQs digital humans,resemble human beings?A.In the way they move around.B.In the way they act and react.C.In observation and analysis.D.In speech and facial expressions.2.Soul Machines9 digital brain”is

10、a technological breakthrough because it.A.learns to make proper emotional responsesB.tends to imitate human beings tone vividlyC.recognizes the speech sounds it receives.processes the natural language it hears3.In Mohans opinion,what human quality is lacking in digital beings?A.Calculating brain.B.L

11、anguage skills.C.Instinctive judgements.D.Problem-solving ability.4.What makes many sectors employ digital humans?A.The fear of falling behind in efficiency.B.The urgency to promote e-commerce.C.The wish to spread digital technology.D.The need to upgrade the health care system.5.What does Mohan thin

12、k of the future of digital beings?A.Its well planned.Bits promising.C.Its uncertain.D.Its quite hopeless.答案语篇解读本文为说明文，主题语境是人与社会，主题语境内容是科技发展与技术创新。文章主要讲述了“数字人 的发展现状以及科学家对这种数字生物的态度。1.D 解题指导 细节理解题。根据题干中的“According t。Para.2”将答案区域锁定在第二段。解析 本题题干意为:根据第二段,UneeQ的“数字人”在哪个(些)方面与人类相似？根据第二段中Techcompany UneeQ is h

13、eading fbr its digital humans”,which appear lifelike on the screen not only in terms of第2页 共158页language,but also because of facial movements:raised eyebrows,a smile,even a nod,可知,UneeQ 的 数字人不但在语言方面而且在面部动作方面栩栩如生，即在言语和面部表情上与人类相似。2.A 解题指导 细节理解题。根据题干中的“Soul Machines，”和“digital brain”将答案区域锁定在第三段。解析 本题题干

14、意为:Soul Machines的“数字大脑”是 一 项 技 术 突 破,因 为 它。根据第三段中Meanwhile,another AI company,Soul Machines,is taking a more biological approach,with a“digital brain”that imitates aspects of the human brain to adjust the emotions“felt and“expressed“by its digital people”.可知，之所以说Soul Machines的“数字大脑 是一项技术突破,是因为Soul M

15、achines正采取一种更生物化的方法，使用“数字大脑”模仿人类大脑的各方面,以调整“数字人”“感受”和“表达”的情绪,即学会做出适当的情绪反应。解题技巧做细节理解题常用且有效的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案。要注意这类题会用同义转换的方式增加理解和定位的难度。此题选项 A 中“make proper emotional responses”与文中adjust the emotions”属于同义转换。3.C 解题指导 推理判断题。根据题干中的In Mohans opinion,what human quality”将答案区域锁定

16、在第四段。解析 本题题干意为:在Mohan看来，数字人缺乏什么样的人类素质？根据第四段中If something lookslike a human,we have high expectations of them,but they might behave differently in ways that humans justinstinctively know how other humans react.可知，人类只是直觉地认识别人的反应，而 数字人 的表现方式会不同，由此可推断出数字人缺乏人类的直觉判断素质。4.A 解题指导 细节理解题。根据题干中的“many sectors”和“

17、employ”将答案区域锁定在第五段。解析 本题题干意为:是什么使得许多行业雇用数字人类？根据第五段中Unless these sectors make theirbusiness models much more efficient digitally,they might be left behind 可知,许多行业雇用数字人类是因为如果这些行业在商业模式数字化方面不能做到更高效，就可能会被甩在后面，即对在效率方面落后的担心。5.B 解题指导 推理判断题。根据题干中的“Mohan”和“the future of digital beings”将答案区域锁定在最后一段。解析 本题题干意为:M

18、ohan对数字人类的未来有什么看法？根据最后一段中yet she supports thepurpose behind these digital beings and is optimistic about where theyre headed.以及随后弓I 用的 Mohan 所说的话可知,Mohan对数字人的未来发展持支持和乐观态度。第3页 共158页拓展延伸 作者或者文中人物的观点、看法和态度,常见的有三种:（1）支持、赞同、乐观。褒义词:supportive（支持的）;positive（积极的）;optimistic（乐观的）;enthusiastic（热情的）等。（2）反对、批评、

19、怀疑、悲观。贬义词:negative（否定的）;ironic（讽刺的）;critical（批评的）;disgusted（厌恶的）;disappointed（失望的）等。（3）中立、客观。中性词:indifferent（漠不关心的）;uninterested（不感兴趣的）;objective（客观的）;neutral（中立的）等。熟悉这些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语，对于做好这类题型非常有帮助。难句分析原句:Meanwhile,another AI company,Soul Machines,is taking a more biological approach,with a digital

20、brain”that imitates aspects of the human brain to adjust the emotions felt and expressed“by its“digitalpeople.分析:这是一个主从复合句。句子主干为 another AI company,Soul Machines,is taking a more biologicalapproach;that imitates aspects of the human brain to adjust the emotions fblt and expressed“by its digitalpeopl

21、e”为定语从句，修饰先行词a digital brain”。译文:与此同时,另一家人工智能公司Soul Machines正采取一种更生物化的方法，使用“数字大脑”模仿人类大脑的各方面,以调整“数字人”“感受”和“表达”的情绪。Passage 2（2021 天津,D）Art is everywhere.Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind to be both functionaland beautiful.Why,then,is art still so widely considered to be“

22、the easy subject“at school,insignificant towider society,a waste of time and effort?Art can connect culture with commercial products in a way that not many other things can;art generatesmoney and holds significant emotional and cultural value within communities.When people attend a concert,they are

23、paying for music,sure,maybe even hotel rooms,meals,and transport,but they also gain an incredibleexperience,a unique atmosphere and a memory that will go through the rest of their lives.People dont justwant material things anymore,they want to experience life-the arts are a perfect crossover（交迭）betw

24、eenculture and commerce.Furthermore,the arts can bring communities together,reducing loneliness and making people feel safer.Social bonds are created among individuals when they share their arts experiences through reflection anddiscussion,and their expression of common values through artworks in ho

25、nour of events significant to anations experience.The arts clearly have a pretty positive impact on physical and psychological health.It is found thatpeople who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health第4页 共158页compared to those who do not;more en

26、gagement with the arts is linked to a higher level of peoples wellbeing.The Royal Society of Public Health discovered that music and art,when used in hospitals,help to improve theconditions of patients by reducing stress,anxiety and blood pressure.Children who are involved with the arts make greater

27、 achievements in their educationrthose engaged withdrama have greater literary ability while others taking part in musical practice exhibit greater skills in mathand languages.Kids with preference for the arts have a greater chance of finding employment in the future.Participating in the arts is ess

28、ential for child development;encouraging children to express themselves inconstructive ways could help to form healthy emotional responses in later life.Vital to human life,art is celebrated and used by nations across the world for various purposes.Lifewithout art would be boring and dead still,for

29、art is a part of what makes us human.l.Art products differ from most other commercial products because.A.most people purchase them for collectionB.they are more expensive and less accessibleC.they have both commercial and cultural valuesD.their prices may climb up as time passes2.By sharing their ar

30、ts experiences,community members can.A.keep the community safe from illnessesB.develop a stronger tie between themC.learn to appreciate their own works of artD.offer honourable solutions to their problems3.What can we learn about people who are involved in artistic activities?A.They enjoy better liv

31、ing conditions.B.They like to compare themselves with others.C.They are particularly good at both music and art.D.They tend to be healthier physically and mentally.4.How does kids engagement with the arts benefit them?A.It promotes their academic performance and emotional growth.B.It gives them more

32、 confidence in exhibiting their learning skills.C.It inspires their creativity in designing their future career.D.It helps to make responsible people out of them.第5页 共158页5.What is the best title for this passage?A.How Art Cures Our Hearts B.Art:A Blessing to HumankindC.How Art Benefits Communities

33、D.Art:A Bridge Between Cultures答案语篇解读本文为议论文，主题语境是人与社会，主题语境内容是艺术与人类文明。作者主要讨论了艺术对人类社会的积极影响。1.C 解题指导 细节理解题。根据题干中的“differ fk)m”和“commercial products”可将答案区域锁定在第二段中。解 析 本 题 题 干 意 为:艺 术 产 品 和 大 多 数 其 他 商 品 不 同 是 因 为。根据第二段中的“art generatesmoney and holds significant emotional and cultural value within commun

34、ities.“可知，艺术不但能产生金钱，还拥有重要的情感和文化价值。故 选Co2.B 解题指导 推理判断题。根据题干中的“sharing their arts experiences”和“community members”可将答案区域锁定在第三段中。解析 本题题干意为:通过分享他们的艺术体验，社 区 成 员 可 以。根据第三段中的“Social bonds arecreated among individuals when they share their arts experiences through reflection and discussion”可知，通过分享，个人之间的社会关系

35、被创造出来了。文中的bonds对应选项B中的tie。故 选B项。解题技巧正确选项一般都是原文的同义转述，考生可以通过关注选项中的重点词汇的近义词，找到原文中相对应的词,从而选出正确选项。3.D 解题指导 推理判断题。根据题干中的“people who are involved in artistic activities”可将答案区域锁定在第四段中。解析 本题题干意为:关于参加艺术活动的人们，我们能得知什么?根据第四段中的“The arts clearly havea pretty positive impact on physical and psychological health.It

36、is found that people who frequent culturalplaces or participate in artistic events arc more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not”可知,艺术活动对参加的人的身体和心理有好处。故 选Do拓展延伸 The arts clearly have a pretty positive impact on physical and psychological health.此句中 have apositive impact on sth.=ha

37、ve a positive effect on sth.=have a positive influence on sth.意为:对某物产生积极影响。4.A 解题指导 细节理解题。根据题干中的kids engagement with the arts”可将答案区域锁定在第五段中。第6页 共158页解析 本题题干意为:孩子参加艺术（活动）对他们有什么好处?根据第五段中“Children who are involvedwith the arts make greater achievements in their education和encouraging children to express

38、 themselves inconstructive ways could help to form healthy emotional responses in later lifb”可知，这能提升他们的学业成绩和情感成长。题干中的 engagement 对应文中的 involved;文中的 greater achievements in their education对应选项 A 中的 promotes their academic performance。故选 A。5.B解题指导 主旨大意题。本题需要分析文章结构,并了解每段的大意。解析本题题干意为:本文的最佳标题是什么?根据文章结构可知

39、，作者先从第一段“不重视艺术”的现象开始谈起,在第二段至第五段中分别论述了艺术对于人类生活的积极影响，在第六段中得出结论“没有艺术的生活是枯燥死寂的,因为艺术是我们人类生活不可分割的一部分”。由此可见,艺术是人类的福祉。故 选B。难句分析原句:It is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely togain good health compared to those who do not.分析:It是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句,在这个

40、从句中who frequent cultural places为定语从句,frequent是动词，意为:常去（某地）;compared to those who do not为状语，其 中who引导的是定语从句。译文:据发现，经常去文化场所或参加艺术活动的人比那些不去文化场所或不参加艺术活动的人更有可能获得良好的健康Passage 3（2021 北京,D）Early fifth-century philosopher St.Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unlesssomeone asked him.Albert Ein

41、stein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending onwhere you measure it.Todays state-of-the-art atomic（原子的）clocks have proven Einstein right.Evenadvanced physics cant decisively tell us what time is,because the answer depends on the question youreasking.Forget about time as a

42、n absolute.What if,instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we relatedtime to ecology?What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏）of human life?Wereincreasingly aware of the fact that we cant control Earth systems with engineering alone,and realizing thatwe need to moder

43、ate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balance.What if our definition of time reflectedthat?Recently,I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping thats connected to circumstances on ourplanet,conditions that might change as a result of global warming.Were now building a clock at the第7页 共158页Anch

44、orage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers,which are sensitive to localand global environmental changes.Weve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continueto flow at their present rate.If the rivers run faster in the future on average,the clock will g

45、et ahead ofstandard time.If they run slower,youll see the opposite effect.The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics.It9s a sort ofobservatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时间框架）,and allows usto witness those cha

46、nges on our smartwatches or phones.Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Timewill live in harmony with the planet.Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time willencounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supportinggreener policies

47、.Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars,early agricultural societies also connectedtime to natural phenomena.In pre-Classical Greece,for instance,people“corrected“official calendars byshifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season.Temporal connection to th

48、e environmentwas vital to their survival.Likewise,river time and other timekeeping systems were developing mayencourage environmental awareness.When St.Augustine admitted his inability to define time,he highlighted one of times most noticeablequalities:Time becomes meaningful only in a defined conte

49、xt.Any timekeeping system is valid,and each isas praiseworthy as its purpose.1 .What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A.Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature.B.Everyone can define time on their own terms.C.The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.D.Time is a major concern of philoso

50、phers and scientists.2.The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to.A.present an assumption B.evaluate an argumentC.highlight an experiment D.introduce an approach3.What can we learn from this passage?A.Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.B.New ways of measur