21年高考[英语]考点：阅读理解（社会生活类）（原卷版）专项突破.pdf

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1、-c奋 斗 高 考 考 点 专 项 突 破 真 金 试 炼 备 战 高 考 高 考 考 点 I 专 项 突 破 专 题 2 0 阅 读 理 解（社 会 生 活 类）1.C【2020 江 苏 卷】For those who can stomach it,working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first,according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.Athletes and scientists have long k

2、nown that meal timing affects performance.However,far less has beenknown about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.To find out,British scientists conducted a study.They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwisehealthy young men,whose lifestyles are,for better and wors

3、e,representative of those of most of us.They tested themens fitness and resting metabolic（新 陈 代 谢 的）rates and took samples（样 品）of their blood and fat tissue.Then,on two separate morning visits to the scientists lab,each man walked for an hour at an average speed that,in theory should allow his body

4、to rely mainly on fat for fuel.Before one of these workouts,the men skippedbreakfast,meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast（禁 食）.On the otheroccasion,they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.Just before and an hour after

5、each workout,the scientists took additional samples of the mens blood and fattissue.Then they compared the samples.There were considerable differences.Most obviously,the men displayedlower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten.Asa

6、result,they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first.On the other hand,they burned slightly more calories（卡 路 里）,on average,during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most signif

7、icant,the researchers found.Multiple genes behaved differently,depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking.Many of thesegenes produce proteins（蛋 白 质）that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin（胰 岛 素）levels throughout thebody and so are associated with improved metabolic heal

8、th.These genes were much more active when the men hadfasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise,it may be wise to skipeating first.61.The underlined expression“stomach it“in Paragraph 1 most probab

9、ly means A.digest the meal easily B.manage without breakfastC.decide wisely what to eat D.eat whatever is offered精 品 资 源|备 战 高 考 2高 考 考 点 I 专 项 突 破 62.Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?A.Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.B.Their lack of exercise led to overweight.C.They

10、 could walk at an average speed.D.They had slow metabolic rates.63.What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?A.They successfully lost weight.B.They consumed a bit more calories.C.They burned more fat on average.D.They displayed higher insulin levels.64.What could be leamed from the re

11、search?A.A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.B.Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.C.Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.D.Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.2.B【2020 江 苏 卷】Sometimes its hard to let go.For many British people,that can appl

12、y to institutions and objects that representtheir countrys past-age-old castles,splendid homes.and red phone boxes.Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the ten*ible weather in junkyards（废 品 场）,the phoneboxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback.Adapted in

13、imaginative ways,many havereappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes,cellphone repair shops or even defibrillator machines（除 颤 器）.The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926.They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott,the architect of the Battersea Power S

14、tation in London.After becoming an important part of many British streets,thephone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s,with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to thejunkyards.About that time,Tony Inglis engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from th

15、estreets and sell them out.But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himself,with the idea of repairing and sellingthem.He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historicbuildings.As Inglis and,later other businessmen,got to work,repurpo

16、sed phone boxes began reappearing in cities andvillages as people found new uses for them.Today,they are once again a familiar sight,playing roles that are often精 品 资 源|备 战 高 考 3高 考 考 点 I 专 项 突 破 just as important for the community as their original purpose.In rural areas,where ambulances can take a

17、 relatively long time to arrive,the phone boxes have taken on alifesaving role.Local organizations can adopt them for 1 pound,and install defibrillators to help in emergencies.Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities.LoveFone,a company that advocatesrepairing cellphones r

18、ather than abandoning them,opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.The tiny shops made economic sense,according to Robert Kerr,a founder of LoveFone.He said that one of theboxes generated around$13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about$400 to rent.Inglis said phone boxes called to

19、mind an age when things were built to last.14tlike what they are to people,andI enjoy bringing things back,“he said.58.The phone boxes are making a c o m e b a c k.A.to form a beautiful sight of the cityB.to improve telecommunications servicesC.to remind people of a historical periodD.to meet the re

20、quirement of green economy59.Why did the phone boxes begin to go out of service in the 1980s?A.They were not well-designed.B.They provided bad services.C.They had too short a history.D.They lost to new technologies.60.The phone boxes are becoming popular mainly because o f.A.their new appearance and

21、 lower prices B.the push of the local organizationsC.their changed roles and functions D.the big funding of the businessmen3.C【2020 天 津 卷】After years of observing human nature,I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men ofgreat achievement and men of average performance curiosi

22、ty and discontent.I have never known an outstanding manwho lacked either.And I have never known an average man who had both.The two belong together.Together,these deep human urges（驱 策 力）count for much more that ambition.Galileo was not merelyambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from

23、the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to theground.Like Galileo,all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent,ctWhy?Why?Why?Fortunately,curiosity and discontent dont have to be learned.We are bom with them and need only recapturethem.“The great man,said Mencius（孟 子）,“i

24、s he who does not lose his childs heart.Yet most of us do lose it.We精 品 资 源|备 战 高 考 4高 考 考 点 I 专 项 突 破 stop asking questions.We stop challenging custom.We just follow the crowd.And the crowd desires restful average.It encourages us to occupy our own little corner,to avoid foolish leaps into the dark

25、,to be satisfied.Most of us meet new people,and new ideas,with hesitation.But once having met and liked them,we think howterrible it would have been,had we missed the chance.We will probably have to force ourselves to waken ourcuriosity and discontent and keep them awake.How should you start?Modestl

26、y,so as not to become discouraged.I think of one friend who couldnt arrangeflowers to satisfy herself.She was curious about how the experts did it.How she is one of the experts,writing bookson flower arrangement.One way to begin is to answer your own excuses.You havent any special ability?Most peopl

27、e dont;there areonly a few geniuses.You havent any time?Thats good,because ifs always the people with no time who get thingsdone.Harriet Stowe,mother of six,wrote parts of Uncle Tom s Cabin while cooking.Youre too old?Remember thatThomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel,and that Gran

28、dma Moses showed her first pictures whenshe was 78.However you start,remember there is no better time to start than right now,fbr youU never be more alive thanyou are at this moment.51.In writing Paragraph 1,the author aims t o.A.propose a definitionB.make a comparisonC.reach a conclusionD.present a

29、n argument52.What does the example of Galileo tell us?A.Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.B.Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.C.Creativity results from challenging authority.D.Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.53.What can you do to recapture curiosity and discont

30、ent?A.Observe the unknown around you.B.Develop a questioning mind.C.Lead a lite of adventure.D.Follow the fashion.精 品 资 源|备 战 高 考 5高 考 考 点 I 专 项 突 破 54.What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?A.Gaining success helps you become an expert.B.The genius tends to get things done creatively.C.Lack of ta

31、lent and time is no reason for taking no action.D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection.55.What could be the best tile or the passage?A.Curious Minds Never Feel ContentedB.Reflections on Human NatureC.The Keys to AchievementD.Never Too Late to Learn4.A【2020 天 津 卷】“They tell me that yo

32、ud like to make a statue（塑 像）of me-is that correct,Miss Vinnie Ream?The deep,gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl.Asking a favor of the President of the United States was nocasual matter,especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.“Yes,sir,she replied,her dark eyes meeting his.I wouldnt have duo a

33、sk you,but my teacher,Mr.Mills,saysI am ready.I plan to make it in an admirable manner.4 4President Lincoln smiled.Painters,sculptors-theye all tried to make the best of this ordinary face,but Imafraid theres not much hope.What did you have in mind,Miss Ream?A bust（半 身 像）?”Before Vinnie could say ye

34、s,the President hurried on,a shade of apology in his voice.“Of course-I shouldnt have asked.A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman yoursize.Vinnies face turned red.She realized she looked like a child,with her tiny figure.Small does not mean weak,sir,“she defended herse

35、lf.was bom in the country of Wisconsin.Tve driven teams of horses and carried water.Making a full-length clay（粘 土）figure would not exhaust my strength-and that is what I intend to do!”The Presidents eyes,brightened at her show of spirit.uSorry,madam,I have underestimated you as I didntknow your back

36、ground.But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers,in thought.Miss Ream,he sighed,Td like to letyou do it,but as you know,we are in the middle of a war.How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpturenow?I hardly have a minute to myself.Vinnie glanced around and noted the

37、size of his office.work quickly,she said.Her voice was soft but精 品 资 源|备 战 高 考 6高 考 考 点 I 专 项 突 破 confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows.t4If I were to bring my clay here and work fbr three hoursevery afternoon,I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”The Pre

38、sident seemed to consider her idea seriously.He got up and shook Vinnies hand warmly,Ive heard thatyou are a talented young woman,and I have found you charming and intelligent as well.I cannot make my decisionimmediately,but you will hear from me soon.The very next day,Vinnie received an invitation

39、from the President.41.What gave Vinnie confidence to make her request of President Lincoln?A.Her aggressive personality.B.Mr.Millss encouraging remark.C.President Lincolns gentle voice.D.Her interest in a challenging job.42.How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnies request?A.Pleased.B.Thril

40、led.C.Regretful.D.Doubtful.43.Vinnie confirmed her ability to make a full-length statue by h i g h l i g h t i n g.A.her experience from other projectsB.her innocent childhood in the countryC.the heavy labor she had done beforeD.the skill she picked up in Wisconsin44.Vinnie wanted to choose the corn

41、er near the windows t o.A.achieve effects of natural lightingB.keep all her tools within easy reachC.observe the President at a right angleD.avoid disturbing the presidents work45.What message does the story convey?A.A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.B.Experience helps to promote excellence.C.

42、Ups and downs make one strong.精 品 资 源|备 战 高 考 7高 考 考 点 I 专 项 突 破 D.Devotion requires enthusiasm.5.D【2020全 国 新 高 考 H 山 东 卷】According to a recent study in the Journal o f Consumer Research,both the size and consumption habitsof our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existi

43、ng research that says you shouldavoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份），its the beanpoles with big appetites you really needto avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conducted two experiments.In the first,95 undergraduate women were individ

44、ually invited into a lab to ostensibly俵 面 二）participate in a study aboutmovie viewership.Before the film began,each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.An actor hired by theresearchers grabbed her food first.In her natural state,the actor weighed 105 pounds.But in half the cases she worea spe

45、cially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.The participants followed suit,takingmore food than they normally would have.However,they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test,in o

46、ne case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.In the other case,she took 30 pieces.The results were similar to the first test:the participants followed suit but took significantlymore candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extrem

47、ely influential when were making decisions.If this fellowparticipant is going to eat more,so will I.Call it the Ill have what shes having effect.However,well adjust theinfluence.If an overweight person is having a large portion,Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of hiseating habits.But if

48、 a thin person eats a lot,Ill follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim,why cant I?12.What is the recent study mainly about?A.Food safety.B.Movie viewership.C.Consumer demand.D.Eating behavior.13.What does the underlined word“beanpoles“in paragraph 1 refer to?A.Big eaters.B.Overweight persons.C.P

49、icky eaters.D.Tall thin persons.14.Why did the researchers hire the actor?A.To see how she would affect the participants.B.To test if the participants could recognize her.C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.精 品 资 源|备 战 高 考 8高 考 考 点 I 专 项 突 破 D.To study why she could keep her weight down

50、.15.On what basis do we“adjust the influence“according to the last paragraph?A.How hungry we are.B.How slim we want to be.C.How we perceive others.D.How we feel about the food.6.B【2020浙 江 卷】The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue,Washington,generally dont flash the same length ofgre