中考英语复习：任务型阅读.pdf

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1、中考英语任务型阅读一、什么是任务型阅读任务型阅读是“阅读理解”的另一种形式，考查学生归纳概括能力和语篇结构理解能力。其内容涉及广泛，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，完成一项任务或解决一个问题。所 以“任务型阅读”是介于阅读理解和写作之间，其任务已不同于阅读理解中的选择题或书面表达，而是在理解文字的基础上，完成相应图表或文字练习,从而有效地测试学生用英语“做事”的能力。二、中考任务型阅读试题回顾（）2013年中考阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题并按要求完成第105题。For Luo Xinying,sharing a textbook with a classmate is not a probl

2、em at all.The15-year-old feels happy to be back to class.A total of 355 schools in Ya9an,Sichuan province,wer e closed after the7.0 magnitude（级）earthquake struck the area on the morning of April 20,2013.Luo,along with thousands of students in the earthquake-hit area,will take the highschool entrance

3、 examination from June 12 to 14.The teen goes to Longmen Chenyang Hope School,the largest school in Longmen Village,Lushan County.Nearly 80 students at the school went back to class in a tent on April 25.The village is among the hardest hit by the earthquake.Students elsewhere in theearthquake-hit a

4、rea returned to class the day before.Students who face college or high schoolentrance exams were first to come back.Some students are worried about the high school entrance exam and they are frightenedof aftershocks（余震）all the time.Schools in the earthquake hit area have offered crisis counseling（灾后

5、心理辅导）to thosestudents who need help.X.任 务 型 阅 读（共 5 小题；每小题2 分，满 分 10分）101.How does Luo Xiny ing feel when he/she is back to class?102.How many schools in Yaan,Sichuan province were closed after the earthquake?103.When will Luo take the high school entrance examination?104.Longmen is one of the harde

6、st earthquake-hit villages,isnt it?105.请将划线句子翻译成汉语（二）2014年中考X.任 务 型 阅 读（共 5 小题；每小题2 分，满 分 10分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题，并按要求完成第105题。Should Shanghai bid fbr（申办）the Summer Olympics in 2028?Here are some peoplesopinions.Some people said,“the games will improve Shanghai global influence and the city ispowerful

7、and must try to become a platfbrm（平台）for major international dialogues.Shanghaihas succeeded in holding the World Expo in 2010 and the city can also hold a successfulSummer Olympics.Others,however,are not sure that its a good idea.They think the Olympics would be tooexpensive and the money could be

8、better spent on other things.The 2008 Beijing Olympics brought much prestige（声望）to the city and to China,but itscost,over$40 million,was high and the Olympic site（场地）in the center of the city is nowlargely unused.Could Shanghai learn from Beijings experience and do it better?My answer is yes.As one

9、American said,“A great city has to do great things.Shanghaiis a great city and is not af?aid of facing challenges.Holding the 2028 Summer Olympicswould prove that.101.When did Shanghai hold the World Expo?102.Why dont some people agree to bid for the 2028 Summer Olympics?103.How much did the 2008 Be

10、ijing Olympics cost?104.Does the writer agree to Shanghais bidding?105.请将划线句子翻译成汉语。（三）2015年中考X.任 务 型 阅 读（共 5 小题；每小题2 分，满 分 10分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答91-94题，并按要求完成第95题。Do you know what are the worlds tallest animals?How do they sleep and drink?You may think its difficult fbr them to sleep,but they have no s

11、uch problems becausegiraffes dont often stop fbr a snooze.As they are so tall-males can grow up to 18 feet,giraffesactually have the shortest sleep requirement of mammals,with an average of half an hour a day.When they sleep,they seldom lie down and sleep fbr minutes at a time,since it5s difficult f

12、orthem to get up again and its dangerous in the wild.But the giraffe in the zoo sleeps around 4.6hours per day,mostly at night.It usually sleeps lying down.Drinking water may cause problems for the animals because their long necks are tooshort to reach the ground.To drink they must spread their legs

13、 in an uncomfortable position,which makes them easily hunted by other animals like Africa big cats.As a result、they getmost of their water fh）m the plants that they eat.They only need to drink water every fewdays.91.How long do giraffes living in the wild sleep every day?92.How does the giraffe in t

14、he zoo usually sleep?93.What must giraffes do to drink water?94.Whats the main idea of the passage?9 5.请将划线句子翻译成汉语。（四）试卷评析1.任务型阅读每题5 分，总 共 10分；前面4 题均为回答问题，最 后 1题翻译句子。2通过认真阅题，我们可以发现这些试题多以青少年熟悉的学习与生活为话题，或以新闻报道聚焦社会热点为话题，因此要引导学生关注社会，加强学科知识与社会热点的联系等。3.此类阅读题目的问题多为特殊疑问句。问题的内容小到一个词的词义，大到概述故事的大意；可以提问一件事，也可以推

15、断作者的意图，评价作品的内容。问题可以是单一问题，也可以是综合性问题或发挥性问题。做回答问题型的阅读理解需要把握一些细节事实，如 who,when,where,which,what,how many/much 等事实。建议采用逆读查找法，即先看题目，通过题目了解文章大意，再看短文，有目的地突破细节。三、2016年起任务型阅读题型变化：1.文件：为引导初中英语教师加强学生的阅读能力，特别是对文本信息加工、处理能力的培养，发挥考试对教学的正反拨作用，经研究，决定对中考试题任务型阅读题型设置作如下调整：将沿 用近1 0 年的回答问题形式改为表格填空形式。要求考生根据阅读文章提供的信息用恰当的词语完成

16、与短文相关的图表，每空只填一个单词，每题2 分，合 计 10分。有些教师担心难度加大，他们认为问答题可以在原文中直接寻找答案，而表格题则要对信息进行加工、转换。实际上，不管怎样设题，考生都要看懂文章才能正确作答。相信能找出问题答案的考生，能够在文章找出关键词。如果能看懂文章，即知道文章大意，就可以正确填写大部分单词，因为在命题时要对每个大题、小题的难度进行预估。如果是难题，则可能需要转换，但按8:1:1的要求进行命题的话，难题可能就1 个。2.阅读填词这一题型旨在考查学生四方面的能力：获取信息能力：信息的理解；文章的结构和层次等。处理信息能力：信息的分层；时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑分层、共性与差

17、异等。加工信息的能力：信息的分类；问题的原因、解决方法等；各种观点、看法以及建议；态度和目的等。运用信息的能力：信息的归纳与表达。3.填写表格型通常是先给出一段阅读材料，根据材料所给的信息填写表格。此类题目通常难度不大，大部分信息都可以直接在材料中找到，因此考生只要通读材料，注意所填信息在原文中的出处，就不难完成任务。但是也有个别信息考生不可能直接在材料中找出，需要根据某些细节、线索或关键词语进行推理、归纳才能完成任务。填写时重在达意，并不一定要用短文中的原词。对于填表式阅读理解，关键在于分析图表中已存在的信息点，然后根据已给出的信息点寻找相应的信息。4.从设题的角度上说，那些罗列信息类的文章

18、易于设置表格填空。下面是2015泉州中考任务型阅读试题：Do you hope to live a better life?Then how to make your wish come true?Keep awayfrom anything that is useless.Do the right thing!However good or bad a situation is,it willchange.The best is yet to come.Well,here are some tips for you to follow!Mind your mealsTry to eat mo

19、re foods that grow naturally on trees and plants.Have meals on time everyday.And remember not to go to school or work without 71 breakfast（原词不变），for it ismore important than lunch or dinner.Exercise and smileEach day 72 take a 40-minute walk（词性变化）.Make time to practice some otherexercise,such as yog

20、a and Taiji.They provide us with daily energy for our 73 busy（原词不变）lives.Try to smile and make at least three people smile each day.Forget and forgive（原谅）Problems appear sometimes and they simply stay for a short time.Forget whathappened in the past.Dont always think of your 74 past（原词不变）mistakes.Ma

21、ke peacewith your past in order that it wont destroy your present happiness.75 Life（原词不变）isnot very long,so we shouldnt waste time hating anyone.Forgive everyone for everything.Also do such thingsCall your family often and stay in touch with your friends.Each day give something goodto others.Cheer u

22、p no m atter how you feel.76 Read more books（词形变化）than you didbefore and you can learn more fh）m them.Dont compare your life to others9.任务型阅读：根据短文内容，填写下列表格，每格只填一词。Tips for a better lifeMind yourmeals Eat more natural foods.Of the three meals a day 71 breakfast（原词不变）is the most important.Exercise and

23、 smile Every day 72 walk（词性变化）fbr forty minutes and spend some timedoing some other exercise.They give us daily energy for our 73 busy（原词不变）lives.Try to smile and make other people smile,too.Forget andforgive Try your best to forget your 74 past（原词不变）mistakes.Forgive everyone and live happily becaus

24、e 75 life（原词不变）isntvery long.Also do sueh things Keep in touch with your family and friends.Do more 76 reading（词形变化）than you did before and you canlearn more from books.四、任务型阅读解题步骤及技巧(-)解题步骤：(略读图表 1.图表 J审清文章结构(diagram)I 记住阅读任务Steps/，略读文章首尾句、段I 2.文段 J带图表中的任务细读(passage)在文段中做标记定位对比文段中标记处和图表中对应任务(-)解题技巧

25、：1.信息查找题：原词不变(1)解题关键：根据问题句子查找定位信息。(2)常用方法：带着问题有意识地在关键处做标记。例 1：ProblemsThe world is becoming too crowded The environment around us isworse and worse.定位查找做标记In the past,man didn t have to think about the protection of his environment.There were notmany people on earth,and natural resources（资源）seemed t

26、o be unlimited（无限的）.But thingsare different today.The world has become too crowded.and we re using up our natural resourcestoo quickly,and at the same time environment around us is becoming worse and worse.2、信息转换题（1）解题关键：根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。常见（词性转换句子结构转换的1转 同义词和反义词转换换方前缀和后缀转换式另选其它词来释义例2：Advan

27、tagesDisadvantagesThe city is surrounded by beautiful mountainsThe air in the city center is being polluted对比反义词转换例3：TitleA guide to e-book writingInformation about e-booksYou can read them onlineThey become more and more popular划线定位 对比 另选其它词释义转换 词性变化转换An e-book is a book you can read on the Interne

28、t.People often read them in their spare time,thepopularity（普及）of the e-books is growing.On the Internet=online 同义转换例4：Yuan Longping 一 u Father”of hybrid rice（杂交水稻）Since the 1960sHe has devoted himself to developing new varietiesIn 1973It was hardworkinK of him to succeed in the development of new ri

29、ce划 线 定 位 对 比 句 子 结 构 转 换Yuan Longping,u Father“of hybrid rice,has a childhood dream.He wished to grow anew type of rice.Since the 1960s,he has devoted himself to the development of newvarieties（品种）.He worked so hard that he succeeded in the development of hybrid rice in1973.3、信息归纳题：（1）解题关键：根据问题查找定位

30、信息，找共性的东西。r概 括 性（在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息）归纳词J的特征j针 对 性（量体裁衣，大小适度）I醒 目 性（简洁）(2)例 5：Statistics(统计)about school kids not having breakfastReasonsResultsSuggestionsThey stay up late at nightto study and want to stay in bedfbr a few more minutes.They can t listen carefullyin class.They feel sleepy all day.The mornin

31、g meal isnecessary,for it providesmuch energy.例 6：Aim/PurposeTo help the children return to schoolTitle：A trip to BeijingConclusionIf you continue doing like this,you will get better soon话题topic subject/title原因reason(s)cause(s)常见概括性词结果 result effect目 的 aim purpose方法 way(s)solution(s)观 点 Idea opinion优劣 advantages disadvantages结论 conclusion建议 advice suggestion(s)