中考英语阅读理解第11集（含解析）.pdf

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1、2 0 1 2 中考英语阅读理解精选第1 1 集【有答案或解析】【共2 2页】该精品资源选择的题型有：阅读回答问题、阅读单项选择、阅读改写填空、阅读判断正误。都有答案，至少一半的有具体解析。中考英语阅读理解-利用主题句解题最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：（1）概括性强：表述的意思比较概括。（2）结构简单：句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。（3）受它支撑：段落中其他的句子是用

2、来解释、支撑或发展该句所表述的主题思想。在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的位置情况有三种：一、主题句在段首或篇首主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文，议论文大都采用先总述,后分述的叙事方法。例如：All living things on the earth need other living things to live.Nothing livesalone.Most animals must 1 ive in a group,and even a plant grows close together withothers of the same kind.Sometim

3、es one living thing kills another,one eats and theother is eaten.Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live,andtogether they form a food chain（食物链）。Some food chains become broken up if oneof the links disappears.第一句即是主题句。这个句子概括了本段的中心意思：“地球上所有的生物要生存都离不开其他的生物”。后面讲述了大量的事实之后，作者指出：如果这些食

4、物链中的一个链环消失，所有的食物都会断掉。所有这些事实都是围绕第一个句子展开的。二、主题句在段末或篇末用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的归纳总结或者所得出的结论。例如：I f y o u b u y s o m e w e l l-m a d e c l o t h e s,y o u c a n s a v e m o n e y b e c a u s e t h e y c a n l a s t l o n g e r.T h e y l o o k g o o d e v e n a f t e r t

5、 h e y h a v e b e e n w a s h e d m a n y t i m e s.S o m e t i m e s s o m e c l o t h e sc o s t m o r e m o n e y,b u t i t d o e s n o t m e a n t h a t t h e y a r e a l w a y s b e t t e r m a d e,o r t h e y a l w a y sf i t b e t t e r.I n o t h e r w o r d s,s o m e l e s s e x p e n s i v

6、 e c l o t h e s l o o k a n d f i t b e t t e r t h a nm o r e e x p e n s i v e c l o t h e s.这段文章前面列举了两件事实，最后一句是对这两个事实的概括：有些价钱便宜的衣服比价钱贵的衣服更好看，更合身。段末这个句子就是主题句。三、无主题句有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢？其实这也不难。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。Killer b

7、ees s t a r t ed in Br a z i 1 1 957.A s cien t is t in S a o Pa u lo w a n t ed b ees t o ma kemor e hon ey（蜂蜜）.S o he pu t for t y-s ix Afr ica n b ees w it h s ome Br a z ilia n b ees.T heb ees b r ed（繁殖）a n d ma de a n ew kin d of b ees.Bu t t he n ew b ees w er e a mis t a ke.T heydidn t w a n

8、t t o ma ke mor e hon ey.T hey w a n t ed t o a t t a ck.T hen,b y a cciden t,t w en t y-s ixAfr ica n b ees es ca ped a n d b r ed w it h t he Br a z ilia n b ees ou t s ide.S cien t is t s cou ld n ot con t r ol/控制）t he pr ob lem.T he b ees in cr ea s ed fa s t.T heyw en t fr om Br a z il t o V en

9、 ez u ela.T hen t hey w en t t o Cen t r a l Amer ica.Now t hey a r e inNor t h Amer ica.T hey t r a v el a b ou t 3 90 miles a y ea r.Ea ch gr ou p of b ees gr ow s fou rt imes a y ea r.T his mea n s on e million n ew gr ou ps ev er y fiv e y ea r s.Why a r e people a fr a id of killer b ees?People

10、 a r e a fr a id for t w o r ea s on s.Fir s t,t he b ees s t in g（叮）ma n y mor e t imes t ha n u s u a l b ees.Killer b ees ca n s t in g s ix t y t imesa min u t e n on s t op for t w o hou r s.S econ d,killer b ees a t t a ck in gr ou ps.Fou r hu n dr edb ee s t in gs ca n kill a per s on.Alr ea

11、dy s ev er a l hu n dr ed people a r e dea d.Now killer b ees a r e in T ex a s.In a fewy ea r s t hey w ill r ea ch a ll ov er t he U n it ed S t a t es.People ca n do n ot hin g b u t w a it.这篇短文表面看起来没有主题句，那末怎样来确定它的中心意思呢？按照上面的说明，我们先找出每一段的大意：第一段讲的是killer b ees的产生。第二段讲的是killer b ees的急剧增加。第三段讲的是人们害怕k

12、iller b e e s的原因。第四段讲的是killer b e e s已经杀死的人数和将来的状况。从这几段的大意可以看出这篇文章自始至终都是围绕killerb ees这一中心展开的。换句话说，killer b ees就是这篇文章的主题。训练题精选Now s a t ellit es a r e helpin g t o for eca s t （预报）t he w ea t her.T hey a r e in s pa ce,a n d t hey ca n r ea ch a n y pa r t of t he w or ld.T he s a t ellit es t a ke p

13、ict u r es of t hea t mos pher e（大气）,b eca u s e t his is w her e t he w ea t her for ms （形成）.T hey s en d t hes epict u r es t o t he w ea t her s t a t ion s.S o met eor ologis t s （气象学家）ca n s ee t he w ea t herof a n y pa r t of t he w or ld.Fr om t he pict u r es,t he s cien t is t s ca n oft e

14、n s a y how t hew ea t her w ill cha n ge.T oda y,n ea r ly fiv e hu n dr ed w ea t her s t a t ion s in s ix t y cou n t r ies r eceiv es a t ellit e pict u r es.When t hey r eceiv e n ew pict u r es,t he met eor ologis t s compa r e（比较）t hem w it h ea r lier on es.Per ha ps t hey ma y fin d t ha t

15、 t he clou ds ha v e cha n geddu r in g t he la s t few hou r s.T his ma y mea n t ha t t he w ea t her on t he gr ou n d ma y s ooncha n ge,t oo.In t heir n ex t w ea t her for eca s t,t he met eor ologis t s ca n s a y t his.S o t he w ea t her s a t ellit es a r e a gr ea t help t o t he met eor

16、ologis t s.Befor es a t ellit es w er e in v en t ed,t he s cien t is t s cou ld for eca s t t he w ea t her for a b ou t 2 4or 4 8 hou r s.Now t hey ca n ma ke good for eca s t s for t hr ee or fiv e da y s.S oon,per ha ps,t hey ma y b e a b le t o for eca s t t he w ea t her for a w eek or mor e a

17、 hea d（提前）.1.S a t ellit es t r a v el.A.in s pa ce B.in t he a t mos pher eC.a b ov e t he gr ou n dD.a b ov e s pa ce2.Why do w e u s e t he w ea t her s a t ellit es t o t a ke pict u r es of t he a t mos pher e?Beca u s e.A.t he w ea t her s a t ellit es ca n do it ea s ilyB.clou ds for m t her

18、eC.t he w ea t her for ms t her eD.t he pict u r es ca n for eca s t t he w ea t her3.Met eor ologis t s for eca s t t he w ea t her .A.w hen t hey ha v e r eceiv ed s a t ellit e pict u r esB.a ft er t hey ha v e compa r ed n ew s a t ellit e pict u r es w it h ea r lier on esC.b efor e t hey r ece

19、iv ed s a t ellit e pict u r esD.du r in g t hey s t u dy s a t ellit e pict u r es4.Ma y b e w e 1 1 s oon b e a b le t o for eca s t t he w ea t her for .A.on e da yC.fiv e da y sB.t w o da y sD.s ev en da y s or ev en lon ger5.T he ma in （主要的）idea of t his pa s s a ge is t ha t s a t ellit es a r

20、 e n ow u s ed inA.t a kin g pict u r es of t he a t mos pher eB.r eceiv in g pict u r es of t he a t mos pher eC.doin g ot her w or k in ma n y w a y sD.w ea t her for eca s t in g参考答案 Key s:1-5 ACBDDIn a lmos t ev er y b ig u n iv er s it y （大学）in t he U n it ed S t a t es,foot b a ll is afa v ou

21、r it e s por t.Amer ica n foot b a ll is differ en t.Pla y er s s omet imes kick t he b a ll,b u t t hey a ls o t hr ow t he b a ll a n d r u n w it h it.T hey t r y t o t a ke it t o t he ot her en dof t he field.T hey ha v e fou r cha n ces （机会）t o mov e t he b a ll t en y a r ds （码）.T heyca n ca

22、r r y it or t hey ca n t hr ow it.If t hey mov e t he b a ll t en y a r ds,t hey ca n t r yt o mov e it a n ot her t en y a r ds.If t hey mov e it t o t he en d of t he field,t hey r eceiv es ix poin t s （点）.It is difficu lt t o mov e t he b a ll.Elev en men on t he ot her t ea m t r y t o s t op t

23、hema n w it h t he b a ll.If he does n ot mov e t he b a ll t en y a r ds,his t ea m kicks t he b a llt he ot her t ea m.Ea ch u n iv er s it y w a n t s it s ow n t ea m t o w in.Ma n y t hou s a n ds of people come t o w a t ch.T hey a l 1 s hou t for t heir fa v ou r it e t ea m.You n g men a n d

24、 w omen come on t he field t o help t he people s hou t mor e.T hey da n cea n d ju mp w hile t hey s hou t.Ea ch t ea m pla y s t en or elev en ga mes ea ch s ea s on.T he s ea s on b egin s in S ept emb er a n d en ds in Nov emb er.If a t ea m is v er y good,it ma y pla y a n ot her ga me a ft er

25、t he s ea s on en ds.T he b es t t ea ms pla y a ga in on Ja n u a r y1,t he fir s t da y of t he New Yea r.Ma n y people go t o s ee t hes e ga mes a n d ma n y ot her sw a t ch t hem on T V.1.T he pa s s a ge t a lks a b ou t .A.foot b a ll B.how t o pla y foot b a llC.Amer ica n s por t s D.Amer

26、ica n foot b a ll2.We can t he foot b a ll in b ot h Amer ica n foot b a ll a n d Chin es e foot b a ll.A.kick B.t hr ow C.r u n w it h D.ca t ch3.Why is it difficu lt t o mov e t he b a ll?Beca u s e.A.t en y a r ds is a lon g w a yB.ma n y men on t he ot her t ea m t r y n ot t o let t he b a ll c

27、ome n ea rC.t he pla y in g field is v er y la r geD.elev en men ha v e t o ca t ch t he b a ll on e b y on e4.If t hey ,t he t ea ms w ill pla y on Ja n u a r y 1.A.r eceiv e s ix poin t sB.pla y elev en ga mes in t he s ea s onC.a r e t he b es t t ea msD.mov e t he b a ll t o t he en d of t he fi

28、eld5.Ma n y people come t o w a t ch foot b a ll a n d t hey w a n t t heir t ea m t o w in.Whichof t he follow in g is n ot t heir a ct?A.Ju mpin g B.Da n cin g C.Cr y in g D.S hou t in g参考答案 Key s:1-5 DABCC“Who ha s mor e q u es t ion s,a t ea cher or a s t u den t?”Ab ou t t his q u es t ion a gr

29、 ea tlea r n ed ma n t old his s t u den t t ha t n ob ody does b u t a t ea cher.T he s t u den t got pu z z led.Wit h a s mile,t he t ea cher dr ew t w o cir cles （El）.Wit hin（在.里面）t he la r ger on e is my kn ow ledge of t hin gs,a n d w it hin t he s ma ller on eis y ou r s.Ou t of t he cir cles

30、is s t ill u n kn ow n t o b ot h of u s.S in ce min e is la r ger,a s y ou ca n s ee,t he lin e t ha t ma r ks ou t t he cir cle is lon ger.T ha t ma kes it clea rt ha t w ho ha s mor e cha n ces（机会）t o fa ce s omet hin g s t ill u n kn ow n.1.T he gr ea t lea r n ed ma n b eliev ed t ha tA.a t ea

31、cher ha s mor e q u es t ion sB.a s t u den t ha s mor e q u es t ion sC.D.b ot h a t ea cher a n d a s t u den t ha v e q u es t ion sev er y on e,ex cept a t ea cher,ha s mor e q u es t ion s2.T he s t u den t t hou ght t ha t .A.a s t u den t?s kn ow ledge is les s t ha n his t ea cherJ s b eca u

32、 s e it comes fr om t het ea cherB.a t ea cher ca n n ot n eces s a r ily a n s w er a ll t he q u es t ion s his s t u den t s a s kC.t hos e w ho ha v e les s kn ow ledge ha v e mor e q u es t ion sD.a n y on e w ho lea r n s mor e ha s mor e q u es t ion s3.At t he en d of t he s t or y,t he gr e

33、a t lea r n ed ma n con clu ded（推断）t ha t.A.a s t u den t s hou ld lea r n fr om his t ea cherB.a t ea cher does n ot ha v e s o ma n y q u es t ion s a s his s t u den tC.a s t u den t kn ow s mor e t ha n his t ea cherD.a t ea cher ha s mor e cha n ces t o fa ce w ha t he does n,t kn ow4.Which of

34、t he follow in g t opics ca n NOT ex pr es s t he idea of t he s t or y?A.You Will Nev er Lea r n En ou ghB.A T ea cher a n d His S t u den tC.T her e Is No Limit t o Kn ow ledgeD.On e Is Nev er T oo Old t o Lea r n5.We ca n oft en fin d s u ch a n a r t icle in .A.t he Pa la ce Mu s eu m B.a n y b

35、ookC.a n ew s pa per of ma ga z in e D.An en cy clopedia （百科全书）参考答案 Key s:1-5 ACDBAS n ow fell on t he mou n t a in.It s n ow ed a n d s n ow ed.T he s n ow did n ot melt （融化）.It b eca me deep a n d hea v y.T he s n ow on t he b ot t om pr es s ed（挤压）t oget her.,it b eca meice.T he ice w a s v er y

36、w ide a n d t hick.It b ega n t o mov e dow n t he mou n t a in.It w a slike a r iv er of ice.It w a s a gla cier （冰河）.S omet imes t he gla cier mov ed on ly a few in ches （英寸）ea ch da y.As it mov ed,it t ook r ocks a n d dir t w it h it.It cha n ged t he la n d.In s ome pla ces,it left hills.In s o

37、me pla ces,w hen t he gla cier melt ed,it ma de r iv er s a n d la kes.A million y ea r s a go,t her e w er e ma n y b ig gla cier s.Gla cier s cov er ed ma n y pa r t sof t he w or ld.T he gla cier s cha n ged t he la n d.Gla cier s a r e s t ill a t w or k t oda y.A gla cier in t he n or t h of Ca

38、 n a da is cu t t in ga n ew pa t h（路）dow n t he s ide of a mou n t a in.T his gla cier w ill cha n ge t he la n d,t oo.1.T he s n ow t ha t fell on t he mou n t a inA.b eca me s n ow ma n B.melt ed C.b eca me ice D.t u r n ed t o r a in2.T he w or d in t he s t or y t ha t mea n s a r iv er of ice

39、is .3.T he s t or y s a y s,“T he s n ow did n ot melt.It b eca me deep a n d hea v y”.T he w or dit mea n s _.4.Which of t he follow in g does t his s t or y lea d y ou t o b eliev e?A.T her e a r e n ot a s ma n y gla cier s a s t her e u s ed t o b eB.Gla cier s do n ot cha n ge t he la n d a s t

40、 hey mov e ov er it.C.Gla cier s a r e fou n d on ly in w a r m pla ces.5.How fa s t did t he gla cier mov e?（Which s en t en ce is ex a ct ly like t he on e iny ou r b ook?）A.S omet imes t he gla ciermov ed on lyon ce a y ea r.B.S omet imes t he gla ciermov ed ov ert en miles ea ch da y.C.S omet im

41、es t he gla ciermov ed on lya few in ches ea ch da y.6.T he ma in ideaof t he w hole s t or y is t ha tA.s n ow is hea v yB.t he high la n d n ev er cha n gesC.gla cier s cha n ged t he la n d参考答案 Key:l.C 2.gla cier 3.s n ow 3.A 4.C 5,CLon g a go,people in Rome（罗马）t a lked t o on e a n ot her in La

42、t in （拉丁文）.Pu pilsin s chool lea r n ed t o r ea d a n d w r it e in La t in.Books a r e in La t in.S ome Roma n s （罗马人）w en t t o ot her pa r t s of t he w or ld.T hey t ook t heir la n gu a gew it h t hem.S oon La t in w a s u s ed in ma n y cou n t r ies.It b eca me a w or ld la n gu a ge.People

43、in ot her cou n t r ies did n ot t a lk in La t in t he s a me w a y.In ea ch la n d,t hey cha n ged t he la n gu a ge a lit t le.As t ime w en t b y,t hey ma de mor e cha n ges.At la s tt hey did n ot t a lk in La t in a n y mor e.New la n gu a ges ha d come fr om t he old on e.People do n ot t a l

44、k t o on e a n ot her in La t in t oda y.Bu t t hey s t ill u s e ma n y La t inw or ds.You do,t oo.S t r eet,w a ll,cit y,a n d s a lt a r e s ome of t he La t in w or ds w e u s e.You a r e a pu pil in s chool.Pu pil is a La t in w or d.It mea n s ulit t le doll”.1.La t in w a s u s ed b y people

45、in _.A.Rome B.t he U n it ed S t a t es C.Gr eece(希腊)D.T ex a s2.T he w or d in t he s t or y t ha t mea n s w ha t people s pea k a n d w r it e is3.T he s t or y s a y s,uPeople do n ot t a lk t o ea ch ot her in La t in t oda y.Bu t t heys t ill u s e ma n y La t in w or ds,T he w or d t hey mea

46、n s _.4.Which of t he follow in g does t his s t or y lea d y ou t o b eliev e?A.It is n ot good t o cha n ge a la n gu a ge.B.Pu pils in s chools t oda y pla y w it h dolls.C.Not ma n y people ca n r ea d La t in t oda y.5.Wha t ha ppen ed t o La t in w hen it w a s t a ken t o ot her cou n t r ies

47、?(w hich s en t en ceis ex a ct ly like t he on e in y ou r b ook?)A.In ea ch la n d,people t a lked a b ou t ea ch ot her.B.In ea ch la n d,t hey cha n ged t he la n gu a ge a lit t leC.In ea ch la n d,t he childr en ha d t o s pea k s ome La t in.6.T he ma in idea of t he w hole s t or y is t ha t

48、 .A.Roma n s did n ot like t o s t a y homeB.people in old Rome t a lked a lot t o ea ch ot her.C.La t in cha n ged a s it mov ed fr om la n d t o la n d.参考答案 Key:1.A 2.la n gu a ge 3.people 4.C 5.B 6.CA Leg Wa lkin g RightHer e a r e s ome s ign s +-x，t he s ign s a r e v er y differ en t.T hey mea

49、 n v er ydiffer en t t hin gs.When y ou s ee t hem,y ou kn ow w ha t t o do.T his s ign +mea n s t ha ty ou w ill a dd s ome n u mer a ls.T his s ign-mea n s t ha t y ou w ill t a ke on e n u mer a l a w a yfr om a n ot her.You w ill s u b t r a ct （减去）.Wha t w ill y ou do w hen y ou s ee x a n d?Ou

50、 r s ign s a r e ea s y t o r ea d.T hey a r e ea s y s ign s t o r ememb er.Look a t t hes e t w os ign s .T he a n cien t Egy pt ia n s u s ed t hes e s ign s.A pict u r e of a leg w a lkin g t o t heleft t old t hem t o a dd s ome n u mer a ls.A pict u r e of a leg w a lkin g t o t he r ight t ol