中考英语阅读技巧.pdf

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1、近几年来，阅读理解题在试卷中所占的比重有所增加。纵观近年来中考英语阅读理解试题，它们有以下特点：试题难度适中，文章选材符合 考试大纲的基本要求，保证了题材类型多样；对阅读理解的几种技能考查比较全面；文章篇幅和阅读量略有增加；文章内容积极健康，兼具知识性、实用性、思想性和教育性：题型日益多样化，标准选择题、是非判断题、主观回答题从整体上看，中考阅读理解试题基本都做到了以下几个方面：第一，阅读材料信息含量大，体现在文章的题材多样化，材料具有真实性，原汁原味，选材新，避免选取广为流传和人所共知的材料，内容涉及到科技、社会、文化、政治、经济、生活等。第二，文章有易有难，长短搭配适度，命题者注意到合理把

2、握文章及句子的难度；第三，恰当控制生词的数量，较好地处理合成词与派生词。第四、阅读材料的主题明确，话题新颖，有时代感。第五、语言地道，条理清晰，结构紧凑，在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上有较大的复杂性。第六、体裁多样化，有叙述文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。有的试题是有关考查特定信息能力的广告、公告类材料，也有的是选用科普、新闻等体裁阅读能力重点考查点为以下几种阅读技能：一、信息搜寻准确到位的能力这类试题常见的测试方式有根据文章判断选项的正误、筛选错误的信息、挑选符合题意的选项等。02)These two letters appeared in a newspaper.Both writes h

3、ave their own ideas on zoosZoos Do a Good JobIt is good to keep animals in zoos.I know a lot of people think it is wrong to keep animals in zoos.However,I believe that zoos have many points.Zoos Are UnnaturalIn Maria s letter,she says that zoos are good for animals.I am afraid that zoos are not good

4、 foranimals,they are only good for people.(T)Maria and Philip have quite different ideas on keeping animals in zoos.Firstly,zoos are places for people to see many different kinds of animals from all over theworld.Wilhout zoos,most people would never see a real beae or tiger.It is unnatural and unfai

5、r to keep wild animals in cages.Most animals are kept in cages that aretoo small for them.In the wild,these animals travel freely.In zoos,they cant do this.This is whythe bears and tigers always look so sad*(F)In Maria s opinion,a real bear or tiger can only be seen in zoos.二、对细节语义转换理解的能力这类试题往往提供数字、

6、图标和文字描写等特定的情景，常常要求考生换个角度思考，只不过是叙述的角度与表述的语言不同。这类试题在阅读理解试题中占的比例较大。01(A)JOIN US IN THE HUANPU RIVER TOURThe Huanpu River is must-see for tourists.You can enjoy the“museum of internationalarchitecture on the Bund“and the skyline of Lujiazui in PudongYou can also see videos,singsongs or watch wonderful p

7、erformances on the boat.(T)The Huanpu River is a very popular place for tourist.(T)Different kinds of recreations are offered on the boat.The tour guide will tell you something about Shanghai s today and yesterday both in Chinese andin English.We offer three different boat tours along the river ever

8、y day.One is ihe 1.5-hour iripto see Yangpu Bridge at the price of 25-35yuan($3-4.2).The second is the 2-hour trip to Gaoqiao atthe price of 50-100yuan($6-12),The third trip is the 3.5-hour trip to Wusongkou,the mouth of theYangtze River where it runs into the East China Sea.This costs 50-100yuan($6

9、-12).(T)ItJ s not difficult for foreigners lo learn something about Shanghai on the boat.(F)It takes two hours to travel to Yangpu Bridge.(F)The trip to Gaoqiao is the most expensive and it lakes most lime.三、对词义转换的理解能力这类试题常见的命题方式是根据上卜.文猜测划线词的语义或者选择一个近义词等。New York,London,Pairs and other big cities ar

10、e exciting places to live in.There are mayinteresting things to see and to do.You can go to different kinds of museums,plays and films.You can also buy things from all over the world.“T”or F”(T)1.In big cities people can go to the all kinds of museums,plays and movies(T)2.People can buy things from

11、throughout the world.四、具备一定的经验常识的能力此类题主要是考查中学生应有的多项综合知识，包括：社会知识、天文知识、史地知识、科普知识、语言国家的文化背景及对生活常识的主观掌握程度。此类题往往可以凭借学生自己的常识进行判断，然后做出正确、符合这些规律的选择。(03)Winter is dangerous because it s so difficult to know what is going to happen andaccidents take place so easily.Fog can be waiting to meet you over the top

12、of a hill.Ice might be hiding under the melting snow,waiting ahead to send you off the road.The car coming to you may suddenly slip across the roadGenerally,all twice of your usual stopping distance when the road is wet,threetimes this distance on snow,and even more on ice.Which of the following is

13、NOT TRUE?A.Traffic accidents take place easily in winter.B.Fog and melting snow often cause car accidents.C.The stopping distance on ice is as long as the usual one.D.In winter you should drive your car with great care.(c)五、对文章主旨、作者图意的分析能力这属于较高层次的考查思维能力的试题，包括考查想像思维、逻辑思维以及从局部到整体的概括思维能力等。虽然篇文章的细节内容可能很

14、多，但是核心思想都可以用一句或几句话概括，甚至三言两语即可。“归纳”和概括“考查的重点是在理解文章的基础上对文章进一步分析和整理的能力，它可以要求归纳某段落的中心思想，也可以要求对文章整篇内容做归纳，如给文章选择合适的标题等。寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。因此，在做题时，要注意每段的主题句(往往为第一句)。英文叫“Topic Sentence，它一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意，有时会在文章的最后段总结文章的主旨，抓住主题句，就不难确定文章的最佳标题。这一类题型为主题问题。如：What is the main idea of this passage?What does the passa

15、ge maily talk about?What does the writer want to tell us?From the passage,we learn that*另一类为标题问题。Which is the best title of this article?(05)When my family moved to America from a small village in Guangdong,China,webrought not only our luggage,but also our village rules,customs and culture,One of th

16、e rules isthat young people should always respect elders.Unluckily,this rule led to my very firstembarrassment in the United States.Which is the best title for this passage?(a)A.Different countries,different customsB.Old people,old customsC.Different restaurants,different services.D.Differences betw

17、een old and young.(Ol)Everyone can help to save paper.If we all think carefully,we can help protect trees.But weshould do it now,before it is too late.Which is the best title of the passage?(a)A.Saving paperB.The History of paperC.Cotton Handkerchiefs Back AgainD.Cai Lun,the Great Inventor02From the

18、 passage,we learn that_A.we need wood to build houses,so we have to cut down trees.B.the rainforest people have done something to protect their home.C.to humans,gold is more important than trees.D.we mustn t cut down any trees or kill any animals.(b)六、获取事实、分析细节的能力此类题型的问题以what、who、which、when、w h ereh

19、ow 或 者 why等词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求考生回答。做好这类题的要领是：1.明确题意，按照要求，寻找答案来源。2.开放性问题要找准关键词，理解有些暗示的句子。3.多读文章，尤其是根问题有关的上下文，正确使用排除法。05)A forest fire that burned 55 square kilometres was finally brought under control on Wednesdaymorning.The fire started on Sunday in Black Bear Slate Park and quickly spread to

20、 nearby areas.OnMonday,police evacuated the small town of Lawson and ordered the people to leave theirhomes When and where did the forest fire start?The fire started_(_on Sunday in Black Bear State Park)What did the police order the people to do?The police ordered the people t o(le a v e their homes

21、)05)The fire spread quickly in the hot,dry weather.Fire fighting was difficult because of strongwinds.Firemen from 55 fire departments in the state joined the National Fire Service to put outthe fire.Some kept fighting for 24 hours.Fire engines and helicopters dropped water onto thefireWhy was fire

22、fighting difficult?Because_(of strong winds_)How did the firemen drop water onto the fire?They_(used fire engines and helicopters_)_ to drop water onto fire.Police closed King Road to traffic on Tuesday because of heavy smoke.Thousands of touristshad to drive an hour north to Queen Road to pass the

23、fire area.Some people did not follow thepolice order.Paul Grayson sent his wife and two children to safety,but he stayed,he startedthinking,“Am I foolish?Did I stay here too long,just for a house?”How long did the tourists have to drive north to Queen Road to pass the fire area?(An hour)What kind of

24、 person do you think Paul Grayson was?(He was not foolish/He wasbrave/responsible for his family.)04)Subject:ComplaintsDate:May 30,2004From:da vid To:gl asgo w si 1 verti Dear Sir or Madam,Last Thursday,I travelled on the 8:40 a.m.train from glasgow to London King s Cross and I wasvery unhappy with

25、the service provided by your company.Where did David Robertson get on the train last Thursday?In.(Glasgow)The train was forty minutes late leaving Glasgow,and although the guard apologized,we were notgiven any reason for the delay,As a result,I missed my flight from London Healthrow toFrankfurt and

26、had to wait for several hours.What time did die train start its trip to King s Cross that morning?At(9:20What happened to David because of the delay of the train?He missed the flight and had to _(_wait for several hours)What s more,the service on the train was also very poor.The trip takes over five

27、 hours,unluckily,there was no restaurant car on the train and only a bar wilh soft drinks.Worst of all,the air condition broken down half-way through the trip and it got hotter and hotter in the train.What did the bar on the train serve?_(_Soft drinks)Why did it get hotter and hotter in the train?Be

28、cause(the air condition broke down)What do you think the company will do after they receive David email?I think they will _(say sorry to him/apologize to him/give him some money/offer him a free trip/reply to the email.)考查推理判断能力是对考生潜在能力的测试，读文章不完全是被动的“读”，而要主动的“思”,探究文章之外的知识。根据文章内容进行推断时要有理有据，有时文章没有现成的结

29、论，要根据文章内容进行合理的思想推断。有时试题的题目在设计时对文章中的说法变换了叙述角度或表达方式，是否符合题意不能直接看出，需要在正确把握文章的前提下分析判断，从而推理出符合文章意思的正确选项03)Dan had never seen Alf.He had only two clues.One was an old photo that show Alf and Jed.But it was taken on their tenth birthday,fifty years ago.The other clue was a post card fromAlf.When Mrs.Sydney

30、finished her story,she smiled,All right,Kate,she said,“how didhe know Alf?”Kate smiled too,That s easy,“she said.You told me how.The clue was thephoto.You said it was taken when both boys were ten years old,so they were”What was Kate s answer to the mystery?Kate said,”,so they were_(twins/twin broth

31、ers)在阅读时，应该该掉以下不良习惯：有声阅读，即眼、口、耳、脑一起运动。而无声阅读，省却了口的发音和耳的监听，因而阅读速度快。指读，即用手指或指着文字逐句阅读。在指读时一遇到生词，常会被迫停下来。我们要学会按照意群理解的跳读法。译读，即边读边将材料译成母语帮助理解，费时耗力，且妨碍了语感的养成。阅读的方法先认真考虑一下文章的标题，根据标题预测一下文章的内容。另外，如果文章中有小标题和插图、图表的话，也最好先看一看 还可以注意一下文中的黑体字或斜体字部分。在阅读文章前先快速浏览一下题目，大致了解考查的内容，带着目的去读，这样更有针对性。Skimming(粗读)粗读是一种快速阅读，目的是大概了

32、解读物的主要内容。阅读时要注意:1.文 章 标 题2.文章开头语与结尾3.表明文章题旨的中心句或关键语4.如有图表特别仔细观察.Scanning(略 读)略 读 也 是 一 种 快 速 的 阅 读 方 法，阅读的目的不是为了了解文章的大意(Reading quickly to get the main id eas),而是有目的有计划的查找所需的具体内容或信息(Go through a text to find a particular piece of information)o细读是指对文章逐字逐句的阅读，以便掌握文章的全部内容，了解细节，诸如时间、地点、人物、事件、数量(即:who,wh

33、en,where,what,how,why)以及读懂字里行间的潜在意思，领悟作者的意向和态度。对于没有学过的生词要根据上下文来推测词义，对于长句或难句要做语法分析，分清主次，理顺句间与词间关系，做到彻底理解Full Reading(细读法)细读是指对文章逐字逐句的阅读，以便掌握文章的全部内容，了解细节，诸如时间、地点、人物、事件、数量(即:who,when,where,what,how,why)以及读懂字里行间的潜在意思，领悟作者的意向和态度。对于没有学过的生词要根据上卜文来推测词义，对于长句或难句要做语法分析，分清主次，理顺句间与词间关系，做到彻底理解Skipping(跳读)即跳跃式阅读，有目的的查找、搜寻有关信息和资料，时而详，时而略、时而跳过某些无关的内容。处理好理解与速度的关系做法是边阅读，边思考，边理解，遇到生词或疑难点可暂做个记号，不要停顿，继续往下读。有些生词或疑难点会在阅读的上下文中得到启示或解决。