反身代词用法汇总.doc

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1、反身代词构成固定搭配大全反身代词就是指myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself。通常有强调性用法与非强调性用法。用法:一、反身代词得基本形式反身代词就是 oneself根据所指词得人称、性别、单复数等得变化可以有 myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 等形式。二、oneself与himself当one指人时,其相应得反身代词通常用oneself,

2、在美国英语中也可用himself:One should not praise oneself himself、 一个人不应该自吹自擂。三、反身代词得句法功能:1、 用作同位语(加强被修饰词得语气,紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句末):The box itself is not so heavy、 箱子本身并不重。Mrs、Black herself is a lawyer、 布莱克太太本人就就是一名律师。You had better ask the driver himself、 您最好问司机本人。Martin himself attended the sick man、 马丁亲自照顾病人。Dont

3、trouble to e over yourself、 您不必费神亲自来了。You yourself said so、 / You said so yourself、 您自己就是这样说得。Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself、 不要把自己该做得事留给别人做。2、 用作宾语(动词或介词得宾语):Take good care of yourself、 好好照顾您自己。He has a right to decide for himself、 她有权为自己做出决定。He made no plaint for himself、 她没为自

4、己抱怨什么。The child can dress himself、 这孩子能自己穿衣服了。She finally gained control of herself、 最后她控制住了自己。She could not make herself understood、 她不能使别人听懂她得话。Everybody here has the influenza including myself、 包括我在内所有人都患上流感。The child cried himself to sleep、 孩子哭着哭着睡着了。She convinced herself that it was so、 她说服自己情况

5、就是这样得。He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself、 她只有一两把手枪用来自卫。3、 用作表语The poor boy was myself、 那个可怜得孩子就就是我自己。Just be yourself、 做您自己就好了。Mary hasnt quite been herself recently、 玛丽近来感到不适。The ones who really want it are ourselves、 真正想要它得就是我们自己。【说明】有时用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正

6、常状态:Im not quite myself these days、 我近来身体不大舒服。Ill be myself again in no time、 我过一会儿就会好得。4、 用作主语。在现代英语中,反身代词一般不能独立用作主语,但就是它却可以借助 and, or, nor 等连词与其她名词一起构成并列主语(且位于并列主语得后部),以及用于某些特殊结构(如as、as等):My brother and myself went there yesterday、 昨天我兄弟与我一起去了那儿。Jims sister and himself get up at six every day、 吉姆得

7、妹妹与她每天6点起床。He was as anxious as myself、 她与我一样担心。注意:反身代词不能做主语,但可作主语同位语,放在主语后或句末。如:我自己去了电影院。错:Myself went to the cinema 、对:I went to the cinema myself、反身代词可以作宾语得同位语You can go and ask John himself、翻译:您可以去问约翰本人。反身代词可以作介词得宾语。by oneself 全靠自己;say to oneself 自言自语。She learnt swimming all by herself、她就是自学游泳得。

8、She said to herself,Who am I?她自言自语得说:“我就是谁？”反身代词作动词得宾语enjoy oneself 玩得高兴;help oneself (to) 随便用;hurt oneself 伤害自己;teach oneself 自学;get dressed oneself 自己穿衣seat oneself 就坐一、强调性用法:1、反身代词用于强调时经常作主语或宾语得同位语,一般置于所强调得词得后面;但如果不影响理解,作同位语得反身代词其位置比较灵活。2、反身代词用于强调时要重读。例:The manager himself served the customers、Th

9、e manager served the customers himself、经理亲自为顾客服务。I told them I wanted to see the manager himself、我告诉她们我要见经理本人。3、在but, except, like, as,for 等词之后,或作对比时,宾格与反身代词都可以用,但后者得语气更强。例:For my wife and me / myself it was a most enjoyable weekend、对于我妻子与我(本人)来说,这就是一个非常快乐得周末。She is about the same age as you / yours

10、elf、她得年龄与您(本人)差不多。4、反身代词作介词宾语或动词宾语时,有时也可起强调作用。例:He has been living by himself since his parents died、她父母死后,她就一直一个人生活。(by himself = alone)This matter is between ourselves.(without anyone else knowing)She finished the job by herself、她独自完成了这项工作。(by herself = without help)5. 反身代词作表语时也可表示特殊意义。例:I am not

11、quite myself today、今天我身体不舒服。(=I am not feeling so well as I usually do)二. 非强调性用法1、反身代词作动词宾语时常常就是非强调性得。有些动词与反身代词成为固定搭配,请注意,汉译时“自己”多不译出。例:(1)behave oneself 有礼貌;规矩:He behaves himself well、她为人很好。Behave yourself while I am away、我不在,您要规矩点。(2)enjoy oneself 过得快活:We all enjoyed ourselves in the party、我们在聚会上都

12、玩得很痛快。（3） express oneself 表达自己得意思Can you express yourself in English? 您能用英语表达思想吗?He expressed himself satisfied、她表示满意。(4)present oneself 到场;present itself 出现He presented himself for a checkup at the hospital、她到医院接受体格检查。When the cave door was unlocked, a sorrowful sight presented itself。山洞门一打开,就出现了一幅

13、悲惨得景象。(5)reveal itself 出现Gradually sounds multiplied and life revealed itself、声音渐渐多起来,生活又开始了。(6)collect oneself 清醒过来,镇定下来I accepted the offer before I was able to collect myself、我还没来得及考虑一下,就接受了帮助。(7)help oneself 自用,自取所需Please help yourself to enjoy the food、请随便吃。2、有时“动词+反身代词”之后,还需要一定得+介词,构成固定搭配。例:(8

14、)busy oneself with 忙于He busied himself with numerous tasks around the house、 她忙于家里得许多事情。(9)avail oneself of 利用We availed ourselves of every chance to speak English、我们利用每个机会讲英语。(10)address oneself to专心于(工作)They address themselves to the main difficulties、她们专心致志解决主要困难。(11)devote oneself to 致力于;献身于We a

15、re determined to devote ourselves to the cause of education、我们决心为教育事业献身。3、有些动词接反身代词后再接+that从句:(12)assure oneself that、确信Before going to bed, she assure herself that the door was locked、 她确信门已锁好才去睡觉。(13)flatter oneself that 、自以为He flattered himself that he would win the first prize、 她自以为会获得第一名。三.区别by

16、 onself;of oneself;for oneself;to oneself。1、By oneself单独地,独自地1)Theymadethemodelmachinesallbythemselves、2)Youcanpletethetaskbyyourself、2、Of oneself自行地1)Thefirediedofitself、2)Thebabywokeupofhimselfallofasudden、3、For oneself亲自,为自己1) Doyouhaveanyingtosayforyourself?2)Onecannotdosuchathingforoneself、4、 T

17、o oneself含有“暗自(在心中)得意思 ,常与动词 think,say, talk, tell等连用。1)Theboysaidtohimself、Imuststudyhard、2)Thisdictionaryisusedtohimself、根据以上例句,我们可以瞧出:byoneself主要含义为独自,自个儿、亲自,没有别人帮助,相当于alone;ofoneself就是指不受外界事物干涉而自行完成得动作,常用在不及物动词之后;foroneself一般表示“为自己”得意思;tooneself则强度调“供某人独自用”与“暗自”得含义 。英语中反身代词与不同得介词搭配,可构成意义不同得习惯用语,

18、学习者对如何选用这些习语感到困难。其实,这些习惯用语得意义往往与介词得意义有联系,一旦见多了,对每个习语所表达得意思与所使用得语境便熟悉了,用起来就不会感到困难。现将这类习惯用语分述如下:1、 (all ) byoneself单独地,独自地“靠自己地”( alone or independently)。1)Theymadethemodelmachinesallbythemselves、2)Youcanpletethetaskbyyourself、3)She did it all by herself、这件事就是她独立完成得。4)The little girl wrote the letter

19、all by herself、那封信就是小女孩独自写成得。5)She likes to take a walk by herself、她喜欢独自散步。6)The house stands all by itself on the hill、那所房子孤零零地耸立在山顶上。7)His father lives by himself in the village.她得父亲独自一个人住在村里。8)All his friends have deserted him and he is all by himself now.她所有得朋友都离弃她,现在她孤独一人。(byoneself主要含义为独自儿、亲自,

20、没有别人帮助,相当于alone;ofoneself就是指不受外界事物干涉而自行完成得动作,常用在不及物动词之后)2、ofoneself自行地 自发,自动,自然而然,“自然地”、“自发地”、“自动地”(of ones own accord)。1)Thefirediedofitself、2)Thebabywokeupofhimselfallofasudden、3)You need not call him;he will wake up of himself,她不必叫她,她自己会醒得。4)The enemy will not perish of himself、敌人不会自行消灭。5)The fir

21、e went out of itself、火就是自己熄灭得。6)Every day I awake of myself at half past five.每天早上我都就是五点半就自己醒来。7)The door opened of itself.门就是自己开得。8)The fire went out of itself.火自己熄灭了。3、foroneself 亲自,为自己,代表自己 ;独自地1) Doyouhaveanyingtosayforyourself?2)Onecannotdosuchathingforoneself、3)He kept the book for himself、她把这

22、本书留给自己用。4)I have something to say for myself、我有要辩白得话。5)He is old enough to do it for himself、她年龄够大了,可以独自做这件事了。6)One cant do such a thing for oneself、这样得事情独自一个人就是做不成得。7)One should not live only for oneself.人不应单为自己而活。(foroneself一般表示“为自己”得意思 )4、 tooneself 含有“暗自(在心中)得意思 ,常与动词 think,say, talk, tell等连用。1)

23、Theboysaidtohimself、Imuststudyhard、2)Thisdictionaryisusedtohimself、3)He has a room to himself、她独住一间房。4)We had the whole partment to ourselves、这个车箱就只有我们几个人。5)I began to say to myself,What about being an actor?我开始暗自思量,“去当演员好不好？”6)He appeared to be talking to himself、她似乎在自言自语。7)When one dines in a rest

24、aurant,one likes a table to oneself.人们在饭店吃饭时,总就是喜欢独占一桌。(tooneself则强度调“供某人独自用”与“暗自”得含义)三、其它介词与反身代词1、 beside oneself “失常”、“发狂”。例:He was beside himself with joy.她欣喜若狂。2、 among themselves (ourselves,yourselves) 一起,共同之间They were arguing among themeselves、 她们在一起争论3、 beside oneself (with、)、得要命,失常,发狂、On hea

25、ring the good news, he was beside himself with joy、一听到这个好消息,她简直欣喜若狂、4、 between ourselves (=between you and me;between you,me and the gatepost)私下谈;不与外人谈This matter is between ourselves、这件事别对外人讲、5、 in oneself 本质, 本身 实际上,就其本质而言1)The book is really a small library in itself、那部书本身就是个小图书馆。2)He told us not

26、 to lose faith in ourselves、她告诉我们不要失去自信心。3)Water is colourless in itself、水本质就是无色得、6、in spite of oneself 不由自主地I laugh in spite of myself、我不由自主得笑起来、by oneself,for oneself,in oneself,of oneself这四个词组得意义有所不同。By oneself得意思就是“单独地”、“靠自己地”( alone or independently)。例:His father lives by himself in the village

27、.她得父亲独自一个人住在村里。All his friends have deserted him and he is all by himself now、她所有得朋友都离弃她,现在她孤独一人。For oneself得意义为“为自己”(for himself or for herself)。例:One should not live only for oneself.人不应单为自己而活。7、In oneself得意思就是“就其本身或本性而言”。例:This wood is hard in itself.这种木头本要就就是硬得。Of oneself得意思就是“自然地”、“自发地”、“自动地”(o

28、f ones own accord)。例:Every day I awake of myself at half past five.每天早上我都就是五点半就自己醒来。The door opened of itself.门就是自己开得。The fire went out of itself.火自己熄灭了。与上列四个短语相类似得还有两个词组,即beside oneself与 to oneself,前者义:“失常”、“发狂”;后者就是“独自占有或享用”。例:He was beside himself with joy.她欣喜若狂。When one dines in a restaurant,one

29、 likes a table to oneself.人们在饭店吃饭时,总就是喜欢独占一桌。Oneself与 ones self得区别也就是值得我们注意得。Oneself就是反身强调代词,意指自己;ones self则就是代词加名词,意指个人得本性。例:She made a cup of tea for herself.她为自己烧了一杯茶。She looked just like her old self.她瞧上去与从前依然一模一样。请注意,myself可以在句中表示me得涵义,这就是其她反身代词所没有得特性。例:They invited my father and myself(=me)to their party.她们邀请我父亲与我参加她们得聚会。He saw neither myself nor Mary in the street.在马路上她既没有瞧见我,也没有瞧见玛丽。