高考英语二轮复习教案（新高考专用）阅读理解03细节理解.docx

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1、【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义阅读理解解密03细节理解的复习要点【构建知识体系】细节理解题考点1事实细节题考点2细节转换与是非判断题考点3数字计算题【英语学科素养解读】题型解读命题 要求素养解读要求考生阅读4篇短 文，从每题所给的4个选 项中选出最佳选项。题材 广泛，包括科普、社会、 文化、政治、经济等多方 面内容。体裁多样，以记 叙文、议论文、说明文为 主。考查 主旨 细节理解、 推理判断、 词义猜测、 篇章结构 等。主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意 和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细 节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解 全文的基础上运用概括、判断

2、、归纳、推理等逻辑 方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要 高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。【剖析全国高考真题】 预测高考命题方向2023年命题解读和近年考点再现细节理解考点1事实细节1.A【2022.新高考I卷】 Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.Essays (60%)Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the g

3、rade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.Group Assignments (30%)食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世 界上第三大温室气体排放国。可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的 危害。故选B。6. D细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns

4、it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished （有瑕疵的） produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.（科廷是华盛顿 DC 中央

5、厨房的首席 执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的 农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者 们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用户可知，科廷的公司用人们不 想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D。7. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking r

6、estaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat J Curtin says.（“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用,无 论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说广 可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A。2.D【2022新高考I卷】Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m and a to the rare clicks of some southern African lan

7、guages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the worlds languages.More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called la

8、biodentals, such as f and v，were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adult

9、s were aligned （对齐）,making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure （结构），making it easier to produce such sounds.The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agri

10、culture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didnt have to do as much work and so didnt grow to be so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of

11、 f and V9 increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of manyhunter-gatherer people today.This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. The set of

12、speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution/ said Steven Moran, a member of the research te

13、am.12. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damian Blasis research fbcus on?A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development.13. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.B. They could not open

14、and close their lips easily.C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.【答案】12.D13.C【解析】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发 现了新的语音。12. D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodental

15、s, such as f and v, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. （30 多年前， 学者 Charles Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“产和“丁，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更 常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian

16、 Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方 式和原因。）”可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D。13. C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws ch

17、anged to an overbite structure , making it easier to produce such sounds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产 生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颗变成了覆盖咬合结构， 更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颗结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选 Co3.【2022年新高考全国H卷】BWe journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young peop

18、le dont even realize its new. For them, its just normal.This hit hom for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a childrens book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures a perfect match for his age.Picture this: my grandson

19、 sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes （戳）the page with his finger.Whats up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was

20、confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.Sorr

21、y, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. Ifs an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but Im not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. Tve even built websites.There9s one notable gap i

22、n my new-media experience, however: Ive spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made fbr radio. But that didnt stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.Anyway, grandpa is n

23、ow an internet star - two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.5. Why did the kid poke the storybook?A. He took it for a tablet computer.C. He was angry with his grandpa.6. What does the author think of himself?A. S

24、ocially ambitious.C. Financially independent.7.B , He disliked the colorful pictures.D. He wanted to read it by himself.B Physically attractive.D. Digitally competent.What can we learn about the author as a journalist?A. He lacks experience in his job.C. He manages a video department.【答案】5. A6. D7.

25、BB. He seldom appears on television.D. He often interviews internet stars.【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子 拿了一本儿童读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。5 .细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that c

26、ome alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.（事实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他的父亲经常 用一台装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开心，当你戳它们的时候,这些图片就会变得栩栩如生。 他认为我的故事书就是那样的广可知，那孩子戳故事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。故选Ao6 .细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well, I may be old, but Im not hopelessly challenged,digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I us

27、e mobile payment. Tve even built websites. （我可能老了，但从数字角度来说，我还没有毫无希望的挑战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我 用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站广可知，作者认为自己懂数码技术。故选D。7 .细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Theres one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: Tve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio.（然而，在我 的新媒体体验中有一个明显的差距：我很

28、少在镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的）” 可知，作者作为记者他很少上电视。故选B。4.B【2021 .全国新高考I卷】By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova 一 not as a musician but as her page turner. Tm not a trained musician, but Ive learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her perfbrmance.”Mr Titte

29、rton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the groups official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesnt have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those

30、playing instruments on stage.“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you dont turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot. Mr Titterton explained.Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces

31、of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.But like all performances, there

32、 are moments when things go wrong. I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,“ Mr Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming conc

33、ert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.“My husband is the worst page turner/9 she laughed. Hes interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: Turn, turn! “Robert is the best page turner Ive had in my entire life/924. What should Titte

34、rton be able to do to be a page turner?B. Play the piano.D. Fix the instruments.B. Recognizing the nodding”.D. Performing in his own style.A. Read music.C. Sing songs.26. What does Titterton need to practise?A. Counting the pages.C. Catching falling objects.27. Why is Ms Raspopovas husband the worse

35、 page turner”?A He has very poor eyesight.B. He ignores the audience.C. He has no interest in music.D. He forgets to do his job.【答案】24. A26. B27. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了为钢琴演奏者做翻页工作的Robert Titterton和他 的工作情况。24.细节理解题。根据第一段Im not a trained musician, but Tve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her

36、performance.（我不是受过训练的音乐家，但我学会了识谱，这样我就可以在 Maria的表演中帮助她）“可知,Titterton因为识谱，所以可以在Maria的钢琴表演中为她翻页。 故选A项。26 .细节理解题。根据第四段“Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding“ to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.（无声的舞台交流是关键，每个钢琴家都有自己的“

37、点头”风格来表示翻页，他们需要和 翻页者进行练习）”可知，Titterton需要和钢琴演奏者练习识别他们的“点头”示意来翻页。故 选B项。27 .细节理解题。根据最后一段Hes interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: 叮urn, turn!，（他对音乐很感兴趣，感受着每一个音符，所以我不得不说：“翻页，翻页！ ”广 可知，Ms Raspopova的丈夫因为对音乐感兴趣，所以帮她翻页的时候总是沉浸在音乐中而 忘掉自己的工作，她不得不去提醒。故选D项。5.B 2021年新高考全国H卷】I have worked

38、 as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos dont make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.Ive got two children-the younger one, Kynan, was

39、extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasnt worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.

40、As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise theyd get up to mischief. We*d come down in the morning to find they*d turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.Things quick

41、ly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk，washing baby bottles, and cleaning th

42、e floors.When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them.For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs werent there.Im not sad abou

43、t it. Im hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.4. Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home?A.To ensure their survival.B.To observe their differences.C.To teach them life skills.D.To let them play with his kids.7. Why did the author d

44、ecide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo?A.They frightened the children.B.They became difficult to contain.C.They annoyed the neighbours.D.They started fighting each other.【答案】4. A7. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候照 顾它们。介绍了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。4.细节理解题。根据第一段中Globally, a third of Sumat

45、ran cubs in zoos dont make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.（在全球范围内，动物园里三 分之一的苏门答腊老虎幼崽活不到成年，所以我决定在家里全天候照顾它们广可知，作者把 老虎幼崽带回家是为了确保他们的存活。故选A。7.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we kne

46、w it really was time for them to go.（当 Spot和Stripe四个月大的时候，他们正在学习如何开门和跳栅栏，我们知道是时候让他们离 开了户可知，作者决定把Spot和Stripe送回动物园是因为他们变得难以控制。故选B。6.B【2020新高考全国n卷（海南卷）】The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of nfor

47、bidden fruit* that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol （手枪）.I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.Please bring that pistol to me,n I said. nIm going to put it in my Grandmas Box.” Whats that?” they asked.Its a large wooden chest full of toys for my

48、grandchildren/ I replied, nYou dont have grandchildren/ someone said.HI don*t now. I replied. nBut someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them.1My imaginary Grandmas Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes, students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away-since I seldom actually kept them Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.The-years went by,