高三英语阅读拓展训练4：算盘.docx

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1、高中英语阅读拓展训练4：算盘阅读训练：阅读短文，从题中所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AbacusThe abacus was invented on the basis that Chinese used the counting-rod (算筹) for a long period. In ancient times, people used small sticks to count. Later, with the development of productivity, the amount requiring calculation was greater, and

2、calculation with counting-rods limited the calculation. Thus, people invented a more advanced counter the abacus.The abacus is rectangular with wooden frame on the four sides and small rods fixed inside strung with wooden beads (珠子); a girder (横梁) across the middle separates the abacus into two part

3、s: each rod has two beads on its upper part, each representing five, and five beads on the lowerpart, each representing one.With the application of the abacus, people summarized many abacus rhymes, increasing the calculating speed. By the time of the Ming Dynasty (1368 AD 1644 AD), people could use

4、the abacus in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, which were widely used in calculating weight, amount, space and volume.Since it is simple to make an abacus and cheap to buy one, and it is easy to remember abacus rhymes, simple and convenient to calculate with an abacus, it is widel

5、y used in China. There are many experts in the use of the abacus in all trades and professions, and some people can use an abacus with two hands at the same time.Later the abacus gradually spread into Japan, Korea, America, and countries and regions in Southeast Asia. People find that using an abacu

6、s can improve thinking and practical abilities in addition to providing convenient calculation. Since it requires cooperation of the mind, eyes and hand, it is a good way to improve the comprehensive reaction ability.1. What was the abacus invented based on?A. The calculator.B. The counting-rod.C. T

7、he sticks.D. The counter.2. Why did people summarize abacus rhymes?A. Because they helped interest students in the abacus.B. Because they helped increase the calculating speed.C. Because they helped reduce the cost of the abacus.D. Because they helped promote the use of the abacus.3. Which of the fo

8、llowing is not the advantage of the abacus?A. It is simple to make an abacus.B. It is cheap to buy an abacus.C. It is easy to remember abacus rhymes.D. It is difficult to break an abacus.4. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A. The abacus is used only in China.B. Using an abacus can reduce thi

9、nking.C. The abacus can provide convenient calculation.D. Using an abacus does harm to eyes.变式训练1：语法填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式并说明原因。AbacusThe abacus 1. _ (invent) on the basis 2. _ Chinese used the counting-rod (算筹) for a long period. In ancient times, people used small sticks 3. _ (count). Later, w

10、ith the 4. _ (develop) of 5. _ (produce), the amount requiring calculation was greater, and calculation with counting-rods limited the calculation. Thus, people invented a more advanced counter the abacus.The abacus is rectangular with 6. _ (wood) frame on the four sides and small rods 7. _ (fix) in

11、side strung with wooden beads (珠子); a girder (横梁) across the middle separates the abacus 8. _ two parts: each rod has two beads on its upper part, each representing five, and five beads on the lowerpart, each representing one.With the 9. _ (apply) of the abacus, people summarized many abacus rhymes,

12、 increasing the calculating speed. By the time of the Ming Dynasty (1368 AD 1644 AD), people could use the abacus in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, 10. _ were widely used in calculating weight, amount, space and volume.Since it is simple 11. _ (make) an abacus and cheap to buy o

13、ne, and it is easy to remember abacus rhymes, simple and convenient to calculate with an abacus, it is 12. _ (wide) used in China. There are many experts in the use of the abacus in all trades and professions, and some people can use an abacus 13. _ two hands at the same time.Later the abacus 14. _

14、(gradual) spread into Japan, Korea, America, and countries and regions in Southeast Asia. People find that 15. _ (use) an abacus can improve thinking and practical abilities in addition to providing convenient calculation. Since it requires cooperation of the mind, eyes and hand, it is a good way to

15、 improve the comprehensive reaction ability.变式训练2：翻译句子1. 算盘是长方形的，四周是木框，里面固定着一根根小木棍，小木棍上串着木珠。2. 随着算盘的使用，人们总结出许多珠算口诀，加快了计算速度。3. 由于算盘制作简单、价格便宜，珠算口诀便于记忆、运算又简便，所以算盘在中国被广泛使用。4. 人们在使用过程中发现，使用算盘，除了提供方便的运算外，还能锻炼思维能力和动手能力。5. 因为打算盘需要脑、眼、手的密切配合，是提升综合反应能力的一种好方法。语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国古代一项伟大的发明算盘。参考译文：算盘算盘是中国人在长期使用

16、算筹的基础上发明的。古时候，人们用小木棍进行计算。 后来，随着生产的发展，需要计算的数目越来越大，用小木棍计算受到了限制。于是，人们发明了更先进的计算器算盘。算盘是长方形的，四周是木框，里面固定着一根根小木棍，小木棍上串着木珠，中间有一根横梁把算盘分成两部分：每根木棍的上半部有两个珠子，每个珠子代表五；下半部有五个珠子，每个珠子代表一。随着算盘的使用，人们总结出许多珠算口诀，加快了计算速度。到了明代（13681644），人们已能用算盘进行加减乘除，这些运算被广泛用于计算物体的重量、数量、面积和体积。由于算盘制作简单、价格便宜，珠算口诀便于记忆、运算又简便，所以算盘在中国被广泛使用。中国各行各业

17、都有一批打算盘的高手，而且有的人能用左右两只手同时打算盘。算盘后来陆续流传到了日本、朝鲜、美国和东南亚国家和地区。人们在使用过程中发现，使用算盘，除了提供方便的运算外，还能锻炼思维能力和动手能力。因为打算盘需要脑、眼、手的密切配合，是提升综合反应能力的一种好方法。词汇积累：阅读训练参考答案：1. B细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话“The abacus was invented on the basis that Chinese used the counting-rod for a long period.”可知，算盘是中国人在长期使用算筹的基础上发明的。故答案为B。2. B推理判断题。根据第

18、三段第一句话“With the application of the abacus, people summarized many abacus rhymes, increasing the calculating speed.”可知，随着算盘的使用，人们总结出许多珠算口诀，使计算的速度更快了。由此推断，人们总结出珠算口诀的目的就是为了提高计算的速度。故答案为B。3. D细节理解题。根据第四段第一句话“Since it is simple to make an abacus and cheap to buy one, and it is easy to remember abacus rhym

19、es, simple and convenient to calculate with an abacus, it is widely used in China.”可知，算盘制作简单、价格便宜，珠算口诀便于记忆、运算简便，但并没有提到算盘难以摔坏是其优点。故答案为D。4. C细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句话“Later the abacus gradually spread into Japan, Korea, America, and countries and regions in Southeast Asia.”可知，算盘流传到了日本、朝鲜、美国和东南亚国家和地区，而不是只有中国使用算

20、盘，可排除选项A；根据最后一段第二句话“People find that using an abacus can improve thinking”可知，使用算盘有锻炼思维能力的作用，而不是降低思维能力，可排除选项B；根据最后一段最后一句话“Since it requires cooperation of the mind, eyes and hand, it is a good way to improve the comprehensive reaction ability.”可知，打算盘需要脑、眼、手的密切配合，是训练综合反应能力的一种好方法，很显然，这对眼睛是有好处的，可排除选项D；根据最后一段第二句话的“ providing convenient calculation”可知，使用算盘方便运算。故答案为C。变式训练1&2参考答案见短文学科网（北京）股份有限公司