高中英语人教版必修一知识总结.docx

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1、高中英语必修一知识总结Welcome UnitPart one Vocabulary1. exchange n.交换；交流vt.交换；交流；交易；兑换In exchange (for.)作为(与的)交换exchange student 交换生exchange A for B以A交换B：把A兑换成Bexchange sth. with sb.与某人交流/交换某物exchange opi n ions/i deas/v i ews 交流意见/想法/看法2. design1) n.设计；图案；构思；打算，意图。make designs for 为做设计 by design (=on purpose)

2、故意地 2) vt.设计，构思；计划；意欲。design sth. for.为.设计某物be designed to do.旨在做.，用于做.3. anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的be be be beanxious anxious anxious anxiousfor sb. / about sth.为某人/某事担心for.渴望.(for sb.) to do sth.渴望(某人)做某事 that.渴望.4. annoyed adj.恼怒的;生气的be annoyed with sb.生某人的气be annoyed at/about sth.因某事生气be annoyed to do做

3、感到生气5. senior adj.级别(或地位)高的n.较年长的人 senior high (school)高中be senior to sb.比某人的地位/职位高6. impress vt.使钦佩;给留下深刻的好印象vi.留下印象；引人注目have a(n) impression of对有象leave/make a(n) . impression on sb.给某人留下印象(be) under the impression that.以为，(通常指)误认为7. concentrate on 集中精力于8. leave. alone不打扰,不惊动9. explore vt. & vi.探索；

4、勘探exploration n.探索，探测explorer n.探险者；勘探者；考察者10. confident adj.自信的；有把握的be confident about 对有信心be confident of (doing) sth.对(做)有把握be confident that.确信11. 1 ook forward to 盼望;期待12. organise vt.组织；筹备；安排；组建vi.组建；成立 organisation n.组织；团体；机构Part two Grammar她丈夫对她的新发型没做任何评论，这令她有点失望。Her husband made no comment

5、on/ about her new hair-style, which made her a little disappointed.【重点短语】1. take control of.控制；接管他虽然已到退休年龄，但仍大权在握。He s reached retiring age, but he is still firmly in control.谁能管住这些淘气的孩子？Who can take control of these naughty children?这些孩子自他们的父亲离开后就无法无天了。The children are completely out of control sin

6、ce their father left.2. make up虚构；弥补；形成，组成；化妆；讲和；和好Five doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team.The medical team is made up of five doctors and ten nurses.汤姆编故事来逗乐他弟弟。Tom makes up stories to amuse his little brother.Caroline doesn, t have a gift for music, but she makes up for it with hard w

7、ork.Check in在旅馆登记住宿；住宿；报到；签到；接收并登记。Check out结账离开，核实无误。【重点句型】全部倒装Below are two texts about Peru. Look through them quick!y.以下是秘鲁的两篇短文。快速浏览它们。Especially amazing is the incas dry stone method of building.特别让人惊奇的是印加人的干石建筑法。句式仿写这些书中有我最喜爱的故事书。Among the books is my favourite book.强调句型：It is for this reason

8、 that Spanish is the main official language of Peru.正是因为如此，西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。句式仿写是我明天要去青岛。It is I who am going to Qingdao tomorrow.as引导的从句课本原句Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spend a day driving along the new high way connecting Cusco to Lake Titicaca.沿着连接库斯科到的的喀喀湖的新公路，你可以欣赏美丽的乡村。仿写当我到达学校门口时，.Jus

9、t as I got to the school gate, I realized I had left my book in the cafe,句式扩展虽然你聪明，.Clever as you are, I think you will fail if you don, t work hard,据今天的报纸报道，那位著名的音乐家下周要来我们的城市举办音乐会。As is reported in todayr s newspaper, the famous musician is to give a concert in our city.3. Can hardly/can, t wait to

10、 do 迫不及待做某事我听说这是一个令人惊叹的景象，我迫不及待的想去。I have heard that it is an amazing sight, and I can, t wait to go.毕业生迫不及待地要离开学校去工作。The graduates can t wait to leave school to work.Unit 3【重点单词】honour n.荣誉；尊敬；荣幸(1) in honour of为了表示对的敬意；为了纪念(2) have the honour to do/of doing.有幸做=be/feel honoured to do/of doing.为做而感

11、到荣幸(3) It，s an honour to do.很荣幸做honour v.尊敬(某人)；给予表扬(或奖励、头衔、称号)(4) honour sb. with sth. for.因授予某人某物(5) be honoured as.被尊称为-*honourable adj.光荣的;高尚的determine vt.决定；判决(1) determine to do.决定做(表示动作)(2) be determined to do.决心做(表示状态)(3) determine on/upon 决定f determination n.决心； 决定with determination坚决地；果断地f

12、 determined adj.坚决的；坚定的；果断的injure vt.(使)受伤；损害f injured adj.受伤的；有伤的(1) the injured 伤员injury n.伤害； 损伤(2)do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb.害某人strength n.力量；体力(1)buiId up ones strength/body 强身健体(2) strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点(3)The strength of. is that. 的优点是f strong adj.强壮的-*strengthen vt.加强；巩固fail

13、 v.失败；不及格(1)fail to do.未能做(2) fail in doing sth .在(做)失败-failure n.失败；失败的人(或事物)(3)end in failure以失败告终易错点拨(l)failure表示抽象意义的“失败”时，不可数；表示具体意义“失败的人或事”时，则可 数。(2)failure后可接不定式作定语，但不接of doing. ocompete vi.竞争；对抗(1) compete in参加比赛；在方面竞争(2) compete for 为而竞争(3) compete with/against. for.为争取而与对抗/竞争-competition n

14、.竞争-*competitive adj.竞争的;有竞争性的 competitor n.竞争者pretend vi.&vt.假装；装扮 pretend to be+n./adj.假装是pretend to do sth.假装做某事pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做某事pretend to have done sth.假装已经做 了某事 pretend that 假装拓展appear,和 pretend 有类似用法(后接 to do/to be doing/to have done)的动词还有 happen, seem, claim 等及 be said to 结构。di

15、et n.规定饮食；日常饮食vi.节食 a balanced diet 平衡膳食 be on a diet 节食 go on a diet 节食stress n.压力；紧张；重音 (l)undcr stress在压力之下(2) put sb. under great stress使某人感到沉重的压力(3) lay/place/put stress on sth.强调某事物stress vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安vi.焦虑不安stress the importance of .强调的重要性f stressful adj.紧张的;有压力的positive adj.积极的；正面的;乐观的；肯定的(

16、l)on the positive side 从好的方面看(2)be positive about sth.对某事有信心/乐观(3)be positive that.对有把握;信心【重点短语】come along跟随；到达；进步；赶快；出现come up with想出；提出come about 发生come across穿过(路、桥)；(偶然)遇见；发现come out出来；(书等)出版；发行come to苏醒；总计；达到；谈到 When it comes to.当谈到work out锻炼；计算出；解决；理解；(有预期的)结果 work on从事；继续work at从事，致力于work as充

17、当,作为而工作at/out of work在工作/失业make a difference对有作用/有影响make use of利用；使用make it获得成功；准时到达manage it能做到set an example (for sb)(为.某人)树立榜样 follow sb. * s example学某人的样子 be an example to sb.成为某人的榜样 for example 例如fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃fall down摔倒fall off从掉下来fall behind落后,跟不上fall over跌倒，绊倒fall into养成，染上fall out (头发等

18、)脱落；吵架语境助记A banana skin fell off the table. The little girl didn，t see it. She stepped on it and fell over. Whats worse, her bowl broke into pieces. Quickly, her mother ran in and picked her up. If she falls into the habit of depending on parents in everything, the girl will fall behind others in ti

19、me.香蕉皮从桌子上掉下来。小女孩没有看见。她踩到上面滑倒了。更糟的是，她的碗摔成了碎 片。她妈妈立刻跑进来扶起她。如果小女孩养成事事依赖父母的习惯，她迟早会落后于其他孩子 的。lose heart丧失信心；泄气(l)put ones heart into 一心扑在上learn sth. by heart 背诵；记牢strike . into ones heart 使刻骨铭心from the bottom of sb. , s heart 从某人的心底(2)heart and soul全心全意地give up放弃；投降give away分发；赠送；泄露give back 归还give off发

20、出(光、热、声音、气味等)give out分发；用完；耗尽give in屈服；投降；让步；上交make sense有道理；合乎情理；表达清楚(l)make sense of 理解；明白make no sense 没意义(2) in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说in no sense决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装)common sense 常识There is no/little sense in doing sth.做某事没道理make a difference有作用或影响;有差别，造成影响,起作用make some difference to 对有些关系make no/litt

21、le difference 没影响，不重要tel 1 the difference between. and.辨别出rather than 而不是1. ) rather than 而不是rather sb. than sb.不想做别人要去做的事2. ) or rather更确切地说；更准确地讲(3)would rather do sth.than do sth. would do sth. rather than do sth. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿而不愿；与其倒不如(4)would rather +从句用过去时，表示对现在或将来的虚拟

22、用过去完成时，表示对过去的 虚拟cut out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下cut in插嘴，打断讲话cut across抄近路穿过；横越cut down砍倒；缩减cut off切断；割掉；截断(退路等)cut up切碎；伤心now and then有时，偶尔now and then 有时；偶尔sometimes 有时at times有时;偶尔occasionally 偶尔once in a while 偶尔，有时compare. with/to 与比较【重点句型】Its up to sb. to do sth.做某事由某人来决定。up to多达be up to (doing) sth. 正在(

23、做)；从事于；胜任做up to now 到目前为止when引导时间状语从句，意为“当时候”。when, while和as都可引导时间状语从句其具体含义和用法如下：(Dwhen ”当时候”，可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作 之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生(2)while ”当时候”，一般只可与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时发生(3)as 一边一边”常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或儿乎同时发 生When you apply for a job, you must present your credentials.当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证书。

24、Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.客人们就要吃完的时候，玛丽去煮咖啡了。(3)As he grew older, he became less active.随着他逐渐长大，他变得不那么活泼了。名师点津如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的 动作时，when, while与as可互换使用。Whcn/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend.我正沿着大街走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个

25、老朋友。even if/though引导让步状语从句，语气较强，此外，if, though, although也可引导让步 状语从句；意为“虽然，尽管二If life there was ful1 of hardships, it was also full of joy and excitement. 虽然那儿的生活非常艰苦，但是也非常愉快和令人兴奋的。(这里的if相当于even if) Air exists everywhere although we can t see it.尽管我们看不见空气，但它却无处不在。Even though/if I understand what you s

26、ay, I cant agree with you.虽然我理解你说的话，但我不同意你的意见。once引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦就”once在本句中引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦就如果once引导的从句的主语与 主句的主语一致，且从句中的谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时，或从句为“it be. ”形式时, 从句中的“主语+ be”或“it be”可以省略。Once trust is lost, what is left?一旦失去了信任，还剩下什么呢？Once the song is heard, it will never be forgotten. 一旦被听过，这首歌很难被忘记。Once se

27、en, the picture is difficult to forget.一旦看见，这幅画很难被忘记。Unit 4【知识清单】3. rescue vt.营救；救援(1)把某人从营救出来:rescue sb fromrescue n.营救；救援(2)进行营救：attempt a rescue(3)设法(实行)营救:make/perform a rescue(4)他答应在我有危险的时候会来救我。He promised to come to my rescue if I was in danger.4. damage vt.损坏、迫害。n.损失；损害弥补损失：recover a damage(2

28、)赔偿损失：pay for damage(3)遭受损失、蒙受损害：suffer damage(4)洪水对庄稼造成重大的损毁。The flood did/caused great damage to the crop.5. survive vi.生存；存活vt幸存、艰难度过(1)靠活下来；靠生存：survive on(2)比某人多活survive sb by(3)在这次空难中没有人幸免于难。Nobody survived the disaster.f survivor n.幸存者；生还者6. destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭(1)你的话会破坏孩子的自信心。Your words will dest

29、roy your child, s confidence.(2)我们不能再继续破坏环境了。We can t continue to destroy the environment.f destruction n.破坏;毁灭7. affect vt影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动；使感染(疾病) (1)我们被他的真诚深深打动。We were affected by his sincerity.如今科技极大地影响了我们的生活。Nowadays technology has greatly affected our life.8. shelter n避难所；居所；庇护vt保护掩蔽躲避(1)那棵大树使我们

30、免受大雨的侵袭.The big tree sheltered us from the heavy rain.(2)这个计划是为无家可归的人提供住所。The plan is to provide shelter for the homeless.f effect n.影响；效果；结果9. ruin vt.破坏；毁坏(1)毁掉某人的希望、健康：ruin ones hope/healthruin n.破坏；毁坏(2)坍塌 fall into ruin(3)灾难过后，一切都成了废墟。After the disaster, everything was in ruins.10. shock n.震惊；令

31、人震惊的事；休克(1)文化冲击：culture shock(2)震惊；吃惊：in shockshock vt.使震惊对感到吃惊：be shocked at/by.(4)我们非常震惊地得知我们喜爱的这位作家已经去世。We were shocked to learn that our favorite writer had passed away11. trap vt.使落入险境；是陷入圈套n陷阱；险境(1)用捕捉；使困于：trap sb/sth in sth(2)诱骗某人使之采取某种行动：trap sb into sth/doing(3)震后，很多人被困于废墟下。After earthquake

32、, many people were trapped under the ruins.12. bury vt.埋葬；安葬(1)专心于(某事)：陷入，沉浸于；藏于：buryin.(2)埋头于；专心于 bury oneself in .(4)她以手掩面，痛哭起来。She buried her face in her hands and cried bitterly,13. effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力(1)努力做某事:make an effort/efforts to do sth(2)不遗余力：spare no effort(3)值得努力:be worth the effort(4)

33、毫不费力地：without effort他努力地说英语。He spoke in English with effort.14. suffer vt.遭受；蒙受(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(D 遭受：suffer from(2)遭受疼痛：suffer pain(3)他们公司去年生意亏损。Their company suffered loss in business last year,f suffering n.痛苦；苦难15. supply n.供应量;补给；补给品。(1)食物供应 food supply(2)供应不足 in short supplysupply vt.供应；供给(3)提供给某

34、人某物supply sb with sth(4)把某物提供给某人supply sth to sb(5)这家商店向顾客提供各种商品。The shop supplies all kinds of goods to customers.16. power n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力(1)某人有权、能力 within one s power(2)掌权 come into power(3)有权力做某事 have the power to do sth(4)停电 power failure(6)这里没有人有权在文件上签名。Nobody here has the power to sign the p

35、aper.f powerful adj.强有力的；强大的17. calm n.镇静的；沉着的(1)保持冷静:stay/keep/remain calm 她在危险面前能保持镇静。She can keep calm in the face of danger.calm vt.使平静；使镇静(2)使某人镇静下来：calm sb clown f calmly adv.平静地；冷静地 16. aid n.援助；帮助；救援物资(1)(对某人)实施急救 do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid (2)帮某人的忙 come to the aid of sb(3)为了帮

36、助：in aid of 为了帮助洪灾地区举行了一场音乐会。 A concert was given in aid of the flooded areas.(4)在的帮助下：with the aid ofaid v.帮助；援助(5)帮助某人做某事：aid sb in doing sth/aid sb to do sth(6)在某方面帮助某人:aid sb with sth18. sweep vt/vi.打扫；清扫(swept swept)(1)消灭;彻底清除:sweep away(2)打扫干净，清扫干净：sweep out(3)席卷;轻易通过:sweep through(4)打扫；清扫:swe

37、ep up(5)晚会结束后，她被留下来打扫卫生。She was left to sweep up after the party.19. wave n海浪；波浪(1) 一波一阵a wave ofwave vt/vi挥手；招手 (2)向挥手：wave at/to .她从街对面向我招手。She waved at me from across the street.(3)挥手告别:wave off f wavy adj波浪形的 19. strike vt/vi.侵袭；突击；击打 (1)打一个男孩:strike a boy (2)钟敲了十二下:strike twelve (3)打击敌人:strike

38、the enemy (4)某人忽然想起:It strikes sb that (5)我忽然想起家里一个人也没有。It struck me that there was no one at home.strike n.罢工；罢课；袭击开始罢工、罢课：be/go on strike20. deliver. vt递送,传达,发表(1)发货：deliver the goods(2)作报告:deliver a speech(3)接生：deliver a baby(4)送某人到家:deliver to sb s house (5)大卫会一大早起来送报纸。David would get up early i

39、n the morning to deliver newspaper.f delivery n递送，分娩21. summary n.总结；概括；概要(1)的摘要、总结：summary of(2)作总结：make a summary(3)总的来说，总之：in summary总之，这次运动取得了巨大的成功。Tn summary, the campaign has been a great success.f summarize vt 概述；总结22. effect n.影响；结果；效果(1)实行:bring/ put sth into effect(2)产生效果：bring about effec

40、t(3)生效;开始实施：come into effect/ take effect(4)实际上；事实上：in effect(5)从起开始生效：with effect from(6)这反过来又对狼的食物供应产生了影响。This in turn has effect on the food supply for wolves.f effective adj有效的；生效的23. length n.长；长度(1)最后,最终:at length(2)长度：in length.(3)十分详尽地:at great/ful 1 length.(4)桌子的长度是它的宽度的两倍。The length of the

41、 table is twice its breadth.f lengthen v (使)变长【重点短语】24. as if/though似乎，好像；仿佛(1)引导的从句所表示的内容若为事实或为事实。可用陈述语气；若为事实相反，应使用虚拟 语气。(2)他老爱说大话，就仿佛他是一位要人似的。He 1 ikes to talk big as if he was an important person.(3)听起来好像有人在敲门。It sounds as if/though there is a knock at the door.25. in the open air露天；在户外(1)乘飞机：by

42、air(2)在传播中：in the air(3)正在广播：on the air(4)停止广播：off the air(5)他正在户外散步。He is now taking a walk in the open air.26. on hand现有(尤指帮助)(1)交上；提交：hand in(2)分发:hand out(3)交出;移交：hand over(4)交付，传递：hand on(5)在手边；可能很快发生的:at hand(6)用手工：by hand(7)握手：shake hands(8)手拉手;密切关联:hand in hand(9)如今的女性非常忙碌。一方面，她们要照顾家庭；另一方面，许

43、多妇女又选择外出工作。Women today are very busy. On the one hand, they have to take care of their families; on the other hand, many women choose to go out to work.【重点句型】1 .主语+be+adj+(+for sb ) +to do课本原句(1)水、食物和电都很难获得.Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.句式仿写(2)火山喷发本身的确是很壮观的，我永远也忘不了我第一次看见火山喷发时的情景。The

44、volcanic eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one.2 . be doingwhen正在做,这时课本原句(1)我和我的三个孩子吃早餐的时候。水开始充满了我的家。I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.(2)我正往家走，老师好心地让我搭个便车。I was walking home when my teacher kindly ga

45、ve me a lift.句式拓展(3)她正要举手，这时下课了。She was about to raise her hand when class was over.Unit 5【知识清单】短语1. refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅2. ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱3. date back (to.) 追溯到对的态度4. the attitude to/towards5. pay attention to 注意6. be of great importance 很重要7. be known for 因而出名8. lead to 导致9. be connected wi

46、th 和有联系10. play a. role in 起着的作用11. point of view 观点；看法12. relate to与相关;涉及;谈到13. give up 放弃14. feel like感觉像15. used to 过去常常16. get/be used to 适应，习惯于17. compare. with.与相比较18. depend on依靠，取决于19. be senior to 比年长20. aside from除了之外词汇用法【句子成分和基本句型】一、句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分有主要成分与次要成分之分。主要成分是主语 （The Subject）和谓语（The Pr