2023年上海市中考英语【热点·重点·难点】二轮综合复习-重难点12 阅读理解A篇之说明文（教师版）.docx

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1、重难点12阅读理解A篇之说明文(教师版)(建议用时：30分钟)命题趋势中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通 过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A,B, C,D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求 阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。主要涉及到记叙文，说明文，应用文等。满分技巧四种题型:1.细节理解题考察方面：学生对相关信息的识别能力，答案一般可在原文定位到答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断干扰选项：一般与文中观点相反，不符，未涉及，特征是无中生有，张冠李

2、戴，以偏 概全，扩大内容解题技巧:通读短文，领会文章大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意：1 .五个 W ( who , which , when , where , what )和一个 H ( how )；2 .数字、日期、时间等；3 .注意加强语气的词，运用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是最佳答案。4 .词句猜测题此题要求考生正确理解短文中的一些关键词语或句子的含义，常用的方法是多种表达 法、一词多义法、同义近义或反义提示法、习语释文法及句型转换法等。解题技巧：1 .正确理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境来判断理解, 推敲斟酌和最后确定其准确含义。2 .

3、根据上下文猜测词义的技巧：(1 )注意定义和解释；(2 )同义词或近义词的提示；A. helpful for patients to become well again from illnessB. helpful for people to get up earlyC. helpful for patients to take medicineD. helpful for people to sleep well24 . Whats the writers idea about hobbies?A. Hobbies are only popular among the retired peo

4、ple.B. People today have little time for their hobbies.C. Everyone should have hobbies in his free time.D. People all over the world should have the same hobby25 . Why do people today have more time than before for hobbies? More people retire at an earlier age than before. Those who have developed h

5、obbies never need to worry about what to do with their free hours. Machines have reduced （减少）the amount （数量）time they must spend on their jobs. More people retire at a later age than before.A.B.C.D.【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. B【导语】本文介绍爱好的种类，人们为什么会有爱好，爱好有什么好处，作者认为人们在空余时间应该 有爱好。21 .细节理解题。根据A hobby

6、 can be almost anything a person likes to do in his free time.“可知，爱好可能 是一个人在空闲时间喜欢做的一种活动。故选D。22 .细节理解题。根据Hobbies also offer more interesting activities for persons who have retired （退休）可 知，爱好可以为老年人提供低趣味的活动说法是错误的。故选C。23 .细节理解题。根据Doctors have found that hobbies are helpful fbr patients to recover （恢复）

7、from physical or mental illness.”可知，医生们发现，这些爱好有助于患者从疾病中恢复健康。故选A。24 . 主旨大意题。 根据Sir William Osier, a famous Canadian doctor, expressed the value of hobbies by saying, No man is really happy or safe without a hobby”可知，作者是要告诉大家人们在业余时间应该有自己的爱好。故选C。25 .细节理解题。根据“Machines have reduced （减少）the amount （数量）tim

8、e they must spend on their jobs.More people retire at an earlier age than before. Those who have developed hobbies never need to worry about what to do with their free hours.”可知，这些原因导致了今天的人们有比以前更多的时间来做业余爱好。故 选B。(3 )近义词和反义词的提示；(4 )利用悬念的属种关系；(5 )借助已有知识或生活常识。3.推理判断题(不要自行推理+过度推理)考察方面：透过文章的信息进入深刻的分析，归纳和推

9、断得解答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断 解题技巧：1 .分析文章的主旨。2 .分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。3 .寻找文章的逻辑思路。4 .核对问题中各项选择与文章中有关词句的联系。5 .主旨人意题(Best title)考察方面：学生对文章主旨的驾驭能力，答案一般需要合理的归纳和总结得到答题事项：通过略读来快速把握文章的中心，阅读时视域要宽，紧抓对主题句搜索, 按意群进行阅读，避免阅读中的出声，指读，复视或停顿。一、阅读单选Tea is an important part of Chinese tradition. Tea has very close relati

10、onship to Chinese culture.It is said that Chinese tea was discovered by King Shen Nong. People say that he lived 5, 000 years ago. One summer day, while he was visiting a faraway part of his country, he felt very thirsty. The servants began to make water hot enough to turn into gas for him to drink.

11、 Dried leaves from a near plant fell into the water. The king drank some, and found it could make him feel less tired. Also as a scientist, Shen Nong was interested in the new drink. And so, tea was discovered in 2737 BC.Drinking tea has many advantages. It makes people feel less tired, clears heat

12、inside the human body and helps people lose weight. As you add a cup of tea to your daily life, please check the following helpful advice. Drink it hot. Tea oxidizes （氧化） quickly, so it is suggested that you drink it hot. Do not drink too much strong tea. It will probably be harmful to your stomach

13、and make you feel sick if you make the tea too strong. The best time to drink tea is between meals. It may not make you have a strong wish to eat when your stomach is empty, or cause stomachache when your stomach is full. Do not drink with medicine. It may change the medical result. You can drink te

14、a two hours after you take medicine. Green tea is the best choice for office workers. Why? Because green tea helps stop the bad result of the computer.1. Paragraph （段落）2 is mainly about.A. when King Shen Nong livedB where Chinese tea was createdC. how Chinese tea was discoveredD. why King Shen Nong

15、drank tea2. Drinking tea has lots of advantages EXCEPT.A. helping you lose weightB. letting you feel less tiredC. having a strong wish for foodD. clearing heat inside your body3. Mr. Smith is a computer teacher. Hed better drink.A. green teaB. black teaC. strong teaD. coffee with milk4. What can we

16、learn from the passage?A. Shen Nong didnt like the new drink.B The best time to drink tea is before meals.C. Drink tea hot because it oxidizes quickly.D. We should drink tea with medicine.5 . The passage is mainly written to.A. let us know how tea was discoveredB , give some advice about drinking te

17、aC. tell people the history of teaD. advise people to drink green tea【答案】1. c 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了茶的起源及喝茶的建议。1. 段落大意题。根据“It is said that Chinese tea was discovered by King Shen Nong可知第二段主要介绍 了 茶在中国是怎么被发现的，故选C。2. 细节理解题。根据“It makes people feel less tired, clears heat inside the human

18、body and helps people lose weight”以及“It may not make you have a strong wish to eat ”可知没有提到喝茶对食物有强烈的愿望，故选 Co3. 推理判断题。根据Green tea is the best choice for office workers. Why? Because green tea helps stop the bad result of the computer.”可知，绿茶有助于阻止电脑的带来的伤害，所以计算机老师应该喝绿茶，故选 Ao4. 细节理解题。根据“Drink it hot. Tea

19、oxidizes （氧化）quickly, so it is suggested that you drink it hot.”可知 茶要趁热喝，因为它氧化得很快。故选C。5. 主旨大意题。根据全文可知，文章首先介绍了茶的起源，并且详细给出了喝茶的建议，所以主要是给 出一些喝茶的建议，故选B。Gulangyu, a beautiful island, was successfully listed in the UNESCO World Heritage List on July 8th, 2017. Its not only the pride of my hometown, but the

20、 pride of the whole nation.Gulangyu is separated from Xiamen by the 600-metre-wide Egret River （鹭江）,with an area of 1.91 square kilometers. Its like a garden on the water. You can go there only by ship. Cars, buses and bikes are not allowed to run on the island. It is so quiet that wherever you go,

21、you can hear the sound of playing the piano. As a result of this, it is called the island of music”.The first name of the island was Yuan Zhou Zi. In the Ming dynasty, it was changed to Gulangyu, meaning “drum waves”. Because the holes in the southwestern reefs hit by the waves make sounds like the

22、drum beating.Today, Gulangyu is listed as one of the nations major travelling places. The main places of interest here include the Sunlight Rock, Shuzhuang Park, Piano Museum and Memorial Hall to Zheng Chenggong which are visited by millions of people from all parts of the country and the world. Wha

23、ts more, the buildings and food are popular with visitors.Therefore, I hope our government can protect the fairyland well, especially the environment.6. Where does the writer come from?A. Beijing.B. Fujian.C. Japan.D. I dont know.7. Which is NOT true according to the passage?A. The area of Gulangyu

24、is less than 2 square kilometers.B Gulangyu is honoured as the island of music and “a garden on the water”.C. Gulangyu got its name in the Tang dynasty.D. Gulangyu is on the UNESCO World Heritage List now.8. The underlined word “ree代in Paragraph 3 probably means in Chinese.A.暗礁B.沙滩C.建筑D.渔船9. What ca

25、n we learn from the passage?A. Gulangyu doesnt have a long history.B. Visitors dont like the buildings on the island.C. Gulangyu is famous all over the world.D. The writer isnt worried about the environmental problem.10. Where may the passage be from?A. A storybook. B. A poster.C. A diary.D. A blog.

26、【答案】6. B 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了被列入世界遗产名录的鼓浪屿，它的地理位置，名字的由 来和它上面的主要景点。6 .判断推理题。根据Its not only the pride of my hometown, but the pride of the whole nation.Gulangyu is separated from Xiamen by the 600-metre-wide Egret River”可知，鼓浪屿是作者的家乡，它在厦门，厦门属 于福建省，可推测作者来自福建。故选B。7 .细节理解题。根据“In the Mi

27、ng dynasty, it was changed to Gulangyu, meaning drum waves.”可知，明朝 改名为鼓浪屿，并不是唐朝得到鼓浪屿的名字。故选C。8 . 词句猜测题。 根据“Because the holes in the southwestern reefs hit by the waves make sounds like the drum beating.”可知，因海浪撞击在有洞的礁石上发出的声音如同击鼓，故得名鼓浪屿，即西南部的礁石。故选Ao9 .判断推理题。根据Gulangyu, a beautiful island, was successful

28、ly listed in the UNESCO World Heritage List on July 8th, 2017.”可知，鼓浪屿被列入了世界遗产名录，可推测鼓浪屿闻名世界。故选C。10 .判断推理题。根据Its not only the pride of my hometown, but the pride of the whole nation.”可知，文章 是作者对自己家乡中的鼓浪屿的介绍，可推测文章来自作者的博文。故选D。“A friend in need is a friend indeed/9 Friends are important to us. Friends hel

29、p us get through hard times.Friends also influence us a lot. Lefs enjoy two poems about friendship.赠 汪:伦To Wang LunI, Li Bai, sit aboard a ship about to go, When suddenlyon shore your farewell songs your farewell. However deepthe Lake of Peach Blossoms may be, It is not so deep, OWang Lun!As your lo

30、ve for me.A Time to TalkBy Robert FrostWhen a friend calls to me from the road And slows his horse to a meaning walk, I dont stand still and look around On all the hills I havent hoed, And shout from where I am, what is it? No, not as there is a time to talk.I thrust my hoe in the mellow ground （把锄头

31、插 入松土）. Blade （刀片）-end up and five feet tall, And plod （吃力行进）：I go up to the stone wall for a friendly visit.Both poems are famous in their cultures, but they tell different stories. Li Bai described the scene （场景）ofhis friend seeing him off. US poet Robert Frost wrote about a friends visit when he

32、was working. Li made a comparison. His poem shows the friendship between him and his friend is deeper than the deep water. Frosts poem, on the other hand, tells the readers that we should stop what we are doing to talk with our friends. It tells us that nothing should get in the way of spending time

33、 with friends. The language is simple but sincere.11. What are friends in the passage?Friends are in need.Friends are important to us.Friends influence us a lot. Friends help us get through hard times.A.B.C.D.12. What scene did Li Bai describe in the poem?A. Ships on the lake.C. Peach Blossoms.B , W

34、ang Lun seeing him off.D. Songs sung by Wang Lun.A. Friendship.B. Culture.C. Meaning.D. Comparison.13. What is deeper than the Lake of Peach Blossoms in the first poem?14. According to Robert Frost, which one is the right way to treat someone we care about?A. Stand still and look around.B.Finish the

35、 work then talk.C. Stop and have a friendly visit.D.Hoe hills and never shout.15. . What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. The end of the friendship.The popularity of the poems.C. The comparison of people.D.The analysis （分析）of the poems.【答案】11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D【导语】本文介绍了两首关于友谊的诗歌。11

36、.细节理解题。根据“Friends are important to us. Friends help us get through hard times. Friends also influence us a lot.”可知，朋友对我们很重要，朋友帮助我们度过难关，朋友也对我们有很大影响。故选Do12 .细节理解题。根据“I, Li Bai, sit aboard a ship about to go, When suddenly on shore your farewell songs your farewell. However deep the Lake of Peach Bloss

37、oms may be, It is not so deep, O Wang Lun! As your love for me.”可知，赠汪伦主要描写了汪伦为李白送行。故选B。13 .细节理解题。根据However deep the Lake of Peach Blossoms may be, It is not so deep, O Wang Lun!”可 知，比第一首诗中的桃花潭还要深的是友谊。故选A。14 .细节理解题。根据“Frosts poem, on the other hand, tells the readers that we should stop what we are d

38、oing to talk with our friends. It tells us that nothing should get in the way of spending time with firiends.”可矢口， 正确 方式是停下来去拜访朋友。故选C。15 .主旨大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，最后一段是对于诗歌主题的分析。故选D。The digital industry is developing rapidly. There are over seven million jobs in the computer science and technology industri

39、es in the United States alone. Yet there is still a gender gap 什生另差异）when it comes to women in technology. These women face many challenges （拟K战）and 41% of them give up trying. So what can be done to close this gender gap?First, women need to be encouraged to enter the fields of science, technology,

40、 engineering, and mathematics （STEM）, as well as computer science. Its said that 74% of young women express interest in STEM subjects and computer science. However, women hold only 18% of undergraduate （本科）computer science degrees and 26% of technology jobs. Early education must convey （传递）technolog

41、y as a tool that can be used to solve problems in real life.Many young women are put off because they regard the technology as mens job. Women are short of role models. Only 5% of tech leaders are women. They can play a huge role for young women by giving them encouragement, support and guidance. Th

42、ey can also help attract more women to get into the field. However, men working in the tech industry have a duty to listen to women and keep a comfortable work culture as well.If we go on to empower （授权）women in the tech industry, it will be good for everyone.16 . What is the rate of women who give

43、up trying in technology?A.5%.B.18%.C. 26%.D. 41%.17 . What is not included in STEM?A.Science.B.English.C. Technology.D. Mathematics.18 . Why are young women discouraged from working in technology industries?A. Because they regard the technology as mens job.B. Because there are many women role models

44、 in IT.C. Because they are not interested in computer science.D. Because technology is useless in solving real life problems.19 . What do men need to do?A. Be tech leaders. B. Replace women. C. Listen to women. D. Attract more men.20. What is the passage about?A. Gender gap in IT. B. Computer Scienc

45、e. C. More Encouragement. D. Tech Work Culture.【答案】16. D 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. A【导语】本文主要介绍了女性在科技行业包括数字行业中的占比少的情况，并给出了如何缩小科技行业 中的性别差异的建议。16 .细节理解题。根据第段中“These women face many challenges （挑战）and 41% of them give up trying. 可知，这些女性中有41%的人放弃了在科技方面的尝试和努力。故选D。17 .细节理解题。根据第二段中“First, women need to be encou

46、raged to enter the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics （STEM）, as well as computer science.”可知，STEM 不包括英语。故选 Bo18 .细节理解题。根据第三段中“Many young women are put off because they regard the technology as mens job. Women are short of role models. Only 5% of tech leaders are women.”可知，因

47、认为科技是男性的工作， 许多女性就此被劝阻了前往科技行业的脚步，且女性缺乏在科技行业中的榜样。故选A。19 .细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后一句However, men working in the tech industry have a duty to listen to women and keep a comfortable work culture as well.”可知，就职于科技行业的男性有责任去倾听女性的意 见，并且要维持一个舒适的工作文化。故选C。20 .主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Yet there is still a gender g叩（性别差异）when it come

48、s to women in technology. These women face many challenges （拟K战）and 41% of them give up trying. So what can be done to close this gender gap?”及通读全文后可知，文章介绍了科技行业中的性别差异女性在此行业中占比少，并给出了如何缩小此性别差异的建议，所以本文是一篇关于科技行业（信息行业等）中的性别差异 的文章。故选A。A hobby can be almost anything a person likes to do in his free time. Hobbyists keep pets, build model ships, watch birds, c