宾语从句(经典)ppt课件.ppt

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1、英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)英语句子概论简单句的五种基本句型The weather is very cold.主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语He laughed.主语+谓语（vi.）I like Chinese food.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语She taught them physics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语We must keep the room warm.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语 并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。Iturnedonth

2、eTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it.Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidntlikeit.I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.并列句并列句常用并列连词:平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernorbut,however,while,yet,or,eitherorfor,so复合句:主句+从句 名词性从句 定

3、语从句 状语从句1.The boy who is standing over there is Tom2.Because it is raining,we have to stay at home 定语从句 状语从句3.I know(that)he is from America(宾语从句）名词性从句-NounClauses(名词性从句)Subject Clause(主语从句)Appositive Clause（同位语从句）Object Clause（宾语从句）Predicative Clause（表语从句）名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。主语 His

4、 job is important.What he does is important.表语This is his job.This is what he does every day.宾语I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语I dont know about the man,Mr.White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.The

5、factisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主语从句宾语从句表语从句 名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。同位语从句宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that(that 常可省略),whe

6、ther,if代词：who,whose,what,which副词：when,where,how,why 等。1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语 谓语 宾语（简单句）主语 谓语宾语从句连词 从句主语 从句谓语 主 句（复合句）宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句1）主句的谓语动词可以是及物动词：2）如果主句的谓语动词是一个带有介词的词组，那么后接的从句做介词宾语从句。3）有些形容词后也可以带有宾语从句。Imafraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.Hewonderedifhecouldpasstheexa

7、m.They are talking about whether they canpasstheexam.注意：动词+副词形成的谓语动词词组后也可以带宾语从句。一、从属连词一、从属连词1.1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由句），连词由thatthat引导，因为引导，因为thatthat在从句中在从句中不作不作任何成分任何成分，也，也没有任何具体意思没有任何具体意思，因此在口语，因此在口语或非正式文体中或非正式文体中常省略常省略v vLinTaoknows(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.LinTaoknows(t

8、hat)hisownteamisevenbetter.v vShesays(that)shewonttakepartinthesportsmeeting Shesays(that)shewonttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.nextSunday.v vJimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.v vHesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.Hesaid(that)h

9、ewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.引导词种类2.2.当当宾宾语语从从句句是是一一般般疑疑问问句句时时，由由连连词词whetherwhether或或ifif引引导导（口口语语中中常常用用ifif），因因为为if/whetherif/whether翻翻译译成成：“是是否否”，具具有有一一定定的的意意义义，所所以以不不能能省略省略LilyLilywantedwantedtotoknowknowifif/whether/whetherherhergrandmagrandmalikedlikedthehandbag.thehandbag.LetsLetsseeseeifif/wh

10、ether/whetherwewecancanfindfindoutoutsomesomeinformationinformationaboutthatcity.aboutthatcity.ItalldependsonItalldependsonwhetherwhethershelikesthebossornot.shelikesthebossornot.引导词种类二、连接代词二、连接代词which,which,what,what,whose,whose,who,who,whom,whom,whatever,whatever,whoever,whoever,whomever,whomever,

11、whicheverwhichever；连连接接代代词词在在从从句句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。I wonder who will teach us.Mr.Wang asked whose book that was.You can take whatever you like.引导词种类三、连接副词三、连接副词where,when,why,howwhere,when,why,how等连接副词在句中作状语。等连接副词在句中作状语。He didnt tell me when we should meet again.Could you please tell me ho

12、w you use the new panel?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.引导词种类带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句vCouldyoutellusCouldyoutellushowoftenhowoftenyougoabroadforyougoabroadforaholiday?aholiday?vCouldyoutellusCouldyoutellushowlonghowlongthemeetingwilllast?themeetingwilllast?vIdontknowIdontknowhowfarhowf

13、aritistothecinema.itistothecinema.vPleasetellusPleasetellushowmanyhowmanystudentsthereareinstudentsthereareinyourschool?yourschool?vCanyoutellusCanyoutellushowoldhowoldhisbrotheris?hisbrotheris?vPleasetellusPleasetellushowsoonhowsoonyouwillbeready.youwillbeready.vCouldyoutellusCouldyoutellushowmuchh

14、owmuchitcoststoflytoitcoststoflytoHainan?Hainan?二、时态1.1.如果主句是如果主句是现在的时态现在的时态（包括一般现在时（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）vIknowheIknowhelivesliveshere.here.vIknowheIknowhelivedlivedheretenyearsago.heretenyearsago.v

15、IhaveheardthatheIhaveheardthathewillcomewillcometomorrow.tomorrow.2.2.如如果果主主句句是是过过去去的的时时态态（包包括括一一般般过过去去时时，过过去去进进行行时时），那那么么从从句句的的时时态态一一定定要要用用相相对对应应的的过过去去的的某某种种时时态态（包包括括一一般般过过去去时时，过过去去进进行时，过去将来时，行时，过去将来时，过去完成时过去完成时）vIknewwhoIknewwholivedlivedhere.here.vIItoldtoldmemethatthatsheshewaswastalkingtalkingw

16、ithwithherhermothermotheratatthattimelastweek.thattimelastweek.vHeaskedwhetherhisfatherHeaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomewouldcomebackbackthenextday.thenextday.vHesaidthatheHesaidthathehadseenhadseenitbefore.itbefore.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.Theteachers

17、aidthattheworldismadeupofmatter.三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?HisbrotheraskswhenHisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotohewillgotothelibrary.thelibrary.HisbrotheraskswhenHisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotowillhegotothelibrary.thelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?2.Wha

18、tdoeshewanttobuy?IdontknowwhatIdontknowwhathewantstohewantstobuy.buy.IdontknowwhatIdontknowwhatdoeshewanttodoeshewanttobuy.buy.3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?CanyoutellmewhoCanyoutellmewhowearegoingtowearegoingtomeet?meet?CanyoutellmewhoCanyoutellmewhoarewegoingtoarewegoingtomeet?meet?4

19、.DoesheknowFrench?4.DoesheknowFrench?Wewanttoknowif/whetherWewanttoknowif/whetherheknowsheknowsFrench.French.Wewanttoknowif/whetherWewanttoknowif/whetherdoesheknowdoesheknowFrench.French.5.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?5.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?Theyrenotsureif/whetherTheyrenotsureif/whethertheywillg

20、ototheywillgotoCanadainsummer.Canadainsummer.Theyrenotsureif/whetherTheyrenotsureif/whetherwilltheygotowilltheygotoCanadainsummer.Canadainsummer.1could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。注意事项vCouldyoupleasetellmeCouldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourwhereweshowourticketstickets?vCouldyoutellusCouldy

21、outelluswhichgatewehavetogotowhichgatewehavetogoto?vWouldyouliketoknowWouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomebackwhenhewillcomeback?2.如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用thatvShesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.vHesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.vHeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.vYoumay

22、askthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.3.当doubt,doubtful用于肯定句时，后面的名词性从句连接词常用 whether或 if;当doubt,doubtful用于否定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词用that。I doubt if/whether he is at home.We dont doubt that they can complete the task ahead of time.4.当besure引导主句是肯定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用that;当besure引导的主句是否定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用w

23、hether或if。We are sure that he will be successful soon.The old man didnt seem to be sure whether/if he had met me.5.介词后宾语从句的注意事项：一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。I am surprised at what he said.介词后如果接that从句，要先加上it,再加that从句，即“介词+it+that”结构。You may depend on it that they will support you.(that不能省略)介词except,but

24、,besides及in后可接that从句。I know nothing about him except that he lives here.(that不能省略)7.只能使用whether而不能使用if的几种情况：介词后宾语从句用whether,不用if.whether 引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if则不能。whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I cant decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。）discuss后宾语从句用whether不用if。6.在suggest,demand,order,insist等动

25、词之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，即“(should+)动词原形”。He suggested that we(should)set about doing the work at once.I insist that she(should)do her work alone.The leader ordered that the army(should)set off at once.主句 主句 从句 从句一般将来时态 一般将来时态 一般现在时态 一般现在时态祈使句 祈使句含有情态动词 含有情态动词DoDoyouyouknowknowifif_back_backnextnextweekweek?I

26、fIfhehe_back,pleaseletmeknow.back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesA.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcomeC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcome7.7.连词连词ifif和和whenwhen在不同从句中的区别：在不同从句中的区别：Idontknowwhenhe_(come).Icantwaithereanymore.Whenhe_(come),

27、wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme?willcomecomes8.连词+宾语从句 连词+to dovIdontknowwhatIshalldonext.Idontknowwhattodonext.vShedidntdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.Shedidntdecidewhichonetochoose.vPleasetellmewhomyoullgivetheletterto.Pleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto.9.9.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加itit这类动词

28、主要有这类动词主要有:like,hate,take,owe,:like,hate,take,owe,have,see to.have,see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine,you must see to it th

29、at car is in neutral.开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.10.10.宾语从句的宾语从句的否定转移否定转移主句的谓语动词是主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guessguess等等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致其反义疑问句一般与

30、宾语从句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?11.11.宾语从句宾语从句不可以省略引导词不可以省略引导词thatthat的情况的情况当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时此时第一个第一个thatthat可以省略可以省略,第二个第二个thatthat不可以省略。不可以省略。exceptexcept（介词）后面宾语从句中（介词）后面宾语从句中thatthat不可以省略。不可以省略。宾语从句紧接在间接宾语后时，从句中的

31、宾语从句紧接在间接宾语后时，从句中的thatthat不不可以省略。可以省略。itit作形式宾语，宾补后宾语从句中的作形式宾语，宾补后宾语从句中的thatthat不省略。不省略。I believe(that)youve done your best and that things will improve.The teacher advised us that we should pay more attention to reading and writing.We all believed it true that Mr.Smith wasnt a thief.1.The shocking

32、news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.A.what B.how C.that D.why2.Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A.why B.how C.what D.which宾语从句专项练习题3.Weve offered her the job,but I dont know _ shell accept it.A.where B.what C.whether D.which4.B

33、efore the sales start,I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.A.why B.what C.how D.which宾语从句专项练习题5.-I wonder _ youll water this kind of flower.-Every other day.A.how often B.how long C.how soon D.how much6.Men usually go straight to _ they want and leave quickly when shopping.A.wh

34、at B.which C.where D.that宾语从句专项练习题7.We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A.that B.which C.what D.where8.I want to be liked and loved for _ I am inside.A.who B.where C.what D.how宾语从句专项练习题9.Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.A.where B.whether C.that D.why10.How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with,whether his friends or relatives.A.what B.who C.how D.why宾语从句专项练习题