优化方案（新课标全国卷Ⅰ）高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 题型专题突破 二 阅读理解 第三讲 推理判断题课件.ppt

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1、第三第三讲讲推理判断推理判断题题专题二专题二 阅读理解阅读理解推理判断推理判断题题属于高属于高层层次的次的阅读阅读理解理解题题,解答此解答此类试题类试题要从整体要从整体上把握上把握语语篇内容篇内容,在理解在理解语语篇的表面意篇的表面意义义与与隐隐含意含意义义的基的基础础上上进进行深行深层层推理推理,透透过过字里行字里行间间,去体会作者的去体会作者的“弦外之音弦外之音”。具体来具体来说说，针对针对不同的推理判断不同的推理判断题题，寻寻找找线线索索时时要使用不同要使用不同的方法。比如，推断的方法。比如，推断观观点点态态度度时时，应应特特别别注意文中作者的措注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形

2、容辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词词；推断写作目的；推断写作目的时时，必，必须须要先了解文章的主要先了解文章的主题题，然后分析作者的，然后分析作者的论论述方法、述方法、论论述的重述的重点和材料的安排；推断文章出点和材料的安排；推断文章出处时处时，要抓住各段的段落大意，要抓住各段的段落大意和文章的中心思想；推断人物性格和文章的中心思想；推断人物性格时时，一定要注意准确把握，一定要注意准确把握文章字里行文章字里行间间的意思，特的意思，特别别要注意表达主要注意表达主观态观态度和个人度和个人观观点点的的词语词语。推理判断推理判断题题常常见见的命的命题题形式：形式：1It can be inferred/

3、concluded from the passage that _2The author strongly suggests that _3This passage would most likely be found in _4What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?5What is the writers attitude towards.?6Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the.paragraph?1细节细

4、节推断推断题题细节细节推断推断题题要求考生根据要求考生根据语语篇中具体的内容和信息点，推断篇中具体的内容和信息点，推断出文章中具体的出文章中具体的细节细节。解答此。解答此类试题时类试题时，一般可根据短文所，一般可根据短文所提供的信息或者借助生活常提供的信息或者借助生活常识进识进行推理判断。考生只要正确行推理判断。考生只要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义义，就可作出准确，就可作出准确的推断。的推断。(2015高考天津卷高考天津卷，阅读阅读理解理解D，节选节选)Boldnessa willingness to extend yourself to th

5、e extremeis not one that can be acquired overnight.But it can be taught to children and developed in adults.Confidence builds up.Surely，there will be setbacks(挫折挫折)and disappointments in life；boldness in itself is no guarantee of success.But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot be

6、tter off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.54What can be learned from Paragraph 5?_AConfidence grows more rapidly in adults.BTrying without success is meaningless.CRepeated failure creates a better life.DBoldness can be gained little by little.【解析解析】推理判断推理判断题题。第五段首句提到勇敢大胆并不是一。第五段首

7、句提到勇敢大胆并不是一夜之夜之间间就能形成的素就能形成的素质质，所以所以D项项所述所述“勇敢大胆可以被逐勇敢大胆可以被逐步步获获得得”符合符合题题干要求。文中没有提到成年人培养自信心会干要求。文中没有提到成年人培养自信心会更快更快，故故A项错误项错误；根据第五段末句可以得知；根据第五段末句可以得知，努力了但是，努力了但是失失败败了的人要比没有付出努力却成功的人更了的人要比没有付出努力却成功的人更强强大，故大，故B项错项错误误；C项项“反复失反复失败败能能创创造更加美好的生活造更加美好的生活”为错误观为错误观点。点。D方法点津方法点津避免只避免只见见局部局部，不不见见整体整体对对于于细节细节推断

8、推断类试题类试题来来说说，考生要依据文章中的客考生要依据文章中的客观观信息或信息或内在的内在的逻辑逻辑关系关系进进行合乎行合乎逻辑逻辑的推理、判断、引申和概括的推理、判断、引申和概括,从从而得出合理的而得出合理的结论结论。要做到判断有据。要做到判断有据,推推论论有理有理,忠忠实实原原文。文。切忌片面思考切忌片面思考，只，只见见局部，不局部，不见见整体，得出片面整体，得出片面结论结论。2文章来源或文章来源或读读者者对对象推断象推断题题推推测测文章的来源或者推文章的来源或者推测读测读者者对对象要求考生本身要具象要求考生本身要具备备一定一定的常的常识识,这样这样才能把文章的内容与自己已才能把文章的内

9、容与自己已经经具具备备的常的常识结识结合起合起来作出准确推断。比如考生要来作出准确推断。比如考生要对报纸对报纸、杂杂志、网志、网络络、童、童话话、广告、广告、说说明明书书、旅游指南、旅游指南、药药品品说说明、操作指南等有基本的明、操作指南等有基本的了解，了解，这样这样才能根据文章的特点才能根据文章的特点对对号入座，号入座，选选出最佳答案。出最佳答案。Lakelander 2 hours agoToday，a man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading，making many passenger

10、s upset.I wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaper out loud on the train.I have never had the courage to do it，though.Pak50 57 minutes agoWhy not give it a try？Perhaps you should take lessons on a musical instrument.The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train

11、passenger to turn off his radio.When his request was refused，he took out his French horn(号号)and started to practise.Angie OEdema 42 minutes agoI dont see how musical instruments can help improve manners in public.Dont do to others what you wouldnt like to be done to yourself.Once，a passenger next to

12、 me talked out loud on his mobile phone.I left my seat quietly，giving him some privacy to finish his conversation.He realised this and apologised to me.When his phone rang again later，he left his seat to answer it.You see，a bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better.Taodas 29 minutes agoI

13、did read my newspaper out loud on a train，and it turned out well.The guy took it in good part，and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh.Sophie76 13 minutes agoI have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train，but，several years ago，I read some chapters from Harry Potter to my bored and

14、noisy children.Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did.47Where is the passage most probably taken from?_AA webpage.BA newspaper.CA novel.DA report.【解析解析】推理判断推理判断题题。从全文的。从全文的风风格格，尤其是每个帖子中尤其是每个帖子中的的时间时间提示部分提示部分，可以看出本文最有可能摘自网可以看出本文最有可能摘自网页页。A方法点津方法点津如何解答文章来源如何解答文章来源类试题类试题对对于推断文章来源于推断文章来源类试题类

15、试题，考生首先要弄清楚文章的中心考生首先要弄清楚文章的中心话话题题是什么是什么，文章中文章中讨论讨论的是哪些方面的的是哪些方面的问题问题。在解答此。在解答此类试类试题时题时要注意：要注意：1.先通先通读读文章文章，判断文章的中心，判断文章的中心话题话题；2.再仔再仔细细研研读试题读试题，把文章的中心把文章的中心话题归纳话题归纳到到话题话题范范围围之内之内，然后使然后使用排除法用排除法，这样问题这样问题就很容易解决了。就很容易解决了。3写作意写作意图图推断推断题题写作意写作意图图推断推断题题要求考生根据文章的要求考生根据文章的论论述，揣述，揣测测作者的写作作者的写作意意图图。作者一般不直接。作者

16、一般不直接陈陈述自己的意述自己的意图图，而是通，而是通过过文章所提文章所提供的事供的事实实，客，客观观地使地使读读者信服某种想法或者信服某种想法或观观点。点。这这种种题题型要型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还时还要具要具备对备对作者作者阐阐述述问问题题的方法的方法进进行行归纳总结归纳总结和分析的能力。和分析的能力。(2015高考福建卷高考福建卷，阅读阅读理解理解D，节选节选)Life can be so wonderful，full of adventure and joy.It can also be full of challenges，setbacks(

17、挫折挫折)and heartbreaks.Whatever our circumstances，we generally still have dreams，hopes and desiresthat little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones.Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem，because when we go to change the way we do things，up come the old patterns and pi

18、tfalls(陷阱陷阱)that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.This tension between what we feel we can have and what were seemingly able to have is the niggling(烦烦人的人的)suffering，the anxiety we feel.This is where we usually think its easier to just give up.But were never meant to let go

19、of the part of us that knows we can have more.The intelligence behind that knowing is usthe real us.Its the part that believes in life and its possibilities.If you drop that，you begin to feel a little“dead”inside because youre dropping“you”So，if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep

20、 us stuck，how do we break these patterns?Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through todays challenges.While，deep down，we know we can do it，our mindor the minds of those close to ususually says we cant.That isnt a reason to s

21、top，its just the mind，that little man or woman on your shoulder，trying to talk you out of something again.It has done it many times before.Its all about starting simple and doing it now.Decide and act before overthinking.When you do this you may feel a little，or large，release from the jail of your m

22、ind and youll be on your way.71What does the author intend to tell us?_AIts easier than we think to get what we want.BIts important to learn to accept sufferings in life.CIts impractical to change our way of thinking.DIts harder than we expect to follow a new course.【解析解析】写作意写作意图题图题。作者在文中一直建。作者在文中一直

23、建议议我我们们要打破思要打破思想束想束缚缚，不要因盲目听从与我不要因盲目听从与我们们关系关系亲亲密的人的意密的人的意见见而而轻轻易易放弃自己的理想。只要我放弃自己的理想。只要我们觉们觉得得时时机成熟就要果断地采取行机成熟就要果断地采取行动动，这样这样我我们们才能迎接挑才能迎接挑战战，得到我，得到我们们想要的。想要的。A方法点津方法点津如何解答写作意如何解答写作意图图推断推断题题在此在此类类推理判断推理判断试题试题中中，由于有一些干由于有一些干扰项扰项，试题试题会有一定会有一定的的难难度度，这时这时考生一定要注意以下两点：考生一定要注意以下两点：1.要站在作者的角要站在作者的角度去仔度去仔细细思

24、考推断思考推断，要善于揣摩作者的思路要善于揣摩作者的思路，尽可能与作者尽可能与作者的思路吻合的思路吻合，切忌加入自己主切忌加入自己主观观片面的想法和想象；片面的想法和想象；2.如果如果选项选项很相似很相似难难以判断以判断时时，切切记记文章中出文章中出现过现过的句子通常不可的句子通常不可能是答案。能是答案。4态态度度倾倾向推断和向推断和评评述性推断述性推断题题态态度度倾倾向推断向推断题题考考查查考生是否了解文章作者或文中人物考生是否了解文章作者或文中人物对对某某事物所持的事物所持的观观点或点或态态度。度。态态度度倾倾向推断向推断题题的的选项选项一般含有以一般含有以下三下三类词类词：(1)中性中性

25、词词：uninterested(不感不感兴兴趣的趣的)，neutral(中中立的立的)等等;(2)褒褒义词义词：positive(积积极的极的)，disinterested(无私的无私的),supportive(支持的支持的)，enthusiastic(热热情的情的),admiring(赞赏赞赏的的),humorous(滑稽有趣的滑稽有趣的)等；等；(3)贬义词贬义词：disgusted(厌恶厌恶的的)，critical(批批评评的的)，impassive(无无动动于衷的于衷的)，indifferent(漠不关漠不关心的心的)，negative(否定的否定的,消极的消极的),disappoin

26、ted(失望的失望的)等。等。(2015高考全国卷高考全国卷，阅读阅读理解理解B，节选节选)The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter，so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota，Florida，my bags were packed before you could say“sunshine.”I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维维生素生素C)，thinking of

27、 beaches and orange trees.When we touched down to blue skies and warm air，I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness.Swimming pools，wine tasting，and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours，not 4 in the afternoon)filled the weekend，but the best partparticularly to my taste，dulled by months of coldweather

28、rootvegetableswas a 7 am.adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wakeup call.Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight，my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty，a newly opened restaurant at the Sa

29、rasota Ritz Carlton，whereluckily for meI was planning to have dinner that very night.Without even seeing the menu，I knew Id be ordering every tomato on it.24.What did the author think of her winter life in New York?_AExciting.BBoring.CRelaxing.DAnnoying.【解析解析】推理判断推理判断题题。由第一段中的。由第一段中的The freezing Nor

30、theast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter和和dulled by months of coldweather root vegetables可可知知，作者作者厌厌倦了倦了纽约纽约的冬天的冬天，因因为为那里根本没有那里根本没有乐乐趣趣，同，同时时也也厌厌倦了冬天的根茎蔬菜，所以可以推断出作者倦了冬天的根茎蔬菜，所以可以推断出作者认为纽约认为纽约的的冬天是令人冬天是令人厌烦厌烦、枯燥和、枯燥和单调单调的。故的。故选选B项项。A项项excitingB“令人令人兴奋兴奋的的”,显显然与作者真然与作者真实实的感受相反的

31、感受相反;C项项relaxing“令人放松的令人放松的”，文中体文中体现现不出作者明不出作者明显显的放松情的放松情绪绪；annoying“令人令人恼恼怒的怒的”，作者只是感作者只是感觉觉“枯燥、枯燥、单调单调”，并并非非“恼恼怒怒”。方法点津方法点津如何解答作者如何解答作者态态度推断度推断题题作者的情感作者的情感态态度往往度往往隐隐含在文章的字里行含在文章的字里行间间或流露于修或流露于修饰词饰词语语之中之中，应应特特别别注意文中作者的措辞。具体来注意文中作者的措辞。具体来说说：1.正确把正确把握文章字里行握文章字里行间间的意思的意思,切勿用自己的切勿用自己的观观点代替作者的点代替作者的观观点；

32、点；2.要特要特别别留意那些描写留意那些描写环环境气氛的境气氛的语语言以及表达感情、言以及表达感情、态态度度或或观观点的点的词语词语；3.结结合自己平合自己平时积时积累的有关英累的有关英语语国家的文化国家的文化传统传统、风风俗俗习惯习惯等背景知等背景知识识来推断。来推断。5预测预测推断推断题题有些内容文章中没有明确有些内容文章中没有明确说说明，明，这这就要求考生根据就要求考生根据语语篇篇对对事事件可能的件可能的结结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进进行推理。做行推理。做这类这类题时题时考生考生应应准确把握作者的写作思路，从而作出比准确把握作者的写作思路，从而作出比较较科学的

33、、科学的、合情合理的推合情合理的推测测。常。常见见的命的命题题形式有：形式有：What do you think will happen when/if.?At the end of this passage，the writer might continue to write_Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the.paragraph?Snow falls in the earths extreme North and South throughout the year.Howeve

34、r，the heaviest snowfalls have been reported in the mountains of other areas during winter.Snow is even known to fall near the equator(赤道赤道)，but only on the highest mountains.Much of the water the world uses comes from snow.Melting snow provides water for rivers，electric power stations and agricultur

35、al crops.In the Western United States，mountain snow provides up to seventyfive percent of all surface water supplies.Snowfalls help to protect plants and some wild animals from snow weather.Fresh snow is made largely of air trapped among the snow crystals(晶体晶体)Because the air has trouble moving，the

36、movement of heat is limited.Snow also influences the movement of sound waves.The surface of the snow takes in，or absorbs，sound waves.As snow grows older or if there have been strong winds，it can be hard and flat.Then，the snows surface will help to send back sound waves.Snow may be beautiful，but it c

37、an be deadly.It is responsible for the deaths of hundreds of people.Many people die in traffic accidents on roads covered with snow and ice or from being seriously stuck in the snow storm.Others die from heart attacks caused by too much physical activity out in the cold.People may not be able to avo

38、id living in areas where it snows often.However，they can avoid being victims of snowstorms.People should stop driving and stay at home until the storm has passed.People living in these areas should carry emergency supplies in their vehicles.These include food，emergency medical supplies，and extra clo

39、thing to stay warm.What will the text probably tell us following the last paragraph?_AHow to drive during snowstorms.BWhere we can get emergency supplies.CHow to prevent heart attacks out in cold.DWhy we should stay warm in winter.C【解析解析】推理判断推理判断题题。本文是一篇。本文是一篇说说明文。文章主要明文。文章主要说说明明了降雪的利与弊以及如何避免了降雪的利与弊

40、以及如何避免这这些弊端。倒数第二段些弊端。倒数第二段讲讲了降了降雪的两大危害雪的两大危害，最后一段最后一段讲讲了如何避免其中的一种危害了如何避免其中的一种危害，接接下来下来应该讲应该讲如何避免另一种危害如何避免另一种危害，即在寒冷的即在寒冷的户户外如何外如何预预防防心心脏脏病病发发作。故作。故选选C。方法点津方法点津对对于想象推断于想象推断类类的的试题试题，由于有些内容文章中没有明确由于有些内容文章中没有明确说说明明,所以考生就要根据所以考生就要根据语语篇篇，对对事件可能的事件可能的结结局或下段可能涉及局或下段可能涉及的内容的内容进进行推行推测测。做。做这类题时这类题时考生考生应应把握好作者的

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