PPP模式在铁路项目融资中的应用研究_彭颖.docx
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1、 摘要 交通运输作为一个国家基础设施的重要组成部分,随着社会经济发展,起 着越来越重要的作用,铁路运输作为交通运输体系中的骨干运输方式,适应经 济发展步伐的要求越来越迫切。然而,相对于我国较高的经济发展水平和发展 速度,铁路的现代化建设步伐却相对缓慢滞后,因此,加快现代化铁路建设, 提升铁路综合运输能力和服务水平显得极其重要,这也是促进我国经济社会又 好又快发展的必然要求。 从建国到现在,国家不断加大对铁路的投资,不断尝试新的融资方式和渠 道,进行铁路投融资体制改革,虽然取得了一定进展,但我国铁路项目发展现 状总体并不理想,供需矛盾并没有得到有效缓解,长期以来始终存在着投资主 体单一、融资渠道
2、狭窄、融资方式落后、市场化程度低等诸多问题。为了实现 中长期铁路网规划的发展目标,为了促进铁路事业的发展,创新铁路建设 投融资方式、解决铁路建设资金问题显得尤为重要。 PPP (Public-Private-Partnership)概念最早在 1992年由英国政府提出,即 “ 公私协作 ” ,是指公共部门与私人部门通过建立合作伙伴关系,来提供公共产 品或服务的一种方式。 PPP模式自上世纪 90年代流行以来,在世界各国公共领 域得到广泛应用,包括城市水务、交通、教育、医院、公共安全,甚至在航空 航天、军事、监狱等领域都有私人部门参与,成为公共基础设施建设的一种重 要融资 方式。PPP模式具有内
3、在优越性,能够将私人资本与政府部门有机结合, 公私双方优势互补,达到共赢的效果;弥补财政资金不足,解决项目资金问题 ; 促进投资主体多元化;合理分配风险,加大融资成功的可能性;控制建设成本, 提商运作效率。 本文分析了 PPP模式在我国铁路项目建设中应用的可行性及发展前景,通 过引入私人资本,可以弥补铁路高速发展而产生的巨额资金缺口,缓解铁路建 设资金压力。在铁路项目中应用 PPP模式亦能够促进我国铁路投融资体制改革, 加快铁路现代化建设进程,因此,将 PPP模式引入到铁路建设融资中具有重要 的现实意义。 本文共分五个部分: 第一部分,绪论。介绍 PPP模式在铁路项目融资中应用的背景及意义;综
4、 述国内外学者关于铁路项目融资方面的研究:阐释本文的研究方法和思路以及 论文的主要结构。 第二部分,铁路项目融资的现状分析。分析了铁路的基本经济属性,中国 铁路融资的现状 .指出目前中国铁路融资模式下存在的主要问题。 第三部分, PPP模式概述。简述 PPP模式的概念及其分类;分析 PPP模式 在国内外铁路建设中的应用状况;指出 PPP模式的优越性。 第四部分, PPP模式在铁路建设中应用的可行性与框架构建。论述了我国 铁路项目应用 PPP模式的可行性;设计了铁路建设引入 PPP模式的框架结构, 具体包括参与者的关系、运作流程以及铁路建设引入 PPP模式的风险管理。 第五部分, PPP.模式在
5、铁路项目融资中应用的相关建议。从宏观和微观两 个层面提出铁路项目融资的对策建议。 关键词 : PPP模式,项目融资,铁路 ABSTRACT Transport as an important part of national infrastructures, plays a more and more important role with the social and economic development. The railway transport as the backbone of transportation system is more and more urgent to a
6、dapt to the requirements of the pace of economic development. However, compared to our country s high economic development level and the pace of development, the modernization construction of railway is relatively slow. Therefore it is very important to speed up the modernization of railway construc
7、tion, improve the comprehensive transportation ability and railway service level. This is also a necessary requirement to promote Chinas eco-social development soundly and rapidly. From the founding of our country to the present, the state has increased investments in railways, constantly tries new
8、ways and channels of financing, and has done some reforms on the investment and financing system. Although we have made some progress, the overall development status of Chinas railway project is not satisfactory: the contradiction between supply and demand lias not been effectively alleviated. Many
9、problems have been existed for a long time, such as single investors . narrow financing channels, backward financing ways, low degree of market and so on. In order to achieve the long-term railway network plan development goals, promote the development of the railway, it is particularly important to
10、 innovate financing ways of railway construction to solve the problem of construction funds. The concept of PPP (Public-Private-Partnership) was put forward by the British government in 1992, namely public-private partnerships, which refers to the public sector and private sector provide public good
11、s or services in a way through partnerships. PPP mode are widely used in public areas of the world since the 1990 s in which time it has been popular, including urban water, transportation, education, hospitals, public safety, even in the aerospace, military, prisons and other areas, private sector
12、is participated, which has been an important financing model in public infrastructure construction. PPP model has inherent advantages, the ability to combine private capital and government departments organicalh. which achieves a win-win situation effect through public and private combination of bot
13、h complementary strengths: to offset finance capital insufficiency and solve the problem of lack of project funds: to promote the investment subject diversity: to allocate risks reasonably and increase the possibilit- of successful financing: to control construction cost and improve the operation ef
14、ficiency. This paper analyzes the feasibility and development prospects of PPP model in the application of Chinas railway construction project: we can make up large sums of money gap by introducing the private capital for high speed railway development, and ease pressure on railway construction fund
15、s. The application of PPP models in railway projects also can promote Chinas railway investment and financing system reform, and speed up the process of modernization of the railway. Accordingly, the PPP models introduced to the railway construction financing has important practical significance. Th
16、is paper is divided into five parts: Part I. Introduction. Introduce the application background and significance of PPP models in railway project finance: review domestic and foreign scholars researches on railway project finance; explain the methods and ideas of this study and the main structure of
17、 the paper. Part II. the analysis of the status of railway project financing. Analyze basic economic attributes of the railway, the Chinese railway financing situation, and point out the main problems of the current Chinese railway financing mode. Part IIL PPP model overview. Describe the concept an
18、d classification of PPP model: analyze PPP model in the application conditions of domestic and foreign railway construction: point out the superiority of the PPP models. Part IV. the feasibility of application and the framework of the PPP model in railway construction. Discusses the feasibility of a
19、pplication of China railway project; design the frame structure of PPP models in railway construction, including the relationship between the participants, operational processes and risk management in railway construction of PPP models. II Part V. related recommendations of PPP model applied in the
20、railwa- project finance. Put forward countermeasures of railway project financing from the macro and micro levels. Key Words: PPP model. Project financing. Railwa 目录 1躲 . 1 1.1研究背景及选题意义 . 1 1.U研究背景 . 1 1.1.2选题意义 . 3 1.2国内外研究综述 . 4 1.2.1国外研究综述 . 4 1.2.2国内研究综述 . 5 1.3研究思路和方法 . 7 1.3.1石开允思路 . * . 7 1.3
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- PPP 模式 铁路 项目 融资 中的 应用 研究 彭颖
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