高二英语人教版必修五讲义UNIT3SECTIONⅢGRAMMAR—过去分词作状语.docx

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1、SectionGrammar 一 过去分词作状语语法突鲤/= Because I was hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency.= I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, and was absorbed by its efficiency.3.When offered help, one often saysCThank you o

2、rIt，s kind of you.”The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.(3)比拟其次组句子可知，作状语用的过去分 词(短语)可以转化成相应的修适从句或并列 句。(4)从第三组句子可知，表示时间、条件、方 式、比拟或让步的状语，可用“附属连词十 过去分词结构。可用于该结构中的附属连 词有: when, once, while, if, unless, as if, as, than, though, although 等。语法初钠原句感知自主探究1 .Worried abou

3、t the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.Given better attention, the trees could grow better.Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earths gravity.2 .Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.作状语用的过去分词(短语)和句子的主语之间是 规律上的动宾关系，或称为被动关系。(2)第

4、一组句子中的过去分词(短语)分别在句子中 作：缘由状语;条件状语;伴随状况或方式 状语。语法周折语法点一过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、缘由、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从 句。其规律主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成规律上的动宾关系。1 .作时间状语。相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until等，使其时间意义更明确。Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head.当被问起发生了什么事时，他低下了头。2 .作缘由状语。相当于缘由状语从句或并列结构。S

5、colded (As she was scolded) by the teacher, the girl sat there without lifting her head. 由于被老师批判了，那个女孩低头坐在那儿。3 .作条件状语。相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if, unless等转换成条件状语从句。Given more attention (if it was given more attention), the fire could have been avoided.假如多留意些的话，火灾本可以被防止的。4 .作让步状语。相当于让步状语从句。有时可加although, though,

6、 even if, even though, whether . or等连词转换成让步状语从句。Left (Although she was left) alone at home, Jenny didnt feel afraid at all.尽管被单独留在家中，Jenny 一点也不可怕。5 .作方式、伴随状语。相当于and连接的并列结构。The president went into the lobby, aepanied (and he was acpanied) by the high officials and reporters.总统在高官和记者的分散下走进大厅。点津值得留意的是，

7、有些过去分词及短语因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被 动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost (迷路)；seated (坐)；hidden (#); lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)；dressed in (穿着)；tired of (厌烦)。Lost in thought, he didnt hear the bell.由于陷入深思之中，他没有听到铃声。即时演练11 1.单句语法填空If we can do as ,mentioned (mention) above, there will be no doubt that we can master En

8、glish.There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory paied (pare) with those who have no musical training.When exposed (expose) to stress, in whatever form, all of us react both chemically and physically.Devoted (devote) to his science research, he has enjoyed f

9、ame all over the world.12 .句型转换When it is seen from the top of the hill, the town looks more beautiful.f Seenfromthetopofthehill, the town looks more beautiful.Because they were deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.- Deeplymovedbythestory, the children began to cry.If we were given m

10、ore time, we could do it much better.Givenmoretime, we could do it much better.The president of the pany came to the factory, and he was followed by some workers, f The president of the pany came to the factory, followedbysomeworkers.语法点二过去分词作状语时在句中的位置过去分词作条件、缘由准时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在 句末；作方式状语时

11、，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有 时也放在句末。Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.得知母亲生病了，李雷快速赶回了家。The old man walked into the room, supported by his son.老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。语法点三过去分词的结构作状语过去分词作状语时，有时在分词前加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词被称 为过去分词的结构，过去分词的结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、缘由、条件等。（2015江苏高考）Much time spent

12、 sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.在书桌前坐得太久，办公室职员一般都受到健康问题的困扰。即时演练2用主格结构作状语改写句子After the lecture was given, a lively question-and-answer session followed.f The lecture given, a lively question-and-answer session followed.The factory produced many famous cars

13、, none of which were shipped to foreign countries.f The factory produced many famous cars, none of them shipped to foreign countries(DBecause extra money was given to the poor, he felt very happy.Extra money given to the poor,he felt very happy.语法点四过去分词与现在分词作状语的区分过去分词与句子的主语之间存在规律上的动宾关系，即表被动；现在分词与句子的

14、主语 之间存在规律上的主谓关系，即表主动。助记分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用-ing,被动用-edoSeen from the top floor, the garden looks more beautiful.从顶层看去，花园看起来更美丽了。Seeing from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful.从顶层看，我们能发觉花园更美丽。点津无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其规律主语必需和句子的主语全都。假如不 全都，那么必需用状语从句、主格结构等其他表达形式。If

15、 caught, the police will punish the thief.( X)If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.( V)If the thief is caught, the police will punish him.( J)即时演练3单句语法填空(重庆高考)When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, telling (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.一Where is Jimmy?Just now I sa

16、w him sitting under the tree, absorbed(absorb) in his video games.Asked (ask) why he was late, he cried.Hearing(hear) the joke, I couldnt helplaughing.语)去/做真题锁定考查方向巩固做典题提升语法水平铤接密考单句语法填空1. (2016北京高考)Ordered (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.2. (2015重庆高考)Raised (ra

17、ise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to being a football star.3. (2014湖南高考)Children, when acpanied (acpany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.4. (2013安徽高考)Founded (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.5. (2012

18、全国高考)Film has a much shorter history, especially when pared (pare) to such art forms as music and painting.针对演神1 .单句语法填空1. Deeply absorbed (absorb) in his writing, my father didnt notice it was dark.2. Warned (warn) not to touch the puter, little Tom looked very upset.3. Satisfied (satisfy) with wha

19、t he had done, the head teacher praised him before the whole class.4. Did the 37-year-old athlete take part in the Olympic Games held (hold) in Brazil?5. Heated (heat) to a high temperature, water will change into vapour.6. Will all the teachers support the decision made (make) at yesterdays meeting

20、?7. pared (pare) with the United States, our country has a long way to go.8. Bom (bear) in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.9. Surrounded (surround) by a river, the park had a central pond with flowers floating in it.10. Disappointed (disappoint) at failing in the math exam, John wouldnt li

21、ke to talk about it to his parents.H.完成句子1 .(重 庆高 考写作)Leaming that you are organiziag this activity to share books worldwide, I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books.得知你在组织全球共享图书活动，我写信申请参与，其缘由是我喜爱读书而且我拥有大 量的图书。2 .(广东高考总分值作文)Given the c

22、hance, I would make donations to orphans eager to gain future success through learning.假如被给一个时机，我想向渴望通过学习获得胜利的孤儿供应捐助。3 .(湖北高考总分值作文)Faced with so many new things to learn, I was overe by fear and was at a loss what to do.面对这么多要学的东西，我会感到恐惊，不知道该做什么。Edited by three language experts, the dictionary has b

23、een popular with the readers ever since it came out two years ago.由于被三位语言专家编辑，这本字典自从两年前上市以来就始终受到读者欢送。5. Bathed in the sunshine, we jumped and cheered with joy.沐浴在阳光中，我们快乐地欢呼雀跃。6. Once lost, such a chance might never e again.一旦失去，这样的时机就永久不会再有了。in.短文改错Dear Bob,I know youre the expert on English learni

24、ng. I had so many problems to trouble you.English is such difficult that I nearly want to give it up! In English classes I cant follow my teacher because of my poorly listening. I cant remember the words clearly, too. Although it takes me much time to study it, but I still cant use words in the righ

25、t way.Trapping in the unknown words, I have much difficulty in reading, what stops me from receiving the main information. You can imagine what the result of my English learning!These worry you a lot. What should I do? I will be very grateful to get your reply.Yours,Li Hua 答案：第一句：thefan其次句：hadhave第三句：suchso第四句：poorlyf poor第五句：tooeither第六句：去掉but第七句：TrappingTrapped; what-which第八句：learning后加is第九句：you-*me