湖北省高考英语一轮复习基础知识课件 Unit2 Working the land 新人教版必修4 课件.ppt

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1、2013届湖北高考英语一轮复习基础知识课件：Unit2 Working the land（新人教版必修4）作作佳佳诵诵 读读(2012福建漳州市三校福建漳州市三校联联考考)最近最近“遇到老人摔倒遇到老人摔倒该该不不该该扶扶”的的话题话题在网在网络络上引上引发发了广泛争了广泛争论论。我。我们们班就班就这这个个问题问题召开了召开了一次班会，会上同学一次班会，会上同学们们各抒己各抒己见见。请请根据所根据所给给信息写一篇英文信息写一篇英文报报道，表述同学道，表述同学们们的不同看法，并表明自己的的不同看法，并表明自己的观观点。点。赞赞成成观观点点反反对观对观点点1.乐乐于助人是中于助人是中华华美德美德1

2、.怕怕误误解，惹解，惹祸祸上身上身2.社会需要和社会需要和谐谐，关，关爱爱2.医医疗疗知知识识不足不足你的看法你的看法1.开开头头已已给给出，但不出，但不计计入入总词总词数：数：2不要逐句翻不要逐句翻译译，可适当增加内容使行文，可适当增加内容使行文连贯连贯；3词词数：数：120左右左右参考参考词汇词汇：美德：美德：virtue n和和谐谐：harmony n.Recently，whether to help the old men up when they fall down has been heatedly discussed on the Internet._点点考考锁锁 定定.重点词汇

3、重点词汇1_ n统计；统计数字；统计资料统计；统计数字；统计资料2_ adj.引起烦恼的引起烦恼的_vt.扰乱；打扰扰乱；打扰3_ vt.使使变变大大；伸伸展展_n扩扩大大；扩扩张张4_ vi.循环；流传循环；流传_n循环；流通循环；流通5_ vt.配备；装备配备；装备_n设备设备6_ vt.输出；出口输出；出口7_ n国籍国籍_adj.民族的民族的8_ n工作；工作；职业职业；占；占领领_vt.占据；使从事占据；使从事9_ n性性格格；个个性性；人人格格_adj.个个人人的的10_ vt.使迷惑；使使迷惑；使为难为难11_ adj.化化学学的的；关关于于化化学学的的_n化化学学12_ n生生

4、产产；制造；制造13_ n细细菌菌14_ n营营养养；滋滋养养；食食物物_adj.有有营营养养的的15_ n矿矿物；物；矿矿石石16_ n发现发现；发觉发觉_n发现发现者者17_ vt.减少；减减少；减缩缩_n减少减少18_ n总结总结；摘要；概要；摘要；概要19_ n评论评论；议论议论vt.表达意表达意见见；作出；作出评论评论20_ adj.工工业业的的；产产业业的的_n工工业业；产产业业答案答案1 statistic 2.disturbing；disturb 3.expand；expansion 4.circulate；circulation 5.equip；equipment6.expo

5、rt 7.nationality；national 8.occupation；occupy9.personality；personal10.confuse11.chemical；chemistry12.production 13bacteria14.nutrition；nutrient15.mineral16.discovery；discoverer17.reduce；ment20.industrial；industry.短语回顾短语回顾1_the land土地耕种土地耕种2struggle_为为而而奋奋斗斗3_the past five decades过过去的五十年里去的五十年里4a_out

6、put高高产产量量5thanks_幸幸亏亏；由于；因；由于；因为为6rid._摆摆脱；除去脱；除去7be satisfied_对对满满意意8would_宁愿宁愿9build_逐逐渐渐增增强强；建立；开；建立；开发发10_to导导致；造成致；造成(后果后果)11focus_集中集中(注意力、精力等注意力、精力等)于于12keep.free_使使免免受受(影影响响/伤伤害害等等)；使使不含不含(有害物有害物)答案答案1work 2.for 3.in 4.high 5.to 6.of 7.with8.rather9.up10.lead11.on12.from/of.句式填空句式填空1if引引导导的条

7、件状的条件状语语从句中的省略从句中的省略_(如如果果这这样样的的话话)，what did you do to grow them?2what be called“所所谓谓的的”Dr Yuan Longping grows_(所所谓谓的超的超级级水稻水稻)3it作形式作形式宾语宾语，代指不定式或从句，代指不定式或从句This special strain of rice makes_(成成为为可可能能)produce onethird more of the crop in the same fields.4as.as构成的英构成的英语语倍数表达法倍数表达法Using his hybrid ri

8、ce,farmers are producing harvests_(两倍多两倍多)before.5部分否定部分否定One dream is_(并并不不总总是是够够的的)，especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.答案答案1If so2what is called super hybrid rice3it possible to4twice as large as5not always enough频频高高考考 点点考点单词考点单词 1struggle vi.斗争；拼搏；努力斗争；拼搏；努力They were stru

9、ggling to get out of the burning car.他们挣扎着从燃烧的汽车里往外爬。他们挣扎着从燃烧的汽车里往外爬。She has struggled against a strange disease for a whole year.她和一种怪病作斗争已经整整一年。她和一种怪病作斗争已经整整一年。struggle for.为为而斗争而斗争struggle with和和一起奋斗；与一起奋斗；与作斗争作斗争struggle against与与作斗争作斗争struggle through the snowstorm冒着冒着风风雪前雪前进进struggle to do努力做某

10、事努力做某事struggle to ones feet挣挣扎着站起来扎着站起来the struggle for existence生存生存竞竞争争即即境境活活用用1The boy couldnt swim and_in the water.AstruggledBfoughtCstruck Dbeat 解解析析 struggle挣挣扎扎。fight 打打架架；strike 猛猛击击；beat 拍拍打打，连续击打。连续击打。答案答案 A2disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的引起烦恼的；令人不安的At that time,hunger was a disturbing problem

11、 in many parts of the countryside.当当时时，饥饿饥饿是是许许多多农农村地区面村地区面临临的的严严重重问题问题。Its very disturbing that there has been an increase in crime in the last six months.过过去六个月犯罪案件的增加令人非常不安。去六个月犯罪案件的增加令人非常不安。disturb the peace扰扰乱治安乱治安disturbing experiences/news/news令人令人烦恼烦恼的的经历经历/消息消息be disturbed about因因而感到心神不安而感到

12、心神不安be mentally disturbed精神不安精神不安Its disturbing that.令人不安令人不安Dont disturb！请请勿打勿打扰扰！【易混辨析易混辨析】disturb/interruptdisturb指人心、睡眠、安静等被指人心、睡眠、安静等被“打扰，扰乱打扰，扰乱”。interrupt多指由于某种外界因素而停下来或中断。多指由于某种外界因素而停下来或中断。Heavy traffic disturbed the neighbourhood.繁忙的交通扰乱了这一带的安宁。繁忙的交通扰乱了这一带的安宁。Youd better not interrupt him;h

13、e is absorbed in reading.你最好不要打扰他；他正在专心致志地看书。你最好不要打扰他；他正在专心致志地看书。即即境境活活用用2Its_that I cant get along well with my new neighbor.Adisturbing BconfusingCpuzzling Dexciting 解解析析 disturbing令令人人烦烦恼恼的的。confusing令令人人迷迷惑惑的的；puzzling 令人迷惑的；令人迷惑的；exciting 令人兴奋的。令人兴奋的。答案答案 A3equip vt.配备；装备配备；装备They equipped them

14、selves with a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest.他他们带们带上两把上两把锋锋利的斧子朝森林走去。利的斧子朝森林走去。Your education will equip you for your future life.你所受的教育将使你能适你所受的教育将使你能适应应今后的生活。今后的生活。equip.with用用装装备备equip sb.for(doing)sth.使某人使某人为为(做做)某事而准某事而准备备equip sb.to do sth.使某人能使某人能够够做某事做某事be equipped with.装装备备着着

15、be equipped to do sth.使某人准使某人准备备做某事做某事a piece of equipment一件一件设备设备即即 境境 活活 用用 3The explorers were told to_themselves with everything they would need for their voyage.Acommunicate BfeedCequip Dassociate 解析解析 equip.with.用用装备。装备。答案答案 C4confuse v使迷惑；使为难使迷惑；使为难She got confused after hearing what her pare

16、nts said.听了父母的听了父母的话话后她感到迷惑不解。后她感到迷惑不解。Dont give me so much informationyou are confusing me.不要跟我不要跟我说说那么多消息那么多消息你都把我搞糊涂了。你都把我搞糊涂了。confuse A with/and B把把A混混为为Bbe/get confused with/get confused with/about对对感到困惑感到困惑be confused(人感到人感到)困惑的；糊涂的困惑的；糊涂的be confusing令人迷惑的令人迷惑的throw sb.into confusion使某人不知所措使某人

17、不知所措in confusion处处于混乱状于混乱状态态即即境境活活用用4What he said _me and I was at a loss.Aconfused BrefusedCconfirmed Dconsulted 解解析析 confuse使使迷迷惑惑。refuse 拒拒绝绝；confirm 证证实实；consult 咨询。咨询。答案答案 A5regret vt.遗憾；惋惜遗憾；惋惜n.遗憾；懊悔遗憾；懊悔Weve always deeply regretted selling the farm.我我们们一直一直为卖为卖了了这这个个农场农场而后悔。而后悔。We regret to

18、inform you that you owe the bank 100.我我们们很很遗遗憾地告憾地告诉诉你，你欠你，你欠银银行行100英英镑镑。regret ones choice后悔自己的后悔自己的选择选择regret doing sth.后悔做后悔做过过某事某事regret to do遗遗憾地去做某事憾地去做某事regret that.感到感到遗遗憾憾to ones regret令人令人遗遗憾的是憾的是feel regret for.为为感到后悔感到后悔express regret at/for/for/over.对对表示表示遗遗憾憾即即境境活活用用5You were brave eno

19、ugh to raise objections at the meeting.Well,now I regret_that.Ato do Bto be doingCto have been done Dhaving done 解析解析 regret having done sth.后悔做过某事。后悔做过某事。答案答案 D6focus n焦点；中心点焦点；中心点v.集中；聚集集中；聚集They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.他他们们关心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。关心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。All eyes we

20、re focused on him.所有的眼光都注所有的眼光都注视视着他。着他。focus on集中集中(注意力、精力等注意力、精力等)于于focus ones attention/mind/mind/energy on集中注意力集中注意力/心思心思/精力于精力于the focus of attention关注的焦点关注的焦点bring.into focus使使成成为为焦点焦点in focus对对准焦点；清晰准焦点；清晰out of focus没有没有对对准焦点；不清晰准焦点；不清晰即即 境境 活活 用用 6 Because of her strange clothes,she immedia

21、tely became the _of attention when she entered the hall.Aconcentration BpointCfocus Daim 解解析析 focus焦焦点点。concentration 专专心心致致志志；point 意意义义；aim 目标。目标。答案答案 C7reduce vt.减少；缩减减少；缩减The earthquake reduced the population to half its previous level.地震使人口减少到震前的一半。地震使人口减少到震前的一半。She was reduced to begging for a

22、 living.她被迫以乞她被迫以乞讨为讨为生。生。reduce.to.把把降至降至reduce.by.把把减少了减少了reduce ones weight减肥减肥be reduced to despair陷入陷入绝绝望望be reduced to doing sth.被迫做某事被迫做某事make a reduction减价减价即即境境活活用用7The government calls on the public to go to work by bicycle instead of by car in order to_air pollution.Awarn BendangerCstop D

23、reduce 解解析析 reduce减减少少。warn警警告告；endanger 危危及及；stop 阻阻止。止。答案答案 D8comment n评论；议论评论；议论v.表达意见；作出评论表达意见；作出评论She commented that it was a better play than usual,and I agreed.她她评论说评论说它是一个比以往都好的它是一个比以往都好的戏剧戏剧，我，我赞赞同同这这一一评论评论。He made some comments on the recent development.他他对对最近的最近的发发展做了一些展做了一些评论评论。comment o

24、n/upon评论评论；评说评说comment that.评论评论make comments on对对发发表表评论评论/议论议论no comment无可奉告无可奉告即即境境活活用用8 Anything to say about the latest talk between the two countries?_I know nothing about it.ANo comment!BNothing to say.CI beg your pardon?DGo ahead.解析解析 No comment无可奉告。无可奉告。答案答案 A9occupation n工作；职业；占领工作；职业；占领Ple

25、ase state your name,address and occupation.请说请说明你的姓名、地址和明你的姓名、地址和职业职业。Demonstrators are continuing their occupation of the building.示威者示威者继续继续占据着那占据着那栋栋大楼。大楼。【思维拓展思维拓展】occupy v占；占据；使某人忙碌占；占据；使某人忙碌be occupied(房间、座位、床位等房间、座位、床位等)被占有，被占用被占有，被占用occupy ones mind/thoughts/thoughts/attention占占据据某某人人的的头头脑脑/

26、思思维维/注意力注意力occupy sb./keep sb.occupied使某人忙碌使某人忙碌be occupied with忙于忙于(做某事做某事)be occupied in doing sth.occupy sb.in doing sth.使使某某人忙于做某事人忙于做某事即境活用即境活用9He_ himself _ writing a novel.Aoccupied;on Bdevoted;toCdevoted;in Doccupied;to 解析解析 devoted.to doing 专心于；专心于；occupy.in doing 忙于。忙于。答案答案 B10expand v使变大；

27、伸展；阐述使变大；伸展；阐述Why not try to expand your story into a novel?你怎么不把你的故事你怎么不把你的故事扩扩展成小展成小说说呢？呢？His face expanded in a smile of welcome.他喜笑他喜笑颜颜开地表示开地表示欢欢迎。迎。expand sth.into把把扩扩展成展成expand on sth.阐阐述或述或详详述述即即境境活活用用10Our foreign trade has_greatly in recent years.Aexpanded BexportedCwidened Dsurvived 解解析析

28、expand扩扩大大。export 出出口口；widen拓拓宽宽；survive幸幸免于难。免于难。答案答案 A11supply n&v供应品；补给；供给供应品；补给；供给You promised us fuel,but can you guarantee its supply?你答你答应给应给我我们们提供燃料，但能保提供燃料，但能保证证供供应吗应吗？Have we got enough supplies of coal?我我们贮们贮存的煤存的煤够够用用吗吗？supply sb.with sth.supply sth.to/for sb.供供给给某人某物某人某物in short supply供

29、供应应不足不足a supply ofsupplies of大量的大量的a supply of food食品供食品供应应supply and demand供求关系供求关系medical supplies医医疗疗用品用品即即境境活活用用11A pipeline will be built to_some eastern provinces with natural gas from the west of China.Asend BsellCsupply Doffer 解解析析 supply供供应应，符符合合句句意意。send寄寄送送；sell卖卖；offer sb.sth.主动给某人提供某物。主

30、动给某人提供某物。答案答案 C12exchange vt.&n交换；兑换；交流交换；兑换；交流I often exchange information with him.我我经经常和他交常和他交换换信息。信息。Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds?我在哪里能把美元我在哪里能把美元换换成英成英镑镑？He gave me an apple in exchange for a piece of cake.他他给给我一个苹果来我一个苹果来换换一一块块蛋糕。蛋糕。exchange.for.把把换换成成change.for.trade.for.exchang

31、e.with sb.和某人交和某人交换换in exchange for交交换换make an exchange交交换换change.into.把把变变成成【巧学助记巧学助记】即即境境活活用用12(2012绵绵阳阳市市南南山山中中学学月月考考)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money_favours to them.Ain preference to Bin place ofCin agreement with Din exchange for 解解析析 in exchange for交交换换，符符合

32、合句句意意。in preference to 偏爱偏爱；in agreement with 与与一致；一致；in place of取代。取代。答案答案 D13therefore adv.因此；所以；结果因此；所以；结果He worked day and night,and therefore he was able to buy an expensive car.他日夜工作，所以有能力他日夜工作，所以有能力买买一一辆辆昂昂贵贵的汽的汽车车。She went to a party and therefore didnt study her lessons.她去参加了一个聚会，因此没有学她去参加了

33、一个聚会，因此没有学习习功功课课。即即境境活活用用13 The successful launch of Shenzhou caught the worlds attention._，were convinced of the bright future of China and its key role in keeping the world peace.AHowever BOtherwiseCTherefore DBesides 解解 析析 therefore因因 此此，符符 合合 句句 意意。however然然 而而；otherwise否则；否则；besides另外。另外。答案答案 C

34、考点短语考点短语 1rid.of摆脱；除去摆脱；除去One day we will manage to rid the world of this terrible disease.总有一天我们会有办法使这种可怕的疾病在世界上绝迹。总有一天我们会有办法使这种可怕的疾病在世界上绝迹。【思维拓展思维拓展】get rid of去掉，除去，摆脱；废除；抛弃去掉，除去，摆脱；废除；抛弃remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事提醒某人某事inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事通知某人某事rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物抢劫某人某物cheat sb.of sth.骗取某人某物骗取某人某

35、物convince sb.of sth.使某人信服某事使某人信服某事ask sth.of sb.问及某人某事问及某人某事即即境境活活用用14(2012海海门门市市高高三三诊诊断断二二)The French Revolution was successful in_society of inequality，which had a great effect on many other countries，particularly those in Europe.Ainforming BremindingCridding Drobbing 解解析析 rid.of.使使摆摆脱脱。inform sb.

36、of sth.告告知知某某人人某某事事；remind sb.of sth.提提醒醒某某人人某某事事；rob sb.of sth.抢抢劫劫某某人的某物。人的某物。答案答案 C2be satisfied with对对感到满意感到满意Im not satisfied with the present situation.我我对对目前的情况一点都不目前的情况一点都不满满意。意。【思维拓展思维拓展】satisfy sb.with sth.因某事而让某人满意因某事而让某人满意be satisfied that.对对感到满意感到满意be satisfied to do乐意干乐意干satisfied adj.

37、感到满意的感到满意的satisfying adj.令人满意的令人满意的satisfactory adj.令人满意的令人满意的satisfaction n满意，满足满意，满足to ones satisfaction令人满意的是令人满意的是【易错提示易错提示】satisfy还还可可用用于于satisfy ones need/demand中中，表表示示“满满足某人的要求足某人的要求”。即即境境活活用用15The young man decided to quit the job because whatever he does cant_his boss.Ameet BastonishCdisapp

38、oint Dsatisfy 解解析析 satisfy使使满满意意。meet 会会见见；astonish 使使惊惊讶讶；disappoint 使失望。使失望。答案答案 D3build up逐渐增强；建立；开发逐渐增强；建立；开发He has built up a good business over the years.几年来，他几年来，他经营经营的企的企业业日益日益兴兴旺。旺。【思维拓展思维拓展】build up a fine reputation建立良好的信誉建立良好的信誉build up a fame建立名声建立名声build up ones health/body增增进进健康健康buil

39、d on/upon把把建立于；依建立于；依赖赖；指望；指望即即境境活活用用16After staying for a while in the seaside,our manager seems to have_his body.Abuilt up Bput upCset up Dturned up 解解析析 build up增增强强。put up 张张贴贴，搭搭建建；set up 成成立立；turn up 出现。出现。答案答案 A4lead to导致；造成导致；造成(后果后果)；通向；通向Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other

40、illnesses.很多化学成分能很多化学成分能导导致癌症或其它疾病。致癌症或其它疾病。This freeway leads to another important city.这这条高速公路通向另一座重要城市。条高速公路通向另一座重要城市。【思维拓展思维拓展】lead sb.to do sth.致使某人做某事致使某人做某事lead the way带路；引路带路；引路lead sb.by the nose牵着鼻子走；控制某人牵着鼻子走；控制某人in the lead领先；处于首位领先；处于首位take the lead带头；领先带头；领先under the leadership of在在的领导

41、下的领导下即即境境活活用用17We strongly believe that war never settles anything.It only _violence.Aruns into Bcomes fromCleads to Dbegins with 解解析析 lead to导导致致。run into 撞撞上上；come from 来来自自；begin with 以以开始。开始。答案答案 C5keep.free from/of使使免免受受(影影响响、伤伤害害)；使使不含不含(有害物有害物)The local government keeps the peasants free of t

42、ax.当地政府免除了当地政府免除了农农民的税收。民的税收。【思维拓展思维拓展】be free from/of.无无的；免于的；免于的的remain free from care仍然无忧无虑仍然无忧无虑for free免费免费free of charge免费免费feel free无拘束无拘束即即境境活活用用18I want to keep my son_computer games.Afree from Bbusy withCfree Dbusy 解析解析 keep.free from使使免受影响。免受影响。答案答案 A6focus on集中集中(注意力、精力注意力、精力)于于focus one

43、s attention/mind on/mind on/upon.集中某人的注意力于集中某人的注意力于Were going to focus on the relationship between freedom and necessity.我我们们将集中将集中讨论讨论自由和必要性之自由和必要性之间间的关系的关系这这一一问题问题。He focused his mind on his lessons.他把心思集中在功他把心思集中在功课课上。上。focus on的同的同义词组义词组有：有：concentrate(.)on集中注意力于集中注意力于fix ones attention on把注意力集中

44、于把注意力集中于be lost inlose oneself in沉湎于沉湎于be absorbed in全神全神贯贯注于注于be buried in埋埋头头于于be devoted to献身于献身于即即 境境 活活 用用 19 The old man stood there with his eyes_on the picture.Ato focus BfocusingCfocused Dfocus 解解析析 句句意意：那那个个老老人人站站在在那那里里，眼眼睛睛盯盯着着那那幅幅画画。focus和和eyes之间为被动关系，故这里要用过去分词。之间为被动关系，故这里要用过去分词。答案答案 C7t

45、hanks to多亏，由于多亏，由于Thanks to you,I was saved from drowning.幸幸亏亏你，我才没有淹死。你，我才没有淹死。Our party is a big success thanks to a lot of hard work.由于不懈的努力，我由于不懈的努力，我们们的晚会的晚会获获得了巨大的成功。得了巨大的成功。即境活用即境活用20You finally made it,didnt you?Yes,_your help,I wouldnt have succeeded.Ain spite of Bbut forCdue to Dthanks to

46、解解析析 句句意意：你你最最终终成成功功了了，不不是是吗吗？是是的的，如如果果没没有有你你的的帮帮助助，我我不不可可能能成成功功。in spite of尽尽管管；but for如如果果没没有，如果不是；有，如果不是；due to由于；由于；thanks to由于。根据句意选由于。根据句意选B。答案答案 B重点句型重点句型 1What do you think would happen if tomorrow there was suddenly no rice to eat?你认为如果明天突然没米饭吃了会发生什么事？你认为如果明天突然没米饭吃了会发生什么事？What do you think.

47、？你认为？你认为？以以上上句句型型是是双双重重疑疑问问句句的的形形式式。可可用用于于该该句句式式的的动动词词有有：think，believe，suppose，guess等等，其其句句式式结结构构为为：特特殊殊疑疑问问词词(what，when，where，how，who.)do you think/believe/believe/suppose/guess主语谓语？主语谓语？What do you think has happened to Tom?你你认为汤认为汤姆遇到什么事了呢？姆遇到什么事了呢？When_do_you_suppose he might come?你你认为认为他什么他什么时时

48、候会来？候会来？Where_do_you_guess Jack has gone？你你猜猜杰杰克克去去哪哪了？了？即即境境活活用用21We havent heard from Kate for a long time.What do you suppose_to her?Awas happening Bto happenChas happened Dhaving happened 解析解析 what do you suppose谓语。谓语。答案答案 C2Using his hybrid rice,farmers are producing harvests twice as large as

49、before.用用他他的的杂杂交交水水稻稻种种子子，农农民民们们种种出出的的粮粮食食比比以以前前多多了了一一倍。倍。倍数表达法：倍数表达法：倍数倍数as形容形容词词/副副词词as倍数倍数the名名词词(size/length/length/height.)of倍数形容倍数形容词词/副副词词比比较级较级than动词动词by数数词词/百分比百分比/倍数倍数倍数倍数whatclauseThe plane flew ten times as high as the kite.那架那架飞飞机机飞飞行的高度是那个行的高度是那个风风筝的十倍。筝的十倍。The street is four times the

50、 length of that one.这这条街是那条街的四倍条街是那条街的四倍长长。The hall is five times bigger than our classroom.这这个大个大厅厅比我比我们们的教室大五倍。的教室大五倍。(是我是我们们教室的六倍大教室的六倍大)The landlord wanted to raise the rent by a fourth.房房东东想把房租提高四分之一。想把房租提高四分之一。The production now is twice what it was 5 years ago.现现在的在的产产量是五年前的两倍。量是五年前的两倍。即即境境活活