中考英语语法—现在完成时.docx

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1、中考语法现在完成时（一）一、同步知识梳理一、构成 现在完成时由“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。二、现在完成时的肯定、否定和疑问句式 (1)肯定句式现在完成时的肯定句式是“主语+have/has+过去分词+其他”。如: I have been to America many times.我己经去过美国许多次了。 注意：“主语+ have/has”的缩写形式:I haveIve she hasshes you haveyouve he hashes we haveweve it hasits they havetheyve(2)否定句式现在完成时的否定句式是“主语+have/has

2、+not+过去分词+其他”。如: We havent seen such an interesting film before. 我们以前没看过这么有趣的电影。 She hasnt learned Chinese since she came to China. 自从她来到中国，她就没学过汉语。 注意：“have/has+not”的缩写形式:have nothavent has nothasnt(3) 一般疑问句式 现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have/ has提到主语之前。如: Have you read this paper yet？你已经看过这份报纸了吗? Yes，I have.

3、/No， I havent.是的，我看过。/不，我没看过。 一Has she been to Shanghai yet?她去过上海吗？ 一Yes，she has./No, she hasnt.是的，她去过。/不，她没去过。 注意：现在完成时的一般疑问句的回答和其他时态的一般疑问句的回答一样，需用Yes或No，即“Yes，主语+have/has.”或”No，主语+havent/hasnt.”。(4)特殊疑问句式 现在完成时的特殊疑问句式是“特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他?”如: How long have you taught English?你教英语多长时间了? Where

4、 have you been?你去过哪儿?三、过去分词的变化有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式相同，其变化情况大致分类如下：变化举例与原形相同hithithit hurthurthurt在原形后加她t或dlearnlearntlearnt hearheardheard原形中的元音字母有变化getgotgot sitsatsat原形中的辅音字母有变化makemademade spillspiltspilt原形中的元音、辅音字母都有变化feelfeltfelt smell smeltsmelt 有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式不同，其变化情况大致分类如下：变化举例与原形相同comecamec

5、ome runranrun原形中的元音字母有变化ringrangrung singsangsang在原形后加eneatateeaten fallfellfallen在原形后加nseesawseen givegavegiven在过去式后加nstealstolestolen breakbrokebroken原形、过去式和过去分词词形差异较大dodiddone gowentgone四、现在分词的定义及用法用法一：表示过去某个时间开始的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词使用延续性动词，be,study,work,live,keep,wait等。常与for或since引导的时间连用

6、 for+段时间 for ten minutes for three years since+过去点时间 since 1985 since+时间状语从句（一般过去时） since last month since+段时间+ago 带有all的常见时间状语：all day ,all this morning,all ones life带到现在为止的时间状语:so far, up to now ,till now ，ever since（迄今）其他常见时间状语in/during/over the past/last few years(在过去几年里)备注：these days既可以用于现在进行时也

7、可以用于现在完成时具体的几组时间短语辨析ago用于一般过去时（用瞬间动词）；sinceago用于现在完成时；in the past用于一般过去时；in the past few years用于现在完成时；just now(置于句末)用于一般过去时；just(置于句中)用于现在完成时。如：I bought this dictionary three years ago.I have had this dictionary for three years.I have had this dictionary since three years ago.这本字典是我三年前买的。还可以用“It is/

8、has been+时间段+since从句”改写为：It is three years since I bought this dictionary.E.g. Kate has lived here for 3 years. Kate has lived here since 3 years ago. Kate has lived here since she came to China. I have sat for hours in the classroom，reading a novel.The weather has been cold so far this morning.How

9、long have you been here? -I have been here for an hour.小练笔-用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _1974.6. Th

10、e bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.9. We have lived here _ 1990.11. How long have you studied here ? _ 5 years .12. The boy has had a bad cold _ last n

11、ight .13. Mr. Huang has kept the books _ a week ago .14.I have taught in the school _ I came here .15.We have been friends _ a long time .注意点：对由for/since引导的现在完成时的时间状语，提问都用How long，要与when区分开来。He has been away since last week.He has been away for one week.小练笔：1. Mr. Green _ in China since five years a

12、go.A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live2. We have been friends since _. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before3. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in4. -What a nice bike! How long_ you _ it? -Just five weeks. A. will; buy B. di

13、d; buy C. are; having D. have; had5. -How long have you been here? - _ last month. A. For B. Until C. Before D. Since6. We have lived here _ five years ago A. when Bsince Cbefore Dafter7.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _ he came to Yunnan AAfter Bbefore Csince Dfor8. How long have you _ h

14、ere ?About two months . been . gone . come . arrived9.I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.用法二：表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果.现在完成时这一时态强调是过去动作与现在的联系.用于肯定句中不与for ,since连用。非持续性动词begin ,give out ,go, meet,see，change,pass,fix,die.常用的模糊的时间状语有：already ,once,before, once, twice, just, recently ,yet(否/疑

15、), already(肯), ever, never, 但不能与表示明确时间的时间状语连用，如in 1974，yesterday morning，last year等。Eddie has eaten my food .I have changed my plan a day before.He has cleaned the blackboard.Have you ever considered moving to the south?Has he visited the city twice?They have just joined our computer to the Internet

16、.注：非延续性动词不能表动作持续，所以肯定句不能与for,since一起He has arrived here for two hours He has been here for two hours .We have bought a DVD for a week. We had had/kept a DVD for a week.但是否定句不受限制。Havent seen you for a long time . We havent heard from her since last week.用法三。从过去到现在反复发生的动作，多次出现的状态.often, always, every

17、weekHe has always said so.Ive often seen him in the science museum. 五、.现在完成时态中already, yet, just, never, ever用法区别1、already意思是“已经”通常用于陈述句中（放在have和has的后面）也可用于疑问句，表示期望得到肯定的回答或表示惊异，此时already常放在句末。Has she found her bike already？她已经找到自行车了？2、yet用法yet可用于否定句，此时译为“还”；I havent found my ruler yet.也可以用于疑问句，译为“已经

18、”（放在have和has的后面也可放在句末）Have you found your ruler yet？你已经找到尺子了吗？3、just只用于陈述句意思是“刚刚”（放在have和has的后面）I have just received a letter.4、never用于否定句译为“从不”（放在have和has的后面）Ive never been to Beijing.5、ever用于疑问句译为“曾经”（放在have和has的后面）Have you ever been to Beijing?Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, ” to fill in th

19、e blanks.1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”二、考点精练一、单项选择( )1. -Can you find our city _ a lot in recent years? -Yes. The road is wider and the

20、buildings are taller. Ahas changed B changes C changed Dwill change( )2. Im not hungry because I have_ had lunch A ever B never Cjust Dstill( )3. He came back late, so his father was very angry.（选出与画线部分意思相同或相近的一项） A arrived B gave back C returned Dreached( )4. She used to _ a bus to school, but now

21、she is used to _ to school. A taking; walk B take; walk C taking; walking D. take; walking( )5. She _ for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter. A. married B has been married C. got married D. has got married二、根据句意及中文提示完成单词1What was your hometown like in the_（过去）?2Do you know what you should d

22、o at_（现在，目前）?3I think there will be more_（污染）in fifty years.三、用所给单词的适当形式填空1. -Guo Taos new book about his stories with his son_ (come) out.- Really? Why not go to the bookshop and buy one right now?2. Yancheng is in the_ (north) part of Jiangsu.3. Li Jianrou was_ (interview) shortly after she won th

23、e first gold medal for China in the 22nd Winter Olympic Games.4. It is necessary for us_ (listen) carefully in class.【参考答案】一、15 ACCDB二. 1. past . 2. present 3. pollution三. 1. has come 2. northern 3. interviewed 4. to listen现在完成时（二）一、知识梳理一、have/has been to； have/has gone to和have/has been in的用法1. “hav

24、e/ has been to+地点名词”表示“去过某地”，表示某人的一种经历，说话时已不在那个地方，常和once，twice，often，never，ever等连用。如: 一Where have you been? 你去哪儿了? 一Ive been to the post office.我去邮局了。(人已不在邮局)一Have you ever been to Shanghai?你曾去过上海吗? 一No, Ive never been there. 没有，我从来没有去过那儿。2. “have/has gone to+地点名词”表示“去了某地”，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的路上、已在某地或在回

25、来的路上，所以一般来说此句型只能用于第三人称，不能与时间状语once，twice，often，never，ever等连用。如: 一Where is Simon?西蒙在哪儿? 一He has gone to Australia with his family.他和家人一起去澳大利亚了。(人已不在这儿。在去澳大利亚的路上、已在澳大利亚或在从澳大利亚返回的途中。)3.“have/has been in十地点名词”表示“某人在某地待了 (多久)”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用（即与for/since引导的时间状语连用）。如: Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for thre

26、e days. 布朗先生来上海已经三天了。 How long have you been in New York？你在纽约多久了?注意：注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉to/in， 这五个地点副词是：where,here ,there ,home ,abroad小练笔用have gone to / have been to / have been in / went to 填空。1. _ you ever _ Disneyland?2. How many times _ you _ Disneyland ?3. I _ Nanjing since two years ago4. Mr. Li _ H

27、ong Kong. And hell come back in two days.5. How long _ you _ Disneyland ? For three days. I _ the theme park last Sunday.6. My father _ Hong Kong two weeks ago. 7. My father _ Hong Kong in 2005.8. My father _ Hong Kong since 2005.9. My father _ Hong Kong twice.10. My father _ Hong Kong and he hasnt

28、come back yet.11. Wheres Lucy? She has_ to a restaurant for lunch.12. Have you _ to this park before.13. I have_ there only once this year.14. She has _ to the shop to buy a notebook.15. Youre late, Lao Wang has _ to Guangzhou.二、for和since的用法区别1. 说明动作延续时间的长度，后面接时间，且只能是“一段”时间，这时应用“for+一段时间”。如: He has

29、learned English for two years.他已学了两年英语。2. 说明动作起始时间，后面接时间，只能是“点”时间，即“since+表示过去的一个时间点”。另外，since后也可接时间状语从句，但从句中必须用一般过去时态。如: I have studied here since 2006.自从2006年以来，我一直在这儿学习。 I have known her since she was a child.她还是个孩子时，我就认识她了。注：1) 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for

30、10 years. 画线提问： _ _ have you lived here?注 2): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中 Eg. (误)I have left there for 5 years.(正)I have been away there for 5 years. 练习： 选用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has b

31、een on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.三、延续性动词和非延续性动词1. 延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的延续性动词有：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，speak，talk， draw，wait，walk， sleep等。如:We have already waited

32、 here for two hours.我们已经在这儿等了两个小时了。2. 非延续性动词又称短暂性动词或瞬间动词，即动作发生就立即结束，并产生某种结果。非延续性动词可以用于现在完成时中，但是不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如果要表示动作的延续，就需要将其转换为延续性动词或表示状态的词。如: The film has started.电影已经开始了。 The film has been on for two hours.电影已经开始两个小时了。 常见的非延续性动词和对应的延续性动词或表示状态的词有: diebe dead stopbe overborrowkeep buy have buy/cat

33、chhave get upbe up come/arrive/gobe in/at finish/stopbe over leavebe away (from) openbe open closebe closed begin/startbe on get married-be married; marrybe married joinbe in/be a member of catch a coldhave a coldfall asleepbe asleep fall illbe ill二、常考考点分析(一)考查现在完成时的一般用法( )1Kitty, will you go to see

34、 the film Cold Mountain this evening? No，I wontI_it alreadyAsaw Bhave seen Csee Dwill see ( )2.Gone with the Wind is a wellknown novelShe_ it twice Aread Bis reading Creads Dhas read( )3How long_ you_ here? For about two years so far A. have; studied B. did; live C. do; stay D. have changed（二）考查非延续性

35、动词与一段时间连用的表达方式( )1OhMrsking, your dress looks nice Is it new?No，I_ it since two years ago. Ahad Bhave had Cbought Dhave bought( )2Jeff borrowed a history book from his friendHe_it for a weekAhas borrowed B.has lent C.has kept Dlend( )3.The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer_for half a

36、n hour Ahas left Bhas gone C. has been away D. has gone away(三)考查havehas been to，havehas gone to与havehas been in的区别( )1Wheres your father?He_ ShanghaiHell be back next week Ahas gone to Bhas been to Chave gone to Dhave been to( )2Where is David? He_to England on business Ais going Bhas gone Chas bee

37、n Dgoes( )3._ you ever_ to the United States? -Yes, twiceAHave; gone BHave; been CDo；go DWere; going(四)考查for与since接时间状语时的区别( )1What a nice dog! How long have you had it?_two years AFor BSince C. In( )2Miss Gao has taught in this school_ 1993A. for Bat Cin Dsince(五)考查现在完成时与一般过去时的区别( )1-He has already

38、 gone to England -When_ he_ there? Awill; go Bis; going Cdid; go Dhas; gone( )2Have you read this book?yes, I_it two weeks ago.Aam reading Bhave read Cwill read Dread(六)现在完成时在特定语境下的使用( )1Helen，I told you to do your home-work as carefully as you can?Yes，but Ifewer mistakes than I usually doAwas makin

39、g Bhave made Cwill make Dhad made( )2Has the match started? Started? Finished！Guo Yue_Ais winning Bwins Cwill win Dhas won( )3. Xiao Wang_ English for thirteen years. So he can speak quite good English.A. had learned B. has learned C. will be learning D. learns( )4. The film_for half an hour. A. has

40、 begun B. has been begun C. has been on D. began( )5. You dont have to describe her. I_her several times. A. had met B. have met C. meet D. met( )6. Miss Yang is not at home. She_to the school library. A. went B. has been C. goes D. has gone( )7. He has never visited the Great Hall of the People._? A. hasnt he B. has he C. does he D. doesnt he学科网（北京）股份有限公司