浙江省宁波市九校2022-2023学年高二上学期期末联考英语Word版含解析.docx

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1、宁波市2022年高二第一学期期末九校联考英语试题本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第n卷（非选择题）。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 注意事项：1 .答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2 .选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。 第I卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节：（共5小题;每小题L 5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话

2、仅读一遍。1. What time was the woman supposed to arrive?A. At 9: 15 B. At 9: 30. C. At 9: 45.2. What is Rachel going to do this Wednesday?A. Go to a wedding. B. Have a birthday party. C. Go to a graduation party.3. What is the man?A. A poet. B. A teacher. C. A reporter.4. What match is the man watching n

3、ow?A. Diving. B. Swimming. C. Table tennis.5. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. At a hotel. B. In a restaurant. C. At the airport.第二节：（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各 小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6

4、. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. Buying some furniture.B. Making use of space.C. Preparing for a party.敏。如果你没有接种疫苗，我们就不太确定了。）可知，这是用了假设的方式；由But anyone who9s had a potential exposure to someone with COVID should be monitored closely.v（但任何与新冠患者有潜在接触 的人都应该密切监测。）可知，这是用了推理的方式；所以最后一段是以假设和推理的

5、方式展开的。故选Bo11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段首句u A stuffy nose is usually nothing to worry about,（鼻塞通常没什么好担心 的）和第二段 Actually, COVID-19 might cause a stuffy nose in some cases（事实上，新冠病毒在某些情 况下可能会导致鼻塞）并结合全文可知，本文主要讲述的是新冠病毒引起的鼻塞和相关症状，以及与其 它原因引起的鼻塞之间的区分；本文的关键词就是“stuffynose”和“C0VID-19。故选C。DA new study combining linguistic,

6、genetic and archaeological evidence has traced the origins of the family of languages including modern Japanese, Korean, Turkish and Mongolian and the people who speak them to millet （粟）farmers who inhabited a region in northeastern China about 9,000 years ago.The findings detailed on Wednesday docu

7、ment a shared genetic ancestry for the hundreds of millions of people who speak what the researchers call Transeurasian languages across an area stretching more than 8,000 kilometers.The findings illustrate how humankinds embrace of agriculture following the Ice Age powered the movements of some of

8、the worlds major language families. Millet was an important early crop as huntergatherers transitioned to an agricultural lifestyle.There are 98 Transeurasian languages. This language familys beginnings were traced to millet farmers in the Liao River valley, an area including parts of the Chinese pr

9、ovinces of Liaoning and Jilin and the region of Inner Mongolia. As these farmers moved across northeastern Asia, the descendant languages spread north and west into Siberia and east into Korea and over the sea to Japan over thousands of years.The research stressed the complex beginnings for modern p

10、opulations and cultures.Accepting that the roots of ones language, culture or people lie beyond the present national boundaries is a kind of surrender of identity, which some people are not yet prepared to make J said comparative linguist Martine Robbeets, lead author of the study published in the j

11、ournal Nature.Powerful nations such as Japan, Korea and China are often pictured as representing one language, one culture and one genetic profile. But a truth is that all languages, cultures and humans, including those in Asia, are mixed J Robbeets added.The origins of modem Chinese languages arose

12、 independently, though in a similar fashion, with millet also involved. While the ancestors of the Transeurasian languages grew millet in the Liao River valley, the originators of the Sino-Tibetan language family farmed millet at roughly the same time in Chinas Yellow River region, paving the way fo

13、r a separate language expansion.12. What is the new study mainly about?A. The migration routes of millet farmers.B. The ancient origins of a large language family.C. The different ancestries of Transeurasian speakers.D. The shared features of some neighboring languages.13. What fueled the spread of

14、Transeurasian languages?A. The transition of power.B. The diversity of lifestyles.C. The interaction of cultures.D. The adoption of farming.14. According to Robbeets, who may feel uncomfortable about the new findings?A. Those from agricultural countries.B. Those who deny their cultural identity.C. T

15、hose with a strong sense of nationalism.D. Those who are afraid to cross boundaries.15. What is the main function of the last paragraph?A. To draw a conclusion.B. To present likely consequences.C. To highlight the theme.D. To offer additional information.【答案】12.B13. D 14. C 15. D【解析】【分析】本篇是说明文，主要讲了发

16、表在自然期刊上的一项最新研究发现，包括日语，韩语，土耳 其语和蒙古语在内的泛欧亚语系起源于9000年前的中国东北。农业的发展推动了语言的传播。【12题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段 u A new study combining linguistic, genetic and archaeological evidence has traced the origins of the family of languages including modern Japanese, Korean, Turkish and Mongolian and the people who speak them to

17、 millet （粟）farmers who inhabited a region in northeastern China about 9,000 years ago” （ 项结合语言学、遗传学和考古学证据的新研究追溯了现代日语、韩语、土耳其语和蒙古语等语言家族的 起源，以及与居住在中国东北地区约9000年前的黍农民说这些语言的人）可知，第一段主要讲了一支 大语族的古代起源。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。由第三自然段第一句话 “The findings illustrate how humankind 9s embrace of agriculture following the Ic

18、e Age powered the movements of some of the worlds major language families. ” （研究结果说 明了人类在冰河时代之后对农业的接受如何推动了世界上一些主要语系的运动。）可知，是农业推动了世 界主要语系的发展。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。由第六段 u Accepting that the roots of ones language, culture or people lie beyond the present national boundaries is a kind of surrender of identi

19、ty, which some people are not yet prepared to make, （接受 一个人的语言、文化或民族的根源超出目前的国界是一种身份的放弃，有些人还没有准备好）可知，他 认为承认自己的语言，文化或祖先来自境外，是一种身份的屈服，有些人接受不了。在四个选项中强烈 的民族主义者比较符合这个群体画像。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段 “The origins of modem Chinese languages arose independently, though in a similar fashion,（现代汉语的起源以类似的方式独立出现）可知，最

20、后一段主要讲了现代汉语的起源，从最后 一段可知汉藏语系和泛欧亚语系是独立的。而前文主要探讨的是泛欧亚语系，所以这里是补充额外信 息。故选D。第二节：（共5小题海小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice. 16 Psychologi

21、sts call this way of thinking a cognitive bias （偏见）,a tendency toward a specific mental mistake.To study jumping”, we examined decision-making patterns among more than 600 people from the general population. We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful

22、analysis. 17 In a quiz about US civics, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants did一even when their answers were wrong.So what is behind cjumping,?PsychologicaI researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic

23、system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and nonjumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts. 18It is the controlled system that helps people counter balance mental

24、biases introduced by the automatic system. As a result jumpers were more likely to accept the conclusions made at first blush without further questioning. A lack of controlled thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning.19 A method called metacognitive t

25、raining can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are confronted with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to chip away at participants9 overconfi

26、dence.In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our gut is a frequent and important one. 20 Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.A. Happily, there may be some hope for jumpers.B. Also, jum

27、pers had problems with overconfidence.C. But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions.D. It is certainly possible for them to overthink things to take a decision.E. We plan to continue the work to trace other problems introduced by jumping.F. The jumpers, however, did not engage

28、 in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers.G. Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake.【答案】16.C17. B 18. F 19. A 20. G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出相较于按照直觉行事，深思熟虑对我们更有帮助。但一种叫元认知 训练的方法可以帮助那些急于得出结论的人。【16题详解】不艮据上文 “How much time do

29、you spend doing research before you make a decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice.（你在做决定之前花了多少时间做研究？有些人在做 出选择之前会仔细考虑每一个细节）”结合下文提到了 jumper “急于得出结论的人”可知，呼应上文仔 细考虑每一个细节的人，空处应提出另一种人急于得出结论的人。C项“但相当一部分人很快就会 得出结论”符合题意，与上文内容形成对比。故选C。【17题详解】根据上文 “We found that

30、 jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis.（我们发现，在需要深思熟虑分析的问题上，急于得出结论的人比仔细思考的人犯的错误更 多）”和下文 “In a quiz about US civics, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants did-even when their answers were

31、wrong.（在次关于美国公民的 测验中，他们大大高估了自己答案正确的几率即使他们的答案是错误的）”推知，急于得出结论的 人不仅容易犯错，而且过于自信，即使在答案是错误的情况下还高估答案正确的几率。B项“此外，急 于得出结论的人也有过度自信的问题”符合题意，呈上启下。故选B。【18题详解】空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文 u automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort, and controlled system including c

32、onscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and nonjumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts.（自动系统，反映容易、自发且无需努力就能进入 大脑的想法，以及控制系统，包括有意识和轻松的推理。急于得出结论的人和仔细思考者同样受到自动 思维的影响）”可知，两类人都受到自动思维的影响。但因为是两种不同的人，因此他们在受影响的程 度，或思维模式方面可能有所不同。F项“然而，急于得出结论的人并没有像仔细思考者那样进行控制推 理”符合题意，承接上文，指出了他们的不同之处。故选F。【19题详解】空处

33、位于段首，应开启下文。根据下文 “A method called metacognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are confronted with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand.

34、It helps to chip away at participants? overconfidence.（一种叫做元认知训练的方法可以用来针对他们的偏见，这可以帮助 人们更慎重地思考。在这个培训中，参与者要面对自己的偏见。他们可以学习到错误的地方和思考问题 的其他方法。它有助于消除参与者的过度自信）”可知，有方法帮助急于得出结论的人克服他们的问 题，消除过度自信。A项“幸运的是，急于得出结论者可能还有一些希望”符合题意。故选A。【20题详解】根据上文 “In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things thro

35、ugh or instead go with our gut is a frequent and important one.（在日常生活中，我们是应该深思熟虑，还是按照直觉行事，这是一个常见而 重要的问题）”和下文 Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.（有时候，我们做出的最重要决定可能要做出选择之前多花些时间）”可知，相较 于按照直觉行事，深思熟虑对我们更有帮助。G项“最近的研究表明，即使只收集了一点更多的证据， 也可以帮助我们避免

36、重大错误”符合题意。故选G。第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节：完形填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。After graduation, I decided to take the gym seriously. Accompanied by a friend, I 21 a routine of walking on the treadmill （跑步机）. I was 22 with our routine in the gym. My friend, howe

37、ver, became bored.One day, he suggested that we 23 an outdoor sport. I was an uncoordinated （动作不协调的）person, so I 24 his idea.But several weeks later, he managed to 25 me to step onto an outdoor racquetball （美式壁球）court. When I hit the ball, I sent it flying in every direction except the direction tha

38、t I had 26, Still, somehow, Itried hard to learn it and became 27 after constantly practicing.“Were not getting enough 28 on the treadmill. Why not play tennis to build up our body?” suggested my friend.“Tennis? I cant play tennis! That 29 real skills!” I firmly resisted his new 30Nevertheless, week

39、s later, I started playing tennis. After several months of painful practice, one day, as the ball came flying towards me, my racket and the ball met in what tennis players 31 as the sweet spot”. I had 32 learned how to play tennis properly!I learned an extremely valuable 33 from these experiences: I

40、 can do whatever I set my mind on. I just need to put in efforts, and the results will 34 And I become quite 35 about trying new things and Im always filled with a sense of excitement.21 A. beganB.changedC. quitD. delayed22. A. disappointedB. familiarC. contentD. careful23. A. show offB. take upC. k

41、eep offD. finish with24. A. opposedB. supportedC. highlightedD. understood25. A. remindB. allowC. expectD. persuade26. A. imaginedB. intendedC. agreedD. found27. A. considerateB. cautiousC. skepticalD. skillful28. A. exerciseB. entertainmentC. movementD. experience29. A. assessesB. preservesC. impro

42、vesD. involves30. A. methodB. chanceC. attemptD. assistance31. A. refer toB. think ofC. make upD. set down32. A. occasionallyB. formallyC. eventuallyD. frequently33. A. conceptB. lessonC. theoryD. criterion34. A. respondB. remainC. followD. help35. A. hesitantB. enthusiasticC. particularD. flexible【

43、答案】2LA22. C23. B 24. A25. D 26. B 27. D28. A 29. D 30. C 31.A 32. C 33. B34. C 35. B不适合运动，但通过自己不断【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者原本认为自己身体不协调, 坚持和尝试，慢慢爱上并熟练。作者通过这些经历中学到了极其宝贵的一课：作者可以做任何他下定决 心做的事。只需要付出努力，结果就会随之而来。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一位朋友的陪同下，我开始了在跑步机上行走的例行活动。A. began开始;B. changed 更改；C. quit 放弃;D. delayed 延迟。由前文 “I

44、 decided to take the gym seriously ” 可知，这里 作者“开始”从跑步开始锻炼。故选A项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对我们在健身房的日常生活感到满意。A. disappointed感到失望的；B. familiar 熟悉的；C. content 满意的；D. careful 仔细的。由后文“My friend, however, became bored. 可 知，however这里表转折，说明作者对自己的健身很“满意”。故选C项。【23题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：一天，他建议我们做一项户外运动。A.showoff炫耀；B.takeup占据

45、，开始 从事；C.keepoff 远离；D. finish with 以结束。由后文 step onto an outdoor racquetball court,可知，这 里应是建议作者“从事” 一项户外运动。故选B项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我是一个不协调的人，所以我反对他的想法。A. opposed反对；B. supported 支持；C. highlighted 突出;D. understood 理解。由前文I was an uncoordinated personv可知,作者认为 自己不协调，所以应该是“反对”这建议了。故选A项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但

46、几周后，他设法说服我踏上户外壁球场。A. remind提醒；B. allow允许；C. expect预期；D. persuade劝说，说服。由前文14his idea.”以及这里But表转折可知,最后作者朋友还是“说服”他了。故选D项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我击球时，我把球往各个方向飞去，除了我想要的方向。A. imagined想 象；B. intended 打算，预想；C. agreed 同意；D. found 发现。由前文“I was an uncoordinated person可知，球并没有按作者“预想”方向飞去。故选B项。 【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽

47、管如此，不知怎的，我还是努力学习，在不断练习之后变得熟练。A. considerate 体贴的；B. cautious 谨慎的；C. skeptical 怀疑的；D. skillful 熟练的。由前文“I tried hard to learn it可知，经过作者努力后，最终变得“熟练” 了。故选D项。28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在跑步机上没有得到足够的锻炼。A. exercise练习，锻炼；B.entertainment 娱乐；C. movement 移动；D. experience 经验。由后文 “Why not play tennis to build up our body

48、”可知，作者朋友觉得跑步机“锻炼”量不够，所以建议打网球。故选A项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：网球？我不会打网球！那需要真正的技巧! A. assesses评估；B.preserves保 存；C. improves 改善；D. involves 需要。由后文 “my racket and the ball met in what tennis players 11 as thesweet spot”可知,打网球需要技巧。故选D项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我坚决抵制他的新尝试。A. method方法；B.chance机会；C.attempt尝试； D. assistance帮助。由前文“suggested my friend”可知，作者这里抵抗朋友“尝试”打网球的建议。故选 C项。【31题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：经过几个月的痛苦练习后，有一天，当球向我飞来时，我的球拍和球在网球 运动员称之为“最佳位置”的地方相遇了。A.referto参考，