非谓语 讲义 高三英语一轮复习.docx

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1、第一讲 为什么会有非谓语动词找出句子中的谓语1. He often reads English in the morning.2. The little girl cried even harder.3. It is getting warmer and warmer.4. You should keep the room clean and tidy.英语简单句的基本结构：主+谓；简单句：表达一个完整的意思+只能有一个谓语动词哪在一个句子里如果想表达多个动作该怎么办呢？1. 他病了一星期，在那一星期里他什么也没吃。He was ill for a week and during that w

2、eek he ate nothing.2. 斯蒂芬认知了他的错误，于是马上道歉。Stehpen realized his mistake and he apologized at once.3. 制止那孩子，要不他会掉下去。Stop the child or he will fall over.4. 很多游客来到这里，但很少有人过夜。Many tourists come here but few stay overnight.方法：连词除了连词外，我们还可以用什么方法呢？1. 我想要的是两本书。What I want are two books.2. 我不知道他昨天做了什么。I dont kn

3、ow what he did yesterday.3. 我们怀疑他今天下午是否能来这儿。We doubt whether he can come here this afternoon.4. 我一拿起电话就听出他的声音。I recognized his voice the moment I picked up the telephone.方法：主从复合句谓语动词特点：1. 位于_主语_之后；2. 必须是_动词_;3. 谓语要有_时态、语态（主动/被动）、数I have something important to tell you.It rained heavily, causing seve

4、re flooding in that place.We were surprised to see such great changes in that village.He had the light burning all night which made his parents very angry.Ordered over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.将动词转变成一些特定的形式，在句子当中不作谓语，而是充当主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语等成分，这些特定的形式就叫非谓语动词。doingThe man

5、speaking to us has gone to New York.Reading books is my hobby.to doHer job is to clean the hall.Listening to the radio helps him learn a lot.doneI heard my name called by someone.The bridge built last year is the third bridge across the river.非谓语形式：Doing(现在分词、动名词）；to do；done判断以下划线部分是否是谓语。1. Its nice

6、 of you to help me with my maths.（动词不定式）2. Im glad to meet you.（动词不定式）3. Cleaning the windows is your duty.（动名词）4. The books referred to in his report were popular with teenagers.（过去分词）Tell Mary that theres someone waiting for her at the door.（现在分词）第二讲 doing的用法（1）Doing用作动名词I hope you dont mind my sa

7、ying it.动名词的动词特征是可以有宾语和状语 Traveling abroad can be very exciting.动名词的名词特征是可以作主语、宾语等=动名词同时具有动词的特征和名词的特征。动名词的功能动名词在句中不作谓语，但是可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和主语补足语等。动名词的形式主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done动名词作主语Seeing is believing.Saving is having.动名词作主语，指的是一种泛指习惯性的抽象的！其逻辑主语泛指人们。It is no use/n

8、o good crying.It is great fun sailing a boat.It is useless speaking.Its so nice sitting here with you.It 作形式主语，动名词为真正的主语置于句末。There is no smoking here.There is no denying the authority of the government.练习1(2018北京，3）Travelling_(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienc

9、e.动名词作表语和定语What he likes is playing chess after supper.(表语）Thats asking too much.（表语）This is not playing the game.（表语）They set up an operating table in a small temple.（定语）He may be in the reading room, for all I know.（定语）动名词作定语表事物的性质和用途，和所修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系。练习1. His new idea was_to make/making_(make) t

10、he shell shapes on the roof into the shape of a ball.动名词强调泛指，抽象，习惯性；不定式强调具体，一次性或将来动名词作宾语Have you finished reading the book?Fancy doing that!I hate smoking.熟记加动名词作宾语的动词:acknowledge, admit, advocate, appreciate, avoid,Consider, contemplate,defer,delay,deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, finish, imagi

11、ne, include, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practice, recall, resent, resist, risk, stop, suggest等。练习1. Its quite hot today. Do you feel like_going_(go) for a swim?动名词复合结构Its no use your trying to deceive me.Youll see that my ordering you around hasnt been so bad for you.I cant bear his staying up so l

12、ate.Excuse my interrupting you.She insisted on their both accepting the invitation.名词属格或物主代词后加名词，即构成动名词复合结构。其中名词属格或物主代词是动名词的逻辑主语。有时也可以用名词或代词作逻辑主语My daughter staying up so late worried me.I hate people being unhappy.It ended in the doctor being sent for.Im so afraid of you being angry.名词化的动名词有的动名词只有名

13、词的特征而没有动词的特征，我们称之为名词化的动名词。Whats the price of the painting?He made a living as a teacher before liberation.He keeps his savings in the bank. 固定搭配名词+介词+动名词结构Advice on doing; delay in doing ;difficulty in doingExcuse for doing; experience in doing; fancy for doingInterest in doing; genius for doing; ha

14、bit of doingNo harm in doing; idea of doing; method of doingMotive for doing; passion for doing; plan for doingPossibility of doing; surprise at doing; skill in doingApology for doing; hope of doing; success in doing形容词+介词+动名词结构Adapt at(in) doing; aware of doing; busy in doingCapable of doing, confi

15、dent of doing; angry about doingEqual to doing; exact in doing;fond of doingGuilty of doing; hopeful of doing; awkward at doingFearful of doing; keen on doing; tired of doingSick of doing; responsible for doing; suitable for doingUnconscious of doing; right in doing; wrong in doing练习1. Do you rememb

16、er_seeing_（see）the policeman before?2. Whats made Tommy so upset? I believe_losing_(lose) the game. It shocked him so much.3. The girls(being) educated in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.第三讲 doing的用法（2）现在分词Going downtown I met a friend.Do you know that man carrying a l

17、arge umbrella?现在分词具有动词特征，可以有宾语和状语He is a modest, understanding man.现在分词具有形容词特征，可以用作定语现在分词具有动词和形容词特征。现在分词的功能现在分词在句中不作谓语、主语或宾语，可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语等，其逻辑主语一般可在句子中找到。现在分词的形式主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done现在分词作表语The news is encouraging.The story is very interesting.现在分词作表语时已接近于形容词，有比较

18、级，可以被very等副词修饰。练习1. It was_amazing_(amaze) that our class won second place. Our efforts paid off!对比：This is not playing the game.其它情况Attending the evening party were 700 students from 15 Beijing universities and colleges.Leading to the park is a very delightful road.Covering much of the earths surfa

19、ce is a blanket of water.Lying on the couch is an old lady.作表语的现在分词还可以置于句首，形成倒装结构。现在分词作定语She is a charming child.He is an attacking player.This is a pressing question.He asked an embarrassing question.现在分词可置于名词代词前作前置定语。There were no soldiers drilling.This is Mr. Smith speaking.Oh, its the cake burni

20、ng.有时也可后置，相当于定语从句。（主动关系，正在进行）现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系；动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质状态，二者在逻辑上无主谓关系。A sleeping child 现在分词，=a child who is sleepingA sleeping car 动名词，=a car which is used for sleepingA swimming pool 动名词A swimming boy 现在分词作定语的现在分词有两种，一种是形容词性质，可被very修饰，而且有比较级；另一种则仍然有动词性质，不能被very修饰，无比较级。形容词性：Alarming; amus

21、ing; astonishing; charming; daring; demanding; encouraging; confusing; disappointing; discouraging; exciting; grasping; interesting; inviting; misleading;pleasing;Promising; refreshing; revealing; shocking; striking; surprising.动词性：A knowing smile; developing countries; working people; running water

22、; welcoming speeches; a barking dog; a changing world; a rolling stone; the neighboring countries; the standing committee1. Today there are more airplanes_carrying_(carry) more people than ever before in the skies.现在分词作状语（#）Walking down the street, I ran into Sue.Climbing to the top of the tower, we

23、 saw significant view.Being sick I stayed at home.Seeing that it was raining, George put on his mackintosh.-I could go and get someone to bring the car.-No, thanks. Ill be better off walking.Knowing all this, they still made me pay for the damage.Finally we appealed to a famous doctor knowing it was

24、 very improper to ask him to work on a dog.It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.She came into the house carrying a bundle of clothes.He stood leaning against the wall.练习The hospital has recently obtained new medi

25、cal equipment,_allowing_(allow) more patients to be treated.现在分词的完成式Not having received a reply, I decided to write again.Having heard of the man several times before his arrival, I felt quite sure about his character.比较：Not knowing his phone number, I cant get in touch with him.固定搭配Generally speaki

26、ng; Judging from; Talking of; Allowing for练习1. With his son_disappointing_(disappoint), the old man felt unhappy.2. “We cant go out in this weather, said Bob,_looking_(look) out of the window.3. The old man, have(having) worked abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.第四讲 done的用

27、法（1）过去分词doneI saw the ball thrown into the garden.过去分词具有动词特征，带有被动与完成含义She is very worried.过去分词具有形容词特征，表示自身的主管的感受过去分词的功能过去分词在句中不作谓语，主语和宾语。它相当于形容词和副词，作表语、定语、状语和补足语，其逻辑主语一般可在句中找到。过去分词作表语Never touch an electric wire when it is broken.Hes gone.Thats where you are mistaken.注意：过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别This novel is

28、well written. 表性质状态This novel was written in 1987. 表动作Gone are the days when they could do whatever thy liked.练习1. The cart got_stuck_(stick) in the mud, but the farmer made no effort to get it out.过去分词作定语The child gave a cry and with outstretched arms ran forward.Did you pay a visit to the tomb of

29、the unknown soldier?Her job was to take care of the wounded soldier.My friend is a returned student.过去分词作定语，常常与所修饰词构成被动与完成的含义She looked at James with an astonished look.I could tell she was so happy from her excited voice.At this he burst into loud, surprised laughter.The boy looked up with a please

30、d expression.转移形容词练习1. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time_spent_(spend) with his students.过去分词作定语 （固定搭配）A decided step 决定性的步骤A determined effort 坚定的努力A troubled place 是非之地Guarded optimism 审慎的乐观A devoted friend 一个忠实的朋友A convinced socialist 坚定不移的社会主义者A practiced man 技艺熟练地人His threa

31、tened foe对他有威胁的人过去分词作状语Heated，the metal expands.Asked why he came to San Francisco, he just smiled.The couple took good care of the baby while occupied by their work.Born and bred in the countryside, he was bewildered by the big city.Seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people general

32、ly suppose.Given better attention, the cabbages would grow even faster.Mocked at by everybody, he had my sympathy.Although exhausted by the climb, he continued his journey.练习1. Ordinary soap,_(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.过去分词作补语You must make yourself respected.He could hardly

33、make himself understood with his broken English.I dont want my name linked with him.用作宾语补足语时，其前的谓语动词多是感官动词和使役动词练习1. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother_taken_(take) good care of at home.名词化的过去分词She said that she was afraid of the unknown.He was a

34、n outcast.Let bygones be bygones.名词化的过去分词。1. Did you see the film_(show) last week?2. _Left_(leave)alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.3. With all the magazines I needed buying(x), I left the post office.第五讲done的用法（2）过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别单个的分词作定语时一般前置（位于被修饰的词之前），分词短语作定语时后置。D

35、o you know the crying boy?We are trying our best to catch up with the developed country.Do you know the boy crying under the tree?The students are discussing a book written by LuXun1. The meeting held last week is very important.2. Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise.现在分词作定语表示动

36、作正在发生或与谓语动作同时（或基本同时）发生，与所修饰的词时主动关系或主谓关系及物动词的过去分词作定语表完成或被动的动作，与所修饰的词是被动关系或动宾关系；不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表完成不表被动的动作。A retired worker 退休工人A fallen tree 一颗倒下的树练习1 There is a note pinned to the door_when the shop will open again.A. Saying B. says C. said D. having said3. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended througho

37、ut her school days by a nurse_to guard her.A. to appoint B. appointing C. appointed D. having appointed过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别现在分词与过去分词作表语都相当于形容词。现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征点或属性；过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。现在分词表示“令人.的”，过去分词表示“感到.”常见的分词有：Amazed/amazing; excited/excitingBored/boring; annoyed/annoyingInterested/interesting, tired/tiri

38、ngSurprised/surprising, worried/worryingSatisfied/satisfying; amused/amusing练习1. The news was_exciting_(excite)2. He appeared_satisfied_with my answer.(satisfy)3. From his_satisfied_voice on the phone I know everything is going under way(satisfy)过去分词与现在分词作宾补得区别取决于分词与宾语的关系：主动关系，用doing被动关系，用done1. I f

39、ound them painting the windows.2. I found the windows painted.练习1. The manager was satisfied to see many new products_after great effort.A. Having developed B. to develop C. developed D.develop2. I looked up and noticed a snake_its wat up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to wind B. wind C. winding

40、 D.wound过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别Seen from the moon, the earth looks like a blue ball.Seeing nobody at home, he left.分词的选取：取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主动关系，用doing；被动关系，用done1. Anyone, once_positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive medical treatment from our government.A. To be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test2.

41、_ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.A. Base B. Based C.Basing D. To base3. _the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed现在分词的一般式与完成式一般式：doing 表示非谓

42、语动作与谓语动作几乎同生发生完成式：having done 表示非谓语动作与谓语动作有着先后顺序练习_ nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel.A. Having spent B.To spent C.Spent D. To have spentWatching television,_.A. The doorbell rangB. The doorbell ringsC. We heard the doorbell ringD. We heard the doorbell rings分词做状语的基本原则：分词做状语

43、时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。当非谓语动作的主语不是句子的主语时，必须加上其自己的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。练习The lecture_, a lively question-and-answer session followed.A. Being given B. having given C.to be given D.having been given第六讲to do(1）不定式有两种形式：一是带to的不定式，一是不带to的不定式。后者即通常所谓的动词原形。不定式在句中不能单独用作谓语，但可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等。主动语态被动语

44、态一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done不定式作主语To master a second language is important for us.To hold a party tonight makes me happy.To clean the classroom is her duty.Cleaning the classroom is her duty.Holding a party is my hobby.不定式作主语，表示具体或将要。动名词作主语，表经常性或泛指。It takes ten p

45、eople to encircle the big tree.How long did it take you to finish the work.it作形式主语，to do 为真正主语置于句尾。不定式作表语They are to marry next week.You are to die at ninety-eight.The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required.不定式作表语，表示将要，一次性。动名词作表语，表一般性，泛指。两者都相当于名词作表语。不定式作宾语She likes to play

46、with the child.He seemed to know the way.My wife also asks to join her greeting and thanks.一些形容词后可接不定式作宾语，这样的形容词多是表思想感情的I am very glad to see you.We are sorry to leave.He was lucky to pass the exam.练习But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants_(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.不定式作定语The question will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Beijing.The next train to arrive was from New York.It was a