宾语从句讲解（教育精品）.ppt

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1、语法专项复习Object Clause -宾语宾语从句从句一、宾语从句的概念一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。宾语。I like my teacher.（名词作宾语（名词作宾语)I know him.（代词作宾语）（代词作宾语）I know Mr Li teaches English.(句子作句子作宾语）宾语）包含宾语从句的句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句二、宾语从句三要素二、宾语从句三要素关关 联联 词词时时 态态语语 序序（一（一）关联词）关联词1.that（陈述句）（陈述句）2.whether/if

2、（一般疑问句）（一般疑问句）3.连接代词（特殊疑问句）连接代词（特殊疑问句）who whom whose what which4.连接副词连接副词when why where how。（特殊（特殊疑问句）疑问句）注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g.1.I hear(that)_.2.He said(that)_.he will be back in an hour he missed us very much He will be back in an hour.He missed us very much.由从属连词由从属连词whether,if

3、引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Ask him _.2.I dont know _.whether(if)he can come whether it is going to rain or not当句末为当句末为or not时，引导词只能用时，引导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.Can he come?Is it going to rain?If 与whether 的区别1.I dont know _ he will come or not.2.I dont care of _ he is handsome.3.He wondered _ to stay here the

4、 next week.4._ he will come is not decided.与与or not 连用只能用连用只能用whether介词后只能用介词后只能用whether与与to do 不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用作主语只能用whether由连接代词由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接及连接副词副词 when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句when well have a meetingwho could answer the question1.He asked _.2.Do you know_.3.

5、Please tell me _.whom they are waiting forWho could answer the question?When will we have a meeting?Whom are they waiting for?由连接代词由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接及连接副词副词 when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句where he ishow I can get to the stationwhy the train is late4.Can you tell me _.5.Could you tel

6、l me _.6.Would you tell me _.Where is he?How can I get to the station?Why is the train late?（二）语序：陈述句语序（二）语序：陈述句语序 即：陈述句结构（即：陈述句结构（主主+谓谓+其他成分）其他成分）将下列句子换成陈述句语序 1.Is there a bank near here?2.Are they doing homework?v（三）三）时态时态(时态一致性）时态一致性）v1.如果主句的时态是如果主句的时态是一般现在时一般现在时，宾语从，宾语从 句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是句的时态根据具体

7、情况来确定，可以是_时态时态。I dont think(that)you are right.Please tell us where well go fishing tomorrow.Do you know when Mr.Smith moved here?任任 何何You You areare right.right.Where Where willwill we we gogo fishing tomorrow?fishing tomorrow?When When diddid Mr.SmithMr.Smith movemove here?here?v2.如果主句的时态是如果主句的时态是

8、一般过去时一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相，宾语从句只能用相应的应的_时态时态（一般过去时，（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He told me that .He said that 过去过去I I am doingam doing my homework.my homework.I I will gowill go back to the U.S.soon.back to the U.S.soon.he he was doingwas doing my homework my homeworkhe he would gowou

9、ld go back to the U.S.soon.back to the U.S.soon.v3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理客观真理，即使，即使主句用了主句用了过去时过去时，从句仍用，从句仍用 _ 时态时态。例如：例如：The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.一般现在一般现在 三三、宾语从句与简单句的转换、宾语从句与简单句的转换（一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主（一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose

10、 等时，从句等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。可简化为不定式结构。eg:I hope that I can receive your e-mail.I hope to receive your e-mail(二）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓二）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是语动词是know,remember,forget,learnknow,remember,forget,learn 等时，从句等时，从句可简化为可简化为“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”结构。结构。egeg:(2)She doesnt know:(2)She doesnt know what sh

11、e should do nextwhat she should do next.She doesnt know_.She doesnt know_.(三）当主句的谓语动词是三）当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach ask,tell,show,teach 等时，等时，从句可简化为从句可简化为“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”结构。结构。egeg:(3)Will you please show me how I can work it:(3)Will you please show me how I can work it out?out?Will you please show

12、me _.Will you please show me _.what to do nextwhat to do nexthow to work it outhow to work it out(四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用ask/tell/order sb.(not)to do ask/tell/order sb.(not)to do sthsth 结构。结构。egeg:A:Please be quiet.:A:Please be quiet.B:What did Bill say?B:What did Bill say?A:He as

13、ked us A:He asked us to be quietto be quiet.四、否定转移四、否定转移 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称人称,谓语动词是谓语动词是thinkthink，believe,guess,supposebelieve,guess,suppose等等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。egeg:I dont think he will come with y

14、ou.:I dont think he will come with you.注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。egeg:(1):(1)I I dont believe he has finished the work,dont believe he has finished the work,_?_?(2)(2)SheShe knew why Jim wasnt at school,_?knew why Jim wasnt at school,_?解析：例解析：例1 1，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主，当主句的主语为第一人称时

15、，附加问句的主语由宾语从句的主语充当。语由宾语从句的主语充当。例例2 2，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语由主句的主语充当。由主句的主语充当。has hehas hedidnt shedidnt sheDo you know _?A.where does she live B.B.she lives whereC.where she lives D.where she live2.His parents wanted to know what he _at that time.A.is doing B.was doing C.has d

16、one D.will doCB巩固练习：巩固练习：4Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour,but could not find _?A.what Lily was B.what was LilyB.C.where Lily was D.where was LilyC.C3.We dont know _.-It is said that he was born in Canada.A.what he is B.when he was born B.C.where he comes from C.D.if he lives hereD.C5 Th

17、e girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A.took B.take B.C.takes D.will take 6 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A.travelled B.has travelled C.travels D.had travelled A AC Cv7.Could you please tell me _ he will come here tomorrow?v A.if B.weather C.what D.whichvA A8.Could you tell me

18、 _?A.when will they leave BeijingB.when would they leave BeijingC.when they will leave Beijing D.when did they leave Beijing C CII.改错：1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school._Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school.2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east._Father told me the su

19、n always rises in the east.3.He doesnt know that when she can come back._He doesnt know when she can come back.1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3.Tom says that they _(play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.4.I hear he _(return)it already

20、.5.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)6.He asked what they _ at eight last night.(do)7.The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.(travel)8.I think you _ about the relay race now.(talk)9.I didnt know whom the letters _ from.(be)will be goes were playing has return

21、ed had been travels are talking were were doing10.I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write)11.Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move)round the earth.12.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)13.Ling Feng told me he _ to several times.(be)14.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ i

22、n the east.(rise)15.Can you tell me what they _ yesterday?(do)wrote moves has taken has been risesdid将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句:1.Where do they stop on the way?I asked.2.What will you say at the meeting?Could you tell me?3.Do they like to make friends with us?He asked.4.“I am doing my homework.”He said.5.

23、“I will come back.”Tom said.I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will sayat the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them.He said that he was doing his homework.Tom said that he would come back.6.“Is he doing his homework?”Jim asked.7.“When will he come bac

24、k?”Tom asked.8.“How can I get to the station?”Could you tell me?9.“Why is the train late?”Would you tell me?10.“Where is Tom?”They asked.Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was.Jim asked if he w

25、as doing his homework.宾宾 语语 从从 句句 小小 结结一一.结构结构1.当陈述句作宾语从句时当陈述句作宾语从句时,结构结构:主句主句+that+主语主语+谓语部分谓语部分2.当一般疑问句作宾语从句时当一般疑问句作宾语从句时,结构结构:主句主句+if(whether)+主语主语+谓语部分谓语部分3.当当 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,结构结构:主句主句+特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+主语主语+谓语部分谓语部分二主从时态关系二主从时态关系 主句主句 从句从句一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 3.(特殊特殊):任何时态任何时态 (客观、自然现象客观、自然现象)三三.语序：陈述语序语序：陈述语序时态不变时态不变时态相应变化时态相应变化 一般现在时一般现在时