外教社新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列（修订版）：综合教程（第3版） 第1册 Unit 3Dealing with AIDS - Lecture Notes.pdf

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1、Unit ThreeText I Dealing With AIDSSection One Pre-reading ActivitiesI.Lead-inDo the quiz given below to test your knowledge on AIDS.Write T for true statements and Ffor false statements.1.HIV is the virus that causes AIDS,and anyone,not just homosexuals,could be at risk.TAIDS is caused by a virus ca

2、lled HIV,the Human Immunodeficiency Virus.It remains a threatto people of all ages and nationalities,though the first AIDS patients in America and Europewere almost exclusively male homosexuals.2.People can prevent HIV and AIDS by getting a vaccine（疫 苗）.FThere is no HIV vaccine.HIV is a very small v

3、irus,which can generate minor variations thatcan evade the bodys immunologic defenses,which makes it difficult to produce an effectivevaccine.The mutations also allow HIV to become resistant to medications.3.HIV is difficult to detect immediately after it is passed to someone.TThe virus will multipl

4、y in the body fbr a few weeks or even months before the immunesystem responds.During this initial period a person wont test positive fbr HIV.As it responds,the immune system starts to make antibodies.When this happens,one will test positive forHIV.The period between the original infection and the ap

5、pearance of detectable antibodies inthe virus,is normally a period of about 14-21 days,or may be up to three months.4.HIV is passed on in body fluids（blood or semen）from an infected person.TOne can only obtain HIV if he/she gets infected blood or sexual fluids inside the body.Thiscan happen through

6、an open sore or wound,during sexual activity,or by sharing a needle withsomeone who is infected.HIV can also be spread from a mother to a child during pregnancyor delivery.5.The virus can be spread by casual contact with people who are HIV-infected,such ashandshaking or drinking from the same cup.FT

7、he AIDS virus cannot be spread by casual physical contact like handshaking.The virus hasbeen found in saliva（唾 液）,but it exists there in such low concentrations that transmission isextremely rare.Medical research also shows that saliva contains chemicals that can help killHIV in the mouth.Therefore,

8、one cannot be infected by drinking from the same cup as usedby someone with HIV.6.Cats,dogs,and other domestic animals are not a source of infection,but transmission byinsects,such as mosquitoes,is a means by which the virus can be acquired.FSo far there are no known cases of AIDS transmission by in

9、sects such as mosquitoes or bydomestic animals.ILCultural information1.QuoteBan Ki-Moon:Speaking at the Light for Rights1 on World AIDS Day held at the Washington Square ParkMemorial Arch in New York,he said:We are here tonight to denounce the discrimination they(people living with HIV/AIDS)face-the

10、 fear and stigma,the shame and rejection,the threat oflosing their jobs.For too long and in too many places,too many people have been pushedbeyond the reach of prevention and treatment,care and support.We must respond by shining thefull light of human rights on the challenge.I call on all countries

11、to dismantle legal frameworksthat institutionalize discrimination against people living with HIV and people are at most risk ofinfection.2 AIDS:Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeAIDS,or the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome has been one of the most threateningdiseases of the 20th century.Accordin

12、g to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,AIDS begins when a personwith HIV infection has CD4 cell court below 200.(CD4 is also called T-cell”,a type of immunecell.)It is also defined by numerous opportunistic infections and cancers that occur in the presenceof HIV infection.It was first r

13、ecognized as a disease in 1981.The virus was isolated in 1983 andwas ultimately named the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV).There are two forms of the HIVvirus,HIV-1 and HIV-2.The majority of cases worldwide are caused by HIV-1.In 1999 aninternational team of genetic scientists reported that HIV-1 c

14、an be traced to a closely related strainof virus,called simian immunodeficiency virus(SIV),that infects a subspecies of chimpanzee(Pan troglodytes)in central Africa.Chimpanzees are hunted for meat in this region,and it isbelieved the virus may have passed from the blood of chimpanzees into humans th

15、roughsuperficial wounds,probably in the early 1930s.People infected with HIV may have no symptomsfor ten years or longer,but they can still transmit the infection to others during this symptom-freeperiod.Meanwhile,if the infection is not detected and treated,the immune system graduallyweakens and AI

16、DS develops.Most individuals infected with HIV,if not treated,will developAIDS.There is a small group of patients who develop AIDS very slowly,or never at all.Thesepatients are called non-progressors and many seem to have a genetic difference which prevents thevirus from attaching to certain immune

17、receptors.World AIDS Day,observed on December 1stevery year,is dedicated to raising awareness of this disease.3.HomosexualsA term created by the 19lh century by theorists to describe a sexual and emotional interest inmembers of ones own sex.Today a person is often said to have a homosexual or a hete

18、rosexualorientation,a description intended to defuse some of the long-standing sentiment among manyWesterners that homosexuality is immoral or pathological.Homosexual practices are not affordedany special moral or psychological significance in many other cultures.Male and femalehomosexuals are now c

19、ommonly known as gays and lesbians respectively.The American SupremeCourt upheld state laws prohibiting homosexual conduct in 1986,and gay activists subsequentlyfocused their efforts on overturning it.By 2003,when the Supreme Court reversed its 1986decision,13 states still had such laws.In recent ye

20、ars,gays and lesbians have struggled to gainrights accorded to other Americans as well as public acceptance.III.Audiovisual supplementsWatch a video clip and answer the following questions.1.What is the librarian trying to do?2.Why does the man sitting in front of Andrew leave the desk?Answers to th

21、e Questions:1.He is trying to persuade Andrew into using the private research room.2.He thinks that Andrew carries the HIV and he is afraid of the disease.Video Script:Librarian:Sir,this is the supplement.You re right.There is a section on HIV-relateddiscrimination.Andrew:Thank you.Thank you very mu

22、ch.Librarian:We do have a private research room available.Andrew:Im fine right here.Thank you.Librarian:(sigh)Wouldntyou be more comfortable in the research room?Andrew:(cough)No.Would it make you more comfortable?Joe:Oh.Er.Beckett,how are you doing?Andrew:Counselor.huh.Librarian:Whatever,Sir.Figura

23、nt:Excuse me.Section Two Global ReadingI.Main idea1.What is the theme of the text?A:Dealing with AIDS strengthens the bond of friendship and encourages emotional andmature growth.2.What is the style of the text?Give your reasons.A:The style of the narrative is colloquial and simple because many simp

24、le words,colloquialexpressions and concise sentences are used,which are easy and smooth to read.Colloquial words:about,cried,go,let,so,sure,thingsSimple or colloquial phrases:blew it off,living life up,feel so bad,had the disease,stuck itout make it through,etc.II.Structural analysis1.How is this na

25、rrative story organized?A:The narrative is organized in the chronological order with the activities and events relatedin the true story.2.Work out the structure of the text by completing the table.Paragraph(s)Main idea1 This paragraph gives the instructive message of the story,and makes clearthe spe

26、cific date when AIDS became known to the writer.2-4 This part provides an account of how the writer came to know the fact thathis friend was suffering from AIDS,how he felt,what attitude he adopted,and how others responded to it.5-7 This part tells us that the writer maintained an active and positiv

27、e attitudetowards his friend.8 This paragraph mentions the specific date that marked the end of Davidslife,describes the writers feelings towards Davids death,and tells us howthe writer keeps his friends memory alive.Section Three Detailed ReadingDealing with AIDS11.Dealing with AIDS strengthens the

28、 bond of friendship,encourages emotional andmature growth.Before the sixteenth of October 1995,I was the most carefree person in theworld.I had no woiTies and was just living life up.I never thought that anything couldhappen to me or my friends.We were invincible.That is,until the word AIDS came int

29、o mylife.2.For 10 years David and I were the best of friends.Then we got to high school and thingsstarted to change.We were in different classes,so we didnt hang out as much.It bothered mebut I thought that we were both just growing up,and there were more friends where he camefrom.Then I began to no

30、tice that he wasnt in school a lot,and was sick more than usual.So Icalled him and he hung up on me.I didnt know what to do,so once again I blew it off.Thenone day I saw David in the mall and I confronted him as to why we were not friends anymore.He pulled me aside and broke down in tears and said t

31、hat he was dying.I didnt believehim.Sure,I had heard about AIDS,but that it was a homosexual disease2 and it didnt affectyoung people,so I said that it was a sick joke3 and left.3.When I got home things started to make sense.I ran to my room and cried.David wasonly 17;he couldnt die.Then I felt so b

32、ad that we had grown so far apart.I called David,asking him to come over so we could talk.When he came over I saw a seriousness in himthat I had never seen before.He looked so old,too old for his age.I asked how it happened.David had had unprotected sex once and now had to pay with his life.I was so

33、 angry.I havenever felt so powerless in my whole life.When things had gone wrong before this,I couldalways rely on my parents to make things better.There was nothing that they could do C histime.I had to handle it all on my own.4.David and I became very close again,and it seemed that I was the only

34、one there forhim.David made the decision to tell people about his disease.There was no use in hiding it;sooner or later people would 行 nd out.People looked at him as if he had a plague,and ourfriends from school wanted nothing to do with him.Soon after that they wanted nothing to dowith me.All of a

35、sudden I felt that I had the disease.I didnt know what to do.My whole lifewas changing so fast that I couldnt keep up.Once again I was growing up and realized thatour friendship meant everything to me.Also,I couldnt turn my back on him when he neededme the most.So I stuck it out and lost most of my

36、friends.The ones that still talked with medidnt come too close in fear that they would catch the disease.The thing was,I didnt evenhave AIDS,so why did my friends treat me like this?I was being treated this way becauseteenagers are not used to dealing with situations like this,and dont know how to r

37、eact.Sohow could I blame them since I would have done the same thing?5.As time went on,David became very ill.There was nothing that I could do but watchhim die.David found out that he had full-blown AIDS4.This to me meant death was sure tocome and all too quickly.I wasnt ready to let him die,not yet

38、 anyway.There were so manythings that I wanted to do and say,but couldnt find the words.I went to doctor after doctorwith him,and saw him go through so much.Everyone said that I must keep a positiveattitude for his sake,because attitude means everything.So,in times of stress I was the onethat had to

39、 keep things together.I pushed all my emotions aside and was strong for him.6.My mom had had a trip planned for the whole family for some time now,and stillwanted to go.She thought that the trip would do me good;she said that I was not the one thatwas dying.I couldnt believe that she said that to me

40、,but to make her happy I went.We weregone for about two weeks,and when I came back the first thing I did was go to see David.That was when I saw AIDS for the first time.I didnt even recognize him.David had lostweight,had purple lesions all over his body,and was very pale.He couldnt even get upwhen h

41、e saw me.He was bedridden.I still had to be the strong one and keep everything in.Ihad brought him stuff from the ocean,his favorite place.We talked about my trip andanything else we could think of.Then he fell asleep because he could no longer stay awakefor long periods of time.7.On the second of M

42、ay 1996,David was put in hospital.This gave him the feeling thatthere was no more hope left,and that he was going to die.I still had to maintain my positiveoutlook for him.He needed that in me.One day he looked at me and said,“Faye,I am dying;lets accept that and deal with it.I know what I did was w

43、rong and now I have to deal with it.All I want you to do is to remember me,enjoy life and be carefuL,For the first time in frontof him,I cried.I knew that it wouldnt be long before he was gone forever.He shouldnt haveto deal with this at such a young age.Towards the end of May he became so sick that

44、 thehospital staff had a bubble around him so he wouldnt catch our bad germs.I hated to seehim like that,and every day it became worse.I had come to realize that any day now hewould die.At night I would wonder if he would make it through.School was over now,so Ispent every hour I could in the hospit

45、al.He was everything to me.I felt bad for the time thatwe had lost and how I wasnt even going to fight for our friendship.8.The fifth of June,1996 marked the end of my best friend Davids life.He wentpeacefully.That was a comfort all in its own.In a way I was glad that it was over,for he wasno longer

46、 in pain.All the emotions that I had held in came rushing out as I realized that Iwould never see David again.His mother said that I had kept him alive and that she wasgrateful that I was her sons last friend.It hasnt been a year yet,but I have done so muchsince then that I am no longer that carefre

47、e teenager.I now educate people about AIDS,which to me is keeping Davids memory alive.Even though David is gone,he is still with meand always will be in mind and spirit.Paragraph XQuestions:1.What does the first sentence of Paragraph 1 tell us?A:It points out the significance of dealing with AIDS,wh

48、ich is the theme of the text.2.The last sentence of Paragraph 1 is a sentence fragment.It is actually part of the precedingsentence.Why does the author separate them from each other?A:By separating them from each other,the writer succeeds in accentuating the two parts ofthe sentence with more inform

49、ation.It is precisely for the purpose of emphasis that a sentence isdivided into two or more than two parts by means of full stops.Words and Expressions1.strengthen:v.to make something stronger or more effective,or to become stronger or moreeffectivee.g.The wind strengthened during the night.夜 里 风 刮

50、 得 更 大 了。They have been strengthening their border defense in preparation for war.他 们 已 加 强 了 边 界 的 防 守，作 好 了 战 争 的 准 备。He has been brought in to strengthen the defense.已 经 请 他 来 加 强 防 卫 力 量。They are burned in by emotion and strengthened by strong yearnings,like the yearnings foradmiration and right