北京市海淀区2022年中考一模英语试题（含答案与解析）.pdf

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1、1.考 生 须 知 2.3.4.2022年 北 京 市 海 淀 区 中 考 一 模 试 题 英 语 试 卷 本 试 卷 共 8 页，共 两 部 分,39道 题，满 分 60分。考 试 时 间 90分 钟。在 试 卷 和 答 题 卡 上 准 确 填 写 学 校 名 称、姓 名 和 准 考 证 号。试 题 答 案 一 律 填 涂 或 书 写 在 答 题 卡 上,在 试 卷 上 作 答 无 效。在 答 题 卡 上，选 择 题 用 2B 铅 笔 作 答,其 他 试 题 用 黑 色 字 迹 签 字 笔 作 答。考 试 结 束,请 将 本 试 卷、答 题 卡 和 草 稿 纸 一 并 交 回。第 一 部 分

2、 本 部 分 共 33题，共 40分。在 每 题 列 出 的 四 个 选 项 中，选 出 最 符 合 题 目 要 求 的 一 项。一、单 项 填 空（每 题 0.5分，共 6 分）从 下 面 各 题 所 给 的 A、B、C、D 四 个 选 项 中,选 择 可 以 填 入 空 白 处 的 最 佳 选 项。1.My brother is very friendly.gets along well with others.A.He B.She C.I D.You2.Wu Dajing,a gold medalist,started to practice speed skating the age

3、of ten.A.on B.in C.for D.at3.-do you play basketball with your classmates,David?Twice a week.A.How often B.How long C.How soon D.How far4.Our parents help and support us a lot,we should be thankful to them.A.but B.or C.so D.because5.you lend me your dictionary,Laura?Sorry,I cant.I have just lent it

4、to Eric.A.Could B.Should C.Must D.Need6.We should keep in mind that nothing is than safety.A.important B.more important C.most important D.the most important7.Nick,take out the trash,please.一 Wait a minute,Mom.I an e-mail to Mr.Smith now.A write B.am writing C.wrote D.will write8.The supennarket at

5、8:30 a.m.and closes at 8:30 p.m.every day.A.is opening B.opened C.opens D.will open9.All of u s great progress since we started junior high school.A.make B.made C.have made D.will make10.The kids an online lesson when their parents arrived home yesterday.A.took B.take C.are taking D.were taking11.A

6、new hospital in the village by the government last year.A.builds B.built C.is built D.was built12.Tom,do you k n o w?一 Next Friday.A.when will we hold the sports meetingC.when did we hold the sports meeting二、完 形 填 空（每 题 1分，共 8分）B.when we will hold the sports meetingD.when we held the sports meeting阅

7、 读 下 面 的 短 文，掌 握 其 大 意，然 后 从 短 文 后 各 题 所 给 的 A、B、C、D 四 个 选 项 中，选 择 最 佳 选 项。It was January 2021.My second term in high school had just ended.Two weeks earlier,my parents checkedmy grades and 13 more than 20 missing tasks.Bright and able as I was,I had often struggled（挣 扎）with 14 and procrastination（拖

8、 延）,especially with writing tasks.But this time was different,and the pandemic（疫 f青）was to blame.I was doing myfirst year partly from home where I did my schoolwork on my own time,and,for the most part,without teacherguidance.The 15 was too much.I could do a million other things rather than my homew

9、ork.I told my momwhat I was missing from my teachers and classmates,t4Whcn a teacher walks around the classroom,you want to beon task,and you dont want to fall behind the other students.My parents tried to help,but their 16 fell far short of their expectations.Tired from working longdays,they critic

10、ized rather than advised.Late-night learning hours ended in matches.All three of uswere upset and stressed out.We knew we couldnt solve this alone.So when my mom heard that Steve Merrill,an experienced teacher,could help,she 18 out.Mr.Merrill told me that his students also had problems in the same a

11、reas:task organization and timemanagement.He taught me to break down big tasks into small ones.We met twice a week,over video,where wecould look over my tasks and put the skill into practice.After a few months,I started to see positive results.Mygrades were improving.My work habits were becoming mor

12、e regular.There were 19 late-night learninghours and fights.The other evening I came downstairs to ask my parents for help with a writing task.There was somethingdifferent.I had 20 most of it two days before the deadline!While I dont expect this school year to beeasy,I now have some of the tools I n

13、eed to help me through it.13.A.counted B.finished C.changed D.gave14.A.discussion B.expression C.competition D.organization15.A.knowledge B.stress C.freedom D.advice16.A.rules B.efforts C.habits D.experiences17.A.searching B.reading C.joking D.shouting18.A.reached B.helped C.worked D.dropped19.A.bet

14、ter B.fewer C.stronger D.busier20.A.shared B.forgotten C.completed D.mistaken三、阅 读 理 解（每 题 2分，共 2 6分）阅 读 下 列 短 文，根 据 短 文 内 容,从 短 文 后 各 题 所 给 的 A、B、C、D 四 个 选 项 中，选 择 最 佳 选 项。AYou change into your pajamas,turn off the lights,and get yourself ready to sleep.How do you prefer to sleep,on the back or on

15、your side?Here arc some interesting sleeping positions.CStarfishStarfish is when you lie on your back and sleep with yourarms lifted up near your head.According to studies,only 5%ofpeople sleep like this.It often causes lower back pain.You canplace a pillow（枕 头）under your knees if you have lowerback

16、 pain.You will feel more comfortable this way.JSoldier PositionThis sleeping position is kind of strange,but verycommon.I t when you sleep on your back with your armsdown and very close to your body.Studies have shown thatpeople who sleep like this may be quieter.It is actually a goodsleeping positi

17、on,as it helps keep your spine（脊 柱）in astraight line.&S）Sleeping on Your BellyDo you like to sleep on your belly,but experienceproblems oftentimes?The position might not help you.It canmake your neck uncomfortable.But if this is how you like tosleep,you might consider using a very soft cooling pillo

18、w tokeep your neck comfortable.wFreefallIf this sleeping position is not familiar to you,you shouldknow that at least 7%of the worlds population sleep that way.In this position,you have your hands on or around your pillow,with your head turned to one side.But it may create a twist（扭 伤）in the neck.So

19、me studies suggest that generally youre asocial person if you like to sleep in this position.2 1.Which sleeping position often causes lower back pain?A.Starfish.B.Soldier Position.C.Sleeping on Your Belly.D.Freefall.22.Sleeping in the soldier position h e l p s.A.you fall asleep quickly B.keep your

20、spine in a straight lineC.you breathe easily D.treat the pain in your neck23.If Tom likes to sleep in the freefall position,he might b e.A.social B.quiet C.honest D.carefulBJeremiahs MistakegarlicJeremiah hurried into the kitchen and washed his hands.He had exactly one hour until his father got home

21、.Hewasnt used to starting dinner this early.On his nights to cook,Jeremiah generally got dinner ready in fifteenminutes.But Dad always praised Jeremiahs meals,no matter how simple they were.Delicious!”he would say.But Jeremiah knew Dad liked more complicated（复 杂 的）dishes,because on Dads nights to co

22、ok,he used a ton ofingredients.Dad was a natural cook.Not Jeremiah-at least,not until tonight.It was Dads birthday,and for once in his life,Jeremiah was cooking something complicated:spaghetti withhomemade sauce（酱）.Hed eaten it a million times,so he knew most of the ingredients.4 f cTomatoes,onions,

23、garlic,beef/he thought,looking through the fridge.They had everything except the beef.No problem-theyd govegetarian tonight.limeJeremiah cut up the vegetables with Dads special knife and put them into the pot.Then he turned to Dadsspice（香 料）collection.He picked a few familiar ones and put them in.Th

24、e pleasing smell of fresh tomatoesamazed him.He tasted it just as Dad usually did.It was terrible!Way too spicy.Aha!A lime would cool thingsdown.He added in as much lime juice as he could.One more taste.Ugh.It was awful!Now the sauce was sour andspicy.He left the kitchen and went into his room.He co

25、uld at least order pizza,so Dad wouldnt have to stay hungryon his own birthday.As he counted his money,he heard the front door open.Hi,Jeremiah!,Dad called.“Coming.”Jeremiah returned to the kitchen,where he found Dad digging through the food cupboard.Pm buying pizza,Jeremiah said.Its not much of a b

26、irthday dinner.”Dad turned holding a bag of chips and a bowl of Jeremiahs spaghetti sauce.t6We dont need pizza!”Dadsmiled.This delicious salsa（萨 尔 萨 辣 酱）is a meal in itself!M24.Why did Jeremiah decide to cook something complicated?A.Because it was his dads birthday.B.Because his dad told him to do s

27、o.C.Because he arrived home early.D.Because he was a natural cook.25.Jeremiah thought the sauce he made w a s.A.neither sour nor spicy enough B.different from what he had expectedC.simple but healthy D.as delicious as he had imagined26.What can we learn about Jeremiahs father?A.He takes his job seri

28、ously.B.He is creative and strict.C.He expects his son to be skillful.D.He is loving and encouraging.CWhy Do Top Athletes Choke Under Pressure?According to classic economic theory,the higher the reward,the better the expected performance.As a result,we could expect the best performance at the most i

29、mportant moments.But why do we so often see the mosttalented and experienced athletes perfonn much worse than expected in important competitions like the Olympics?Why the Drop in Perfbnnance?It is not necessarily true that theres a direct relationship between incentives（激 励）and achievement.Researchh

30、as shown that increased motivation（动 机）beyond a certain level harms an athletes performance.We call thisphenomenon“choking under pressure”.Greater incentives may lead to higher levels of arousal（兴 奋）.Therelationship between performance and arousal looks like an inverted U shape（彳 到 U 形）,meaning that

31、 performanceis the best at certain levels of arousal and drops with over-arousal.The desire to perform as well as possible is thought to create performance pressure.Many studies have shownincreased pressure has a bad effect on athletes9 perfbnnance in skill-based games.When people overthink orconsci

32、ously monitor each step,the drop in performance happens.2Beyond the pressure coming from the important competitions,another thing that may add pressure is the levelof expectations.An experiment suggested high audience expectations hann performance in a skill-based task.Forexample,one of the most fam

33、ous biathletes in history,Martin Fourcade,said it was very emotional for him tocompete in his home country and also much harder than competing abroad because of greater expectations.We tested this home disadvantage by using data from biathlon（冬 季 两 项）competitions over 17 years.Wehave found the most

34、titled athletes miss a lot more shots when competing in their home country compared to whenthey compete abroad.The most reasonable explanation likely relates to the level of expectations from thehomeland.How to Deal with It?There are several ways to reduce stress,such as a countdown or taking a deep

35、 breath before the task.But thebase for any solution is to realize that stress affects perfbnnance.Choking under pressure can happen to the bestathletes and its not a shame to admit it.The more athletes know about the effect pressure can have on them,themore likely they are to succeed at the highest

36、 level.27.What can we learn from“choking under pressure”?A.The higher the reward,the better the expected performance.B.Better achievement in games results from a drop in pressure.C.Arousal beyond a certain level harms an athletes performance.D.Athletes9 performance in games has something to do with

37、their training.28.Which of the following would be the best heading fbr Paragraph 4 and 5?A.Pressure as a Key to Improving Performance.B.Pressure as a Push fbr Becoming Top-level Athletes.C.High Expectations as a Cause of Choking Under Pressure.D.High Expectations as an Incentive to Compete in the Ho

38、me Country.29.To deal with pressure,the athletes should f i r s t.A.avoid the possible feelings of pressureB.share their worries with friends and coachesC.try their best to succeed at the highest levelD.recognize the effect of stress on performanceDNowadays,the online world is nearly as important as

39、 the real one.It is not uncommon to see the wholeInternet bands together to“cancel“someone after they make a mistake,which is called Cancel Culture.It can resultin a person,if famous,losing fans and having to face attacks online.Even a normal person faces risks of losingtheir jobs or personal relati

40、onships.While stepping foot on any social media platform,everyone including youngchildren can fall victim to it.Cancel Culture is a lose-lose situation.The person being canceled has to stand the negative effects of theInternet,and the people doing the canceling are contributing to（促 成）the mindset th

41、at ifs okay to do this to peoplethey dont know.Young kids may not understand or contribute completely to Cancel Culture,but by simply beingon the Internet,they can see it firsthand,affecting their real lives.A New York Metro Parents article describes onegirl who was canceled in school the same way p

42、eople are canceled on the Internet,and her friends wouldnt eventalk to or look at her.Dr.Pam Rultledge,a media psychologist,explains in her blog post that Cancel Culture discourages kids fromexpressing their opinions and standing up for others.Ifs always an“us against them“mindset;anyone agreeingwit

43、h the person being canceled is at risk of being left out online too.So again I ask,what is this teaching our kids?That they arent allowed to make mistakes?That they have to beperfect?Thi may be the cuirent narrative,but it shouldnt be.Everyone messes up at some point,especiallyyoung children.They sh

44、ouldnt be publicly punished for it and not given the chance to change peoples minds.Forgiveness is an important skill kids need to learn,and Cancel Culture is encouraging the opposite.One small mistake doesnt make someone a bad person,but Cancel Culture makes them feel as if they are.Cancel Culture

45、doesnt have to exist.We make it exist.And just as easily,we can make it disappear by contributingto an online world full of praise and love.30.The underlined words“fall victim to“in Paragraph 1 probably mean”A.be attracted to B.get used to C.be shocked by D.get hurt by31.Why does the writer mention

46、the New York Metro Parents article in Paragraph 2?A.To explain why Cancel Culture does harm to childrens friendships.B.To stress the importance of close relationships with friends fbr students.C.To show how Cancel Culture has exercised influence on kids real lives.D.To suggest possible ways of chang

47、ing the habit of overusing the Internet.32.In Cancel Culture,a person who makes mistakes will b e.A.comforted with great patience B.left out and publicly punishedC.taught how to correct the mistakes D.blocked from using the Internet again33.By saying“This may be the current narrative,but it shouldnt

48、 be in Paragraph 4,the writer wants toexpress that Cancel C u l t u r e.A.is easy to change B.has a two-sided natureC.is supposed to be canceled D.stops mistakes from being repeated第 二 部 分 本 部 分 共 6题，共 20分。根 据 题 目 要 求，完 成 相 应 任 务。四、阅 读 表 达（每 题 2分，共 10分）阅 读 短 文，根 据 短 文 内 容 回 答 问 题Eradajere Oleita has

49、 a tradition on her birthday of finding some way to give back.So as her 25th birthday wasaround the comer in 2020,she started looking for her next project.She found it when she came across a video onthe Internet about how to iron fbil-lined（铝 箔 内 衬 的）chip bags into sleeping bags.Oleita said the vide

50、o gaveher the idea of the Chip Bag Project.“This is a project that allows me to really bring two of my passions together,people and the environment,9,Oleita said.Wc throw so much stuff away and never really think about where thats ending”.“It takes about four hours to sew（缝）a sleeping bag.Each takes