名词性从句-PPT.ppt
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1、名词性从句Can you distinguish THAT-CLAUSE in the two sentences?1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2.We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.2在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句(Noun Clauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一,名词性从句的基本
2、用法His job is important.What he does is important.This is his job.This is what he does every day.I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.I dont know about the man,Mr.White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.2.I wonder _
3、you will go shopping or stay at home.3.This is _ he was often late for school.4.We all know the truth _ the earth _(move)around the sun.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句Thatwhetherwhythatmoves1 That he will succeed is certain.2 Whether he will go there is not known.3 What he said is not true.4 Where he hid the mone
4、y is to be found out.5 Whoever comes is welcome.6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.7 When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.大家有疑问的,可以询问和交流可以互相讨论下,但要小声点 可以互相讨论下,但要小声点That we will succeed is certain.=It is certain that we will succeedwho will give us a talk is
5、 unknown at all.It is not known who will give us a talk.宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)They know that the habit will kill them.It all depends on whether they will support us.He asked how much I paid for the violin.He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job.I fin
6、d it necessary that we should do the homework.Tell the function of the following clausesthat,whether,if(that 常可省略)who,what,which,whoever,whatever,when where why howIt all depends on whether you have enough experience.I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smke here 当whether后紧跟or/or not时,不用if
7、.I dont know whether or not I will stay 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.1.Whether 和if 都可以引导宾语从句I dont know whether or not I will stay I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略We must make it clear that we mean what we say.由连词and连接的两个由that引导
8、 的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略.He told me(that)he would come and that he would come on time.a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.He believes _.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Please tell me _.his dream will come true some daywhat you were doing at this time yesterday.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语 可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.3他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。He told me _.他说他已离开家乡十年了。
9、He told me _.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。The teacher told us _.he was preparing for the examinationhe had been away from his hometown for ten yearslight travels in a straight line.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。The question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in
10、need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.表语从句:在句中充当表语成分,一般放在连系动词之后.作用:对主语进行解释说明。The reason why we missed was that I was late for the appointment.1.The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he often lied2.The reason _ he gave for his absent was _ he was ill.reas
11、on 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导,不能用why 引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。在在名名词词性性从从句句中中,我我们们还还须须特特别别注注意意以以下问题:下问题:whythatthatthat注意点1.The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he often lied2.The reason _ he gave for his absent was _ he was ill.reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导,不能用why 引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。在在名名词
12、词性性从从句句中中,我我们们还还须须特特别别注注意意以以下问题:下问题:whythatthatthat同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分,其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news 等)后面,对名词作进一步解释说明.同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether 1)The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.2)Word came that Napoleon himself was coming
13、to inspect(视察)them.3)Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.Sydney made a promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.Sydney made a promise that he would always do anything he could for L
14、ucie to make sure of her happiness.一、名词性从句的语序(1)名词性从句构成有两种a.That+陈述句That light travels in straight lines is known to all.This is what we are looking for.b.疑问词+句子的剩余成分(2)疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句 语序,不能用一般疑问句语序。How was he successful is still a puzzle.()How he was successful is still a puzzle.()你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗?
15、FTTF他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。Could you tell me where he lives?()Could you tell me where does he live?()二、名词性从句连接词的选用(1)that 和what 的选用that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。但是,what除起连接作用外,还在名词性从句中充当成分,可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。that/what1._ he wants is a book.2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _
16、 we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7.I have no doubt _ he will come.8.I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhata.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do.g whether o
17、r not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.不能使用if 的情况:1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly a
18、nswer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8.I dont know _ to go.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether(3)其它连接代词和副词的连用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词,这些连接词既具有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.
19、我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.Whenwhowhatwherethat 可省略的情况:that不可省略的情况:主语从句表语从句同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that 不能省略单个宾语从句中的that可省略1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has m
20、ade such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless.4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.(that)thatthatthatthat(that)that1.同位语从句的格式:2.能接同位语从句的名词有:3.连接词通常是that
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