培优完形填空专题-PPT.ppt

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1、英语完形填空英语完形填空解题方法与技巧解题方法与技巧 May 4,20151大家好Free talkWhat do you think of cloze(完形填空）完形填空）?Is it easy or hard for you?2大家好 完形填空题考什么？完形填空题考什么？1、词法及词义辨析、词法及词义辨析 2、固定短语搭配、固定短语搭配 3、上下文逻辑关系、上下文逻辑关系 4、文化背景及生活常识、文化背景及生活常识完形填空题型分析解读完形填空题型分析解读3大家好 “完形填空完形填空”命题与备考命题与备考1 1.完形填空题完形填空题立足语篇语篇，要求学生从，要求学生从全文全文的整体角度的整体

2、角度去分析、归纳、猜测，考查去分析、归纳、猜测，考查学生的学生的思维能力。2.2.注重短语、句型、习惯用语、动词时态、语态的构成、名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词等语义辨析和语义理解能力的考查。4大家好 完形填空解题指导1.通览全文，了解大意通览全文，了解大意。答题时，应先答题时，应先细读首句，细读首句，越过空挡通读全文，整体理解大意，找出信息词。越过空挡通读全文，整体理解大意，找出信息词。2.综合考虑，先易后难综合考虑，先易后难。通读全文后，可以根据全通读全文后，可以根据全文大意，展开文大意，展开逻辑思维逻辑思维，分析这一空格处在句中的分析这一空格处在句中的位置、前后的关系和它所起的作用位置、

3、前后的关系和它所起的作用，确定最佳答案；，确定最佳答案；第一遍做出三分之一，先确定有把握的答案。第二第一遍做出三分之一，先确定有把握的答案。第二遍逐个解决时，注意遍逐个解决时，注意后线索后线索的现象。的现象。3.复读检验，消除疏漏复读检验，消除疏漏。答案不仅要在原句中合理，答案不仅要在原句中合理，在全文中也要合理。看看这时的短文在全文中也要合理。看看这时的短文行文是否流畅、行文是否流畅、意义是否连贯、逻辑关系是否合理意义是否连贯、逻辑关系是否合理。5大家好解题技巧解题技巧1.1.利用话题再现解题利用话题再现解题A man is driving along the .The road leads

4、 to his home.A.road B.street C.countryside D.river6大家好2.2.利用词义辨析解题利用词义辨析解题Growing up in Australia,I wanted a pen friend.I was 13,had just started middle school and needed someone to talk to.So I went all of the pen friend websites I could find on the Internet.A.through B.away C.round D.on7大家好It was

5、an early morning in summer.In the street,the sleepy-eyed were moving quickly,heading towards their.A.jobs B.home C.restaurants D.offices 3.3.利用常识背景法解题利用常识背景法解题8大家好.利用上下文语义联系解题利用上下文语义联系解题It was a cold winter afternoon.Robert stopped for a moment as he crossed the bridge and looked down at the river b

6、elow.There were hardly any on the river,near the bridge.However,almost directly below,was a small canoe(独木舟）,with a boy in it.A.fish B.boats C.leaves D.sounds 9大家好 I do hope all of us will remember that maybe one day,it would happen to one of us,_ please do not pass by a poor person without offering

7、 at least a word of love and a kind smile or an act of kindness A.but B.or C.and D.so5.5.利用逻辑分析法解题利用逻辑分析法解题10大家好.利用过渡词解题利用过渡词解题The students in the USA only have an-hour-long break,so they _ eat lunch quickly.A.need to B.cant C.mustnt D.are able to11大家好Have a try!1.Like most July days,it was hot.I st

8、epped into a tiny ice-cream shop to _ with a chocolate ice-cream.A.warm upB.cool offC.freeze myself D.enjoy myself 2.Its not difficult to say“Thank you”.Years ago I gave a speech called“Powerful_ for positive people,“These are very simple but powerful sentences that we all like to hear.A.feelingsB.b

9、odiesC.heads D.sentences3.The officers then began to eat their meal,saying that the mushrooms had a very strange _ quite pleasant taste.A.besidesB.butC.andD.orBDBv 利用话题再现解题利用话题再现解题利用词义辨析解题利用词义辨析解题v 逻辑分析法解题逻辑分析法解题12大家好完形填空的解题步骤完形填空的解题步骤1.跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意；2.结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案；3.瞻前顾后，先易后难，个个击破；4.再读全文，反复检查，适当

10、调整。13大家好精讲例文精讲例文Growing up is not always easy.When facing difficulties,courage and a spirit of independence(独立)can be more useful than crying for help.Thats what the story Ive heard recently.The young man was born in 1982 in a family in a small town.When he was only 11,his father became mentally ill

11、 and one day came back with an abandoned(被遗弃的)baby girl.1.A.rich B.happy C.poor D.unhappy14大家好 A year later,his 2 left home with his younger brother because she couldnt 3 hard life and pressure from her mad husband.The 12-year-old boy began to 4 his whole family.2.A.father B.mother C.sister D.brothe

12、r3.A.understand B.stand C.believe D.mislead4.A.support B.organize C.hate D.like15大家好 he took care of not only his sick father,but also the little girl.5,he didnt give up studying.Later he went to college.To care for the little girl he rented a room near his college and 6 her education by doing part-

13、time jobs.5.A.At times B.For the first time C.At the same time D.at a time6.A.planned B.afforded C.ended D.started16大家好After the young mans story went public,people were deeply impressed by his behavior.7 his life was hard,he didnt abandon his father and his sister because 8 needed his help very muc

14、h.7.A.Since B.Unless C.Although D.If 8.A.they B.he C.she D.it 17大家好 And he 9 donations from others.He said he felt 10 because of kind offers,but he could depend on his own work.With his hard-won-money,he 11 aided other students in trouble.9.A.received B.expected C.refused D.accepted 10.A.sorry B.emb

15、arrassed C.encouraged D.glad11.A.even B.hardly C.still D.ever18大家好Today when many young people worry more about their own happiness,this young mans behavior reminds us of what we dont usually 12 ，love and care for others.Nobody could continue to live 13 these.Through his hard life,the young man is r

16、egarded as a 14 in peoples eyes.So when facing difficulties,dont 15 bad luck.Consider what more you could do for your family and society,and youll find the world smiling back.12.A.get used to B.look forward to C.pay attention to D.used to 13.A.with B.without C.by D.in 14.A.fool B.volunteer C.hero D.

17、winner15.A.knock into B.dream about C.complain about D.knock down.19大家好Practice makes perfect!20大家好 要充分利用首句的标示作用要充分利用首句的标示作用 第一句往往是全篇的关键句，首句一般不设空，它有概括和第一句往往是全篇的关键句，首句一般不设空，它有概括和预示全文大意的作用，是判断文章体裁并预测全文主旨、大意预示全文大意的作用，是判断文章体裁并预测全文主旨、大意的突破口，常含有解题和理解文章的有用信息。的突破口，常含有解题和理解文章的有用信息。（when,where,who,what,howwhe

18、n,where,who,what,how)要注意尾句的提示和总结作用要注意尾句的提示和总结作用1.故事的结局故事的结局2.问题的结论问题的结论3.幽默或富有哲理的结尾幽默或富有哲理的结尾 留意文章中有中文注释的词留意文章中有中文注释的词有注释的词往往对理解短文和解题有帮助。有注释的词往往对理解短文和解题有帮助。Step 1 抓住首尾，了解短文抓住首尾，了解短文21大家好完形填空。完形填空。共共205词词 推荐做题时间推荐做题时间 10分钟分钟 Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activitiesHis father 1 hi

19、m away from school four afternoons a week and drives him across town to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car when we are 3 to practice，and I have to do the rest when I get homeI am too tried,I just want to sleep.”He said.“More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have too many activities to do.”said

20、 Mr.Wang，an expert(专家专家)of child development“4lof the children aged 9-13 said they felt 5 most of the time，and more than 750f them said that they wished they had more 6 to play.”“Over-scheduling(过量的课程安排过量的课程安排)is a growing problem for Chinese families.”said Mr.WangIt is not good for both kids and th

21、eir parents.More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fast food 8 their way to football practice or music lessons.We all know it is important for kids to learn how to relax.If they dont learn that now,it will be more difficult to learn when they get 9 .Kids need time to relax.Parents should 10 about w

22、hat is right for kids.22大家好可以推测：可以推测：这篇文章是介绍青少年日常生活中过重课程安排，占用了孩子们大量的课余这篇文章是介绍青少年日常生活中过重课程安排，占用了孩子们大量的课余时间，成了影响他们健康成长的社会问题，时间，成了影响他们健康成长的社会问题，首句：首句：Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activities第三段首句第三段首句：“Over-scheduling(过量的课程安排过量的课程安排)is a growing problem for Chinese families.”中文注释：中

23、文注释：an expert(专家专家)尾句：尾句：Kids need time to relax.Parents should 10 about what is right for kids.撇开选项不谈，单从这些句子中，我们可以捕捉到如下信息：撇开选项不谈，单从这些句子中，我们可以捕捉到如下信息：（1 1）XiaoQiang XiaoQiang 是个是个1212岁中国男孩。岁中国男孩。（2 2）他有许多活动。）他有许多活动。（3 3）专家认为过量的）专家认为过量的课程安排是个问题课程安排是个问题 。（4 4）孩子们需要时间休息。）孩子们需要时间休息。23大家好Step 2 通读全文通读全文,

24、把握脉络把握脉络 Xiao Qiang，通过跳过空格，通览全文，我们通过跳过空格，通览全文，我们明白了大意、明白了大意、理清了观点、分清了层次。理清了观点、分清了层次。本文讲述了许多青少年学生在课余时间奔走本文讲述了许多青少年学生在课余时间奔走于各种各样的于各种各样的after school activities after school activities 的问题，的问题，专家呼吁专家呼吁Kids need time to relax.Kids need time to relax.24大家好 Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too ma

25、nyactivitiesHis father 1 him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him across town to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car when we are 3 to practice，and I have to do therest when I get homeI am too tried,I just want to sleep.”Hesaid.“More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have tooman

26、y activities to do.”said Mr.Wang，an expert(专家专家)of child development“4lof the children aged 9-13 said they felt 5 most of the time，and more than 750f them said that theywished they had more 6 to play.”“Over-scheduling(过量的课程安排过量的课程安排)is a growing problem forChinese families.”said Mr.WangIt is not goo

27、d for both kidsand their parents.More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fastfood 8 their way to football practice or music lessons.We allknow it is important for kids to learn how to relax.If they dont learn that now,it will be more difficult to learn when they get9 .Kids need time to relax.Parents

28、 should 10 about what is right for kids.跳过空格通读短文：跳过空格通读短文：25大家好Step 3 瞻前顾后，上下求索瞻前顾后，上下求索 本着先易后难的原则，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案，并划出语篇标志和答题暗示。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。26大家好完形填空。完形填空。（共共205词词 推荐做题时间推荐做题时间 10分钟）分钟）Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activitiesHis father 1 him away from school four after

29、noons a week and drives him across town to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car when we are 3 to practice，and I have to do the rest when I get homeI am too tried,I just want to sleep.”He said.“More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have too many activities to do.”said Mr.Wang，an expert(专家专家)of ch

30、ild development“4lof the children aged 9-13 said they felt 5 most of the time，and more than 750f them said that they wished they had more 6 to play.”“Over-scheduling(过量的课程安排过量的课程安排)is a growing problem for Chinese families.”said Mr.WangIt is not good for both kids and their parents.More families eat

31、 dinner 7 or often eat fast food 8 their way to football practice or music lessons.We all know it is important for kids to learn how to relax.If they dont learn that now,it will be more difficult to learn when they get 9 .Kids need time to relax.Parents should 10 about what is right for kids.平平行行结结构

32、构1.A.take B.takes C.took D.has taken2.A.sports B.business C.homework D.housework3.A.riding B.flying C.walking D.driving27大家好完形填空。完形填空。共共205词词 推荐做题时间推荐做题时间 10分钟分钟 Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activitiesHis father 1 him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him acros

33、s town to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car when we are 3 to practice，and I have to do the rest when I get homeI am too tried,I just want to sleep.”He said.“More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have too many activities to do.”said Mr.Wang，an expert(专家专家)of child development“4lof the children

34、 aged 9-13 said they felt 46 most of the time，and more than 750f them said that they wished they had more 6 to play.”“Over-scheduling(过量的课程安排过量的课程安排)is a growing problem for Chinese families.”said Mr.WangIt is not good for both kids and their parents.More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fast food

35、 8 their way to football practice or music lessons.We all know it is important for kids to learn how to relax.If they dont learn that now,it will be more difficult to learn when they get 9 .Kids need time to relax.Parents should 10 about what is right for kids.前前提提示示后暗示后暗示1.A.take B.takes C.took D.h

36、as taken2.A.sports B.business C.homework D.housework3.A.riding B.flying C.walking D.driving相同或相似结构相同或相似结构28大家好完形填空。完形填空。共共205词词 推荐做题时间推荐做题时间 10分钟分钟 Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activitiesHis father 1 him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him across town to prac

37、tice“I do most of my 2 in the car when weare 3 to practice，and I have to do the rest when I get homeI am too tried,I just want to sleep.”He said.“More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have too many activities todo.”said Mr.Wang，an expert(专家专家)of child development“4lof thechildren aged 9-13 said t

38、hey felt 5 most of the time，and more than 750f them said that they wished they had more 6 to play.”“Over-scheduling(过量的课程安排过量的课程安排)is a growing problem for Chinese families.”said Mr.WangIt is not good for both kids and their parents.More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fast food 8 their way tofoo

39、tball practice or music lessons.We all know it is important for kids to learnhow to relax.If they dont learn that now,it will be more difficult to learnwhen they get 9 .Kids need time to relax.Parents should 10 about what isright for kids.因果关系因果关系表达心情的形容词表达心情的形容词应与表达心情的形容词匹配应与表达心情的形容词匹配后暗示后暗示4.A.but

40、 B.or C.because D.so5.A.excited B.interested C.worried D.dangerous6.A.great timeB.full time C.right time D.free time29大家好完形填空。完形填空。共共205词词 推荐做题时间推荐做题时间 10分钟分钟 Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activitiesHis father 1 him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him across t

41、own to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car when we are 3 to practice，and I have to do the rest when I get homeI am too tried,I just want to sleep.”He said.“More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have too many activities to do.”said Mr.Wang，an expert(专家专家)of child development“4lof the children ag

42、ed 9-13 said they felt 5 most of the time，and more than 750f them said that they wished they had more 6 to play.”“Over-scheduling(过量的课程安排过量的课程安排)is a growing problem for Chinese families.”said Mr.WangIt is not good for both kids and their parents.More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fast food 8 t

43、heir way to football practice or music lessons.We all know it is important for kids to learn how to relax.If they dont learn that now,it will be more difficult to learn when they get 9 .Kids need time to relax.Parents should 10 about what is right for kids.后暗示后暗示平平行行结结构构 7.A.slowly B.quickly C.quiet

44、ly D.happily 8.A.on B.by C.in D.across 9.A.taller B.stronger C.older D.better10.A.hear B.think C.look D.tell固固定定搭搭配配结合句义推测结合句义推测固定搭配、语境固定搭配、语境30大家好保留解题痕迹的卷面：保留解题痕迹的卷面：Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activitiesHis father 1 him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him

45、across town to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car when we are 3 to practice，and I have to do the rest when I get homeI am too tried,I just want to sleep.”He said.“More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have too many activities to do.”said Mr.Wang，an expert(专家专家)of child development“4lof the chi

46、ldren aged 9-13 said they felt 5 most of the time，and more than 750f them said that they wished they had more 6 to play.”“Over-scheduling(过量的课程安排过量的课程安排)is a growing problem for Chinese families.”said Mr.WangIt is not good for both kids and their parents.More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fast

47、food 8 their way to football practice or music lessons.We all know it is important for kids to learn how to relax.If they dont learn that now,it will be more difficult to learn when they get 9 .Kids need time to relax.Parents should 10 about what is right for kids.后暗示后暗示平平行行结结构构固固定定搭搭配配结合句义推测结合句义推测固

48、定搭配、语境固定搭配、语境前提示前提示后暗示后暗示平平行行结结构构31大家好Step 4 再读文章，核查答案再读文章，核查答案 将所有答案代入空格后，重新将短文复读一遍，争取做到：争取做到：结构正确结构正确+语义通顺语义通顺+逻辑合理逻辑合理。32大家好具体解题步骤具体解题步骤1 1、抓住首尾，了解短文、抓住首尾，了解短文2 2、通读全文，把握脉络、通读全文，把握脉络3 3、瞻前顾后，上下求索、瞻前顾后，上下求索4 4、再读文章，核查答案、再读文章，核查答案勾勾划划、研研读读首首句句尾尾句句以以及及有有中中文文注注释释的单词的单词,打开答题窗口打开答题窗口,了解全文。了解全文。跳跳过过空空格格

49、，速速读读全全文文，把把握握大大意意。注注意意文文中中的的语语篇篇标标志志，和和句句中中的的连连词词,捕捉关键词汇。捕捉关键词汇。前前后后联联系系，先先易易后后难难。运运用用解解题题策策略略从从句句子子、段段落落、语语篇篇层层面面解解题题，划划出出语篇标志，找准关键词、定位词语篇标志，找准关键词、定位词。代代入入答答案案，再再读读全全文文，反反复复检检查查 争争取取做做到到：结结构构正正确确+语语义义通通顺顺+逻逻辑辑合合理理。33大家好 完形填空解题技巧口诀完形填空解题技巧口诀要想完形做得好，语篇理解最重要。要想完形做得好，语篇理解最重要。语义语用是考点，逻辑关系要判断。语义语用是考点，逻辑

50、关系要判断。重首尾，看提示，平行结构要注意。重首尾，看提示，平行结构要注意。依语法，找搭配，根据常识来选择。依语法，找搭配，根据常识来选择。做标志，找关键，先易后难看时间。做标志，找关键，先易后难看时间。按照步骤来做题，利用技巧闯难关。按照步骤来做题，利用技巧闯难关。34大家好特别提示：特别提示：35大家好解题误区1、单纯求快单纯求快忽略语篇理解忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决辨析、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。所有问题。正确的做法是正确的做法是在整体理解语篇的基础上结在整体理解语篇的基础上结合语境选择合语境选择。2 2、时间安