初中英语复习专辑——名词.pdf

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1、初 中 英 语 复 习 专 辑 名 词名词的数1、可数名词与不可数名词A、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water;meat;rice;bread;milk;tea;orange（桔汁）;fruit;air;snow;chalk;work;paper（纸）;time（时 间）；music;weather;grass;news;food;fish（鱼肉）；coke;porridge;cake（可数或不可数）.不可数名词应注意以下几点：1）前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单.2）表量用约数 some/any;much;a lot of 或用o f短语eg.There is bread o

2、n the table.CA.a B.one C.apiece of D.manyThere is some on the plate.BA.apple B.fish C.milks D.deer2、可数名词的复数A、不规则变化：man-men;womanwomen;child一childrenpolicemanpolicemenEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmenfoot-feet;tooth-teeth mouse（鼠）一mice但注意以下几点：potato-potatoes;tomato-tomatoes 单复同形:fish;sheep;deer;

3、Chinese;Japanese 由man,woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数man doctor men doctors（4）reefreefs“某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余 s 力H后面.eg.German-Germans people,police常用单数形式表示复数概念 The police are looking for the missingboy.3、名词所有格：名 词 飞(意 思 是“的“)A.有生命的名词所有格，般 在 后 力 口s”但注意:1)表两者共有则在后者加“飞”Lucy and Lilys father露西和莉莉的父亲Lucys and Li

4、lys fathers 露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.2)以s结尾的词只加“eg.1)the boys books 2)James father3)无生命的名词所有格用o f来引导eg.the leg of the desk4)双重所有格：a friend of my fathefsa friend of mine(V)a friend of my(X)名 词 练 习一、写出下列词的复数l.b o o k 2.bus 3.orange4.baby 5.boy 6.my7.hi s 8.knife9.watch_lO.sheep 11.tooth 12.leaf13.German_14.Chinese

5、_二、选择正确的答案（）1.Are t hos e?-No,they arent.T h e y r e.A.sheep;cows B.sheep;cowC.sheeps;cow D.sheeps;cows（）2.M um,Im quite thirsty.Please give meA.two orange B.two bottles of orangeC.two bottles orange D.two bottles oforanges()3.1 have got_news from my friend.Doyou want to know?A.a very good B.anyC.a

6、piece of D.two pieces()4._room is on the 5th floor.A.Lucy and Lily B.Lucy and LilysC.Lucys and Lily D.Lucys and Lilys()5.Every morning Mr.Smith takes ato his office.A.20 minutes,walk B.20 minutes walkC.20-minutes walk D.20-minute walk()6.This is James Allan Green.We can callhi m.A.Mr.Green B.Mr.Alla

7、nC.Mr.James D.James Green()7.Jack and Tom ar e.A.good friends B.good friendC.a good friend D.good a friend()8.It,s only about ten walk to thenearest post office.A.minutes B.minutes C.minutes5 D.minute()9.He often has for breakfast.A.two breads B.two piece of breadsC.two pieces of bread D.two pieces

8、ofbreads初 中 英 语 复 习 专 辑(2)足词1、不定冠词a,ana 用在辅音音素开头的词前eg.a booka useful book a qjursful Hu:an用于元音开头的词前.eg.an applean hour an Fau ef|2、定冠词the1)特指某人/某物The book on the desk is mine.2)世上独一无二的事物前the sun,the moon,the earth,the sky3)形、副最高级及序数词前The third boy is the tallest of all.(但当这些词前已有其他限定词，如物主代词、所有格、指示代词时

9、，则不能再用the)He is my first English teacher.4)the+姓 的 复 数 表 示“某家人”或“某夫妇”。the Greens格林一家/格林夫妇3、不用冠词的几种情况：1)在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词2)学科名词前3)球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前(但:当三餐名词前有修饰词时，则要加适当的冠词.表乐曲演奏的名词前应加the)1)He went to school after he had aquick breakfast.2)play the violin/piano冠 词 练 习()1.There iss in word bus”.A.a;a B.an;th

10、e C.a;the D.an;a()2.Maths is _useful subject.You cantdrop it,I think.A.an B.a C.the D./()3.bad weather it is!A.How B.What a C.How a D.What()4.一What color is_orange?-Its orange.A.an;an B.an;the C.an;/D./;an()5.Mr.Li is old worker.A.an B.a C.some D./()6.Look at picture!Thereshouse in it.A.a;a B.the;th

11、e C.a;the D.the;a()7.One morning he found handbag.There was _ s on the comer o f _handbag.A.a;an;the B.a;a;theC.a;a;a D.the;an;a()8.What_interesting story it is!A.a B.an C.the D./()9.Meimei is_best student in her class.A.a B.an C./D.the()10.Tom is_kind boy.All_ studentslove him.A.a;/B.a;the C.an;/D.

12、an;the()1 l.Is_book on the desk mine?Yes.A.the B.a C.an D./()12.Even while he was in _hospital,hewent on writing songs.A.a B.an C.the D./()13.Dont r e a d.A.in bed B.in the bed C.on bed D.on thebed()14.Smith is honest man.A.a B.the C.an D./初 中 英 语 专 辑(3)代 词()指示代词：this,that,these,those,this,that 一般与可

13、数名词的单数连用，而不与不可数名词连用(但that可单独指代不可数名词)。that apple(V)that meat(X)The weather in Sichuan is not so hot as_ inGuangzhou.that(二)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词1)人称代词：主格、宾格(作主语为主格，作宾语为宾格;介+宾格)eg.1)1 thank you2）You thank me.2）物主代词：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。一变（mymine）;二留（hishis its-its）三 力 口 s（your-yours;our-ours;her-hers;theirtheirs

14、）用法：有名不名，无名是名eg.This is（我的）book.This bookis（我的）.my；mine3）反身代词：某某自己；亲自反身代词的常见搭配:单数复数yourselfyourselvesmyselfourselveshimselfherselfthemselvesitself1 .enjoy oneself玩得高兴；过得愉快2.hurt oneself 伤着自己3.teach oneself=learn.by oneself 自学4,（all）by oneself（完全）独立地5.help oneself t o 请自便；随便吃6.1ook after oneself 自理；照

15、顾自己7.1eave one by oneself 把单独留下8.1ose oneself in陶醉于;沉浸于（三）不定代词l）some 与 any一般情况下，som e用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑 问 句（但表邀请、建议的问句中可用some一此类句型 常 以 could,would开头）2）many+可数=a lot of:许多much+不可数（但 a lot of不能用于否定句）3)few,a few;little,a little表否定表肯定可数few（儿乎没有）a few（儿个；一些）不可数little（几乎没有）alittleL 点儿少许）.The story is easy t

16、o read.There arenew words in it.few.H urry up!There is time left,little4)everyone/anyone 不力)ofno one 不 加 ofnone of()of us wants to read the book.BA.Everyone B.Every oneC.Nobody D.No one5)other,another,others单数复数泛指another三者以上的另一个定语主语、宾语othersome.others特指一one.the other一个另一个the others=the other+复名（另外的人

17、或物）.We study subjectsbesides Chinese.M ay I have_ apple?(3).These cups are c l e a n.a r e dirty.1 have two pens.One is red,isblue.other;another;others;the others另 外 注 意：one another(三者 以 上 的)相 互each other(两者的)相互We should learn from each other(说明 we 指两个人)They help one another(说明 they 指三个人以上)6）二者与三者复数

18、单数单数:者both(都)neither(都不)either（任何一个）三者an（都）none（都不）any（任何一个）注意:.both 否定 neither all 否定none.both,a ll不 但 作 主 语 为 复 数，且被修饰的词也为复数；neither,none作主语为单数，但 none of+复名，neither of+复名()1.of my parents is a teacher.BA.None B.Neither C.Both D.All()2.There are many trees o n side ofthe river.CA.both B.any C.eithe

19、r D.allevery one/any one of7)each:(二者以上的)每个作主、宾、定)every:(三者以上的)每个-只作定语).student in the class likes English._ of the students studied hard.代 词 练 习()1._office is much smaller than_.A.Ours;yours B.O ur;yoursC.Theirs;our()2.H elp_ to some meat.my uncle saidto me.A.themselves B.yourself C.yourselves()3.T

20、here are twenty teachers in our school.Eight of them are men teachers and arewomen teachers.A.others B.the others C.another()4.There isnt paper in the box.Willyou go and get for me?A.any;some B.any;any C.some;any()5.There are many trees on _ sides ofthe street.A.both B.all C.each()6._ of them has a

21、dictionary andone of them can look up words in it.A.Each;every B.Every;each C.Every;every()7.When shall we meet,this afternoon ortonight?”I dont mind.time is OK.A.Either B.Every C.Neither()8.Would you like_cup of tea?A.other B.the other C.another()9.The two friends were so pleased to seeeach other t

22、hat they f o r g o t.A.other everything B.anything elseC.everything else.()1 0.of his parents is a teacher.A.Both B.Neither C.None()11.The river is very d irty.p e o p le goto swim in it.A.Few B.A few C.Little()12.A friend of came to seeyesterday.A.his;his B.he;him C.his;him()13.You cant leave your

23、baby b y _athome.A.herself B.himself C.itself()14.My father is very busy with his work.He has_time to have a rest.A.little B.a little C.few()15.1 have three skirts.One is red._twoare black.A.another B.the other C.the others()16.Jack has_friends here.So he oftenfeels lonely.A.a little B.a few C.few()

24、17.Who teaches_French?A.we B.our C.us()18.The boys were all tired,but _ ofthem stopped to have a rest.A.any B.some C.none()19.Sorry,I cant answer your question.Iknow about the news.A.a little B.little C.few()20.Hello,Bill!Help to a cake.Thanks.A.your B.yourself C.yourselves四、数词数词分为基数词和序数 词。用于表示事物数目的

25、词称为基数词，表示事物顺序的词称为序数词。1.基数词（1000以内的基数词的读法）365一three hundred and sixty-five505一five hundred and five2.基数词变序数词的方法：基变序，有规律；词尾要加山。一二三，特殊记；词尾分别tdd。八 去t,九 去e；ve则 以f替。ty则变作ti;后面还有一个eo要是遇到几十几；只将个位变成序。eg.one一first two-second three一thirdeight-eighth nine-ninth twelve一twelfthtwenty-twentiethtwenty-one-twenty-fi

26、rst3.数词的应用：A、时刻表达法：a.整点：基 数 词+oclockeg.Its eight oclock now.b.几点儿分：1.直接表达法：先小时后分eg.3:25 three twenty-five2.间接表达法：先分后小时1）（3 0 分钟）用 past：分钟past小时eg.3:25 twenty-five（minutes）past three2）（30分钟）用 to：（60-分钟数）to（小时数+Deg.3:35 twenty-five（minutes）to four3）30 分 钟=half 15 分 钟=a quartereg.3:30 three thirty=half

27、 past three3:15 three fifteen=a quarter past three.3:45 three forty-five=a quarter to fourB、日期表达法：月日，年(或日月年)1949年 10月 1 日：October 1st,nineteen forty-nine二 the first of October,nineteen forty-nine2000 年：the year two thousand=twenty hundred2001 年：twenty o one3 月 1 日：March the first=the first ofMarchC、

28、表编号：第 207 房间：Room 207第五课：Lesson 5=the fifth lessonD、序数词与不定冠词(a;an)连用表“又一；再一”eg.Youve done it three times.Whynot try a fourth time?E、分数的表达：分 子(基 数)、分母(序数)eg.one third 三分之 two thirds H分之二注意：1.分子超过1 时，分母加s2.含分数的短语作主语由分数后的词决定谓语eg.l)One third of the students are girls.2)One third of the milk is mine.3.分数

29、的特殊形式l)one third=a third2)one fourth=a quarterthree fourths=three quarters3)one second=a halfF、一些数词的复数+of表约数：hundreds of;thousands of;millions of数 词 练 习()1.If you go out at night,youll beable to see starts.A.thousands of B.thousand ofC.nine thousands of D.thousands()2.Monday is_day of the week.A.fir

30、st B.the firstC.the second D.second()3.You,ve done it twice.Why not trytime?A.third B.the third C.a third D.once()4.Which is the month?ItsSeptember.A.nine B.nineth C.ninth D.ninety()5.December is_of the year.A.the twelfth months B.the twelfthmonthC.the twelveth months D.twelvemonths()6.There a r e _

31、floors in thebuilding and he lives on the floor.A.eighteen,fifteen B.eighteenth,fifteenthC.eighteen,fiveteen D.eighteen,fifteenth()7.1 was born_,1982.A.on June 2rd B.in June 2ndC.on June two D.on June 2()8.Its from our home to the zoo.A.two and a half hours,walkB.a half and two hours walkC.two hours

32、 and a half hours walkD.two and a half hours walk()9.What time is it now?Its_to six.A.quarter B.a quarter C.quarto C.a quarto()10.Will you be back in?A.one or two minutes B.one minute or twoC.two minutes or one D.two or one minute()11.Marys uncle went to F r a n c e.A.in his thirties B.on his thirti

33、esC.at his thirties D.about his thirties()12.The headmaster wrote a_report.A.two thousand words B.two-thousand-wordsC.two-thousand words D.two-thousand-word()1 3.of the apples in the fruit bowl aresoft and sweet.A.Two-third B.Second-thirdC.Two-thirds D.Second-thirds()14.We have learned about theseda

34、ys.A.several hundreds English wordsB.hundreds of English wordsC.hundred of English wordsD.several hundred English word()15.A UN report says that the wordpopulation will pass six billion by the end ofcentury.A.twentieth B.twentyC.the twentieth D.the twentyth五、介词Lin;on;at用在时间词前,表“在”l)at+具体时刻2)on+具体某天(

35、具体某天的上、下午等；星期词；以及上、下午词前有修饰词时)3)in+年、月、季节及一天中的某部分但 注 意:at night=in the night at noonat this/that time at Christmaseg.1._the morning 2._ Mondaymorning3._a rainy evening 4._ 3:50 5.20026._the morning of April 10 7._spring8._night 9._ this time 10._ March另 外 注 意：在 时 间 词(morning,afternoon,evening;Sunday.

36、)前有 last,next,this,that 时,不再用介词.tomorrow,tonight前也不用介词。eg.I will go(A)to the cinema(B)in(C)this evening._2.in,on,at 表地点：at 一般指小地方；in 一般指大地方或某个范围之内；o n 往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：eg.l)He arrived _Shanghaiyesterday.2)They arrived _a small villagebefore dark.3)There is a big hole the wall.4)The teacher put up a

37、 picturethe wall.3.in,on,to 表方位in(范围内)；on(范围外且接壤)；t。(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为下图的 位 置 关 系 eg.l)Taiwan is in thesoutheast of China.2)Hubei is on the north of Hunan.3)Japan is to the east of China.cross:动 词”跨 过，越 过”=go across4.across:(表面)跨过through:(内部)穿过，贯穿 介词eg.l)Can you swim the river?2)The road runs the forest

38、.3)the bridge,youll find a cinema.5.in+时 间 段：与 将 来 时 连 用after+时间段：与过去时连用但 after+时间点：可与将来时连用。1)Til leave three oclock.That is,ril leave about ten minutes.2)They left two weeks.6.in the tree(外 加 在 树 上 的 事 物)on ihe tree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等)in the wall（镶 嵌 在 墙 内 部 的 事 物）7.on the wall（墙表面的事物）1）There is a map_

39、the wall2）There are four windows_ the wall.8.by bike/bus/car/ship（单数且无冠词）但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时,则应使用相应的介词。eg.by bike=on a（the;his）bikeby car=in a（the;her）caro n:在（表 面）上-接 触9.over:在 的 正上 方above:在的斜上方未接触1）The moon rose the hill.2）There is a bridge the river.3）There is a book the desk.10.betw een:在（两者）之 间a

40、mong:在（三者以上）之间1）A big crowd of people were waiting for LiLida on the b e a c h.t h e m were hisparents.2）Tom sits Lucy and Lily.1 Lon 与 about:关于o n 用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等about用于非正式的谈话或随便提及eg.He gave a talk the history of theParty12.in front of:在前面/方（范围外）=beforein/at the front of:在.前 部（范围内）1 ）There is a big

41、 tree of theclassroom.2）A driver drives of thebus.类似区别：at the back of 与 behind13.with和 in:表 示“用“w ith:指“用 工 具、手、口 等”in:指“用语言、话语、声音等”1）Please write the letter a pen.2）Please speak a loud voice.14.on a farm;in a factory;the girl in thehat;leave for:动身前往某地15.一些固定搭配：（1）介词与动词的搭配listen to,laugh at,get to,

42、look for;wait for,hear from,turn on,turn off,worry about,think of,look after,spend.on.,等。（2）介词与名词的搭配on time,in time,by bus,on foot,with pleasure,on ones way to,introuble,at breakfast,at the end of,in the end 等。（3）介词与形容词的搭配be late for,be afraid of,be good at,be interested in,be angry with,be full of,

43、be sorry for 等。七、形容词、副词的比较等级1.原级：表 示 A 与 B 在某方面相同。句型：1）A+谓+as+原 级+as+B2）A+谓（否定）+as/so+原级+as+BA 与 B 在某方面不同注意：not as/so.as=less than 不及；不如eg.l）This girl is as beautiful as thatone.2）You dont eat so much as I3）This book isnt as interesting asthat one=This book isthat one2.比较级：两者进行比较（常 与 than连用）1 )1 am

44、cleverer then you 我比你聪明 2)He runs faster than Jim 他比 Jim 跑得快。3)1 picked more apples than Jim.lJc bL你摘的苹果多。4)Which is more interesting,this oneor that one?哪本书更有趣，这本还是那本？3.最高级：(或三者以上)进行比 较(常与表范围的in.of短语连用)(注意：of+个体名词单数in+集合名词)eg.1)Shanghai is the biggest city inChina.2)He runs fastest in our class.3)H

45、e is the tallest of the three boys.4)Which is the easiest,Lessonl,Lesson2 or Lesson3?4.形、副比较等级的其他用法1)“比较级and比 较 级”表示 越来越”eg.lazier and lazier 越来越懒(但注意：如果多音节词用此结构时应为 more and more+形、副)eg.more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮2)“th e比较级，th e比较级”“越.，越”eg.the more,the better 多多益善you a r e,youwill get.你越懒，收获越少。3)

46、“the比较级of+二 者 二者中较的 个”eg.1)Lucy is the younger of the twins.2)Of(A)the two books(B)this oneis thicker(D).4)表示二者相差多 少 用“具体数量+比较级”eg.He9 s a head taller than me.My brother is two years older thanme5)表 示“是 几 倍 时 用twice;three times 等+as.as“eg.l)This book costs twice as much asthat one.这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。2)He

47、 has four times as many booksas I have他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。6)区别 older/elder 与 farther/furtherolder(年龄较老的)elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的)eg.My brother is thanme.farther(指 距 离“较 远 的”)further(指 抽 象 事 物 的“更进一步的”)eg.l)He went abroad forstudies.2)Fusun i s from ourschool than Zhaohua.形、副比较等级还应注意1.比 较 级 前 用 a little;much/alot;

48、even/still来 加 强 语 气，表示“点儿;得 多;更，eg.1)a little bigger 大一点儿2)much more 多得多3)even heavier 更重但注意：不能在比较级前加so;too;very;quite 等。2.比较级必须是同类事物相比(即as;由a n后的词应与主语是同类事物)，注意常用漏的代词有：that;those;one;oneseg.l)The apples(A)in this basket(B)are redder(C)than in that basket(D).2)This knife(A)isnt(B)so(C)newas that(D)._

49、3)Our classroom(A)is(B)biqwer(C)than Lily(D)._3.个体与整体相比，不能包括个体，常 用“any other+单数名词”来进行比较。eg.l)Betty(是个体)is cleverer than anystudent in her class(是 整 体).(x)正：Betty is cleverer than any otherstudent in her class.=Betty is cleverer than anybody else inher class.=Betty is the cleverest in her class.(特别注意

50、以上三种句型的转换)2)China is bigger than any country inAfrica.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。3)China is bigger than any othercountry in Asia.中国比亚洲的任何一个其他国家大。*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。eg.Mary is the tallest of all hersisters.(x)(all her sisters 已排除了 Mary)改：Mary is the tallest of all the sisters.5.表示“第二、第三”时，可在最高级前加“second,third,.