知行英语综合教程2Unit8-PPT.ppt

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1、121)hybrid(混合动力的)A paper2)organic B bottles3)solar C cars4)recyclable D food5)unbleached(未漂白的)E energyTask 1Answer the questions by matching the following items.Answer the questions by matching the following items.1 What are eco-friendly products?31)paper A bags2)plastic B cups3)disposable(一次性的)C ti

2、ssue(纸巾)4)fossil(矿物)D chemicals5)toxic(有毒的)E fuelsTask 12 What are not environmentally friendly?4Task 2Work in pairs.Look at the following layout of a supermarket.Discuss with your Work in pairs.Look at the following layout of a supermarket.Discuss with your partner in which section you will find th

3、e following products or service.partner in which section you will find the following products or service.FRESH MEATS&SEAFOODADELICACIESBFROZEN FOODS&BEVERAGESCPREPAREDFOODSDCHEESEEFLORISTFBAKERYGCUSTOMERSERVICEHCHECKOUTIPRODUCEJ1 shrimps&crabs1 shrimps&crabs2 ice-cream&Coke2 ice-cream&Coke3 canned 3

4、 canned(罐装的)beansbeans4 payment 4 payment(付款)5 sausage5 sausage6 beef6 beef7 vase7 vase8 French cheese 8 French cheese 9 white bread 9 white bread 10 returns&refunds 10 returns&refunds(退货&退款)ACJIDAFEGH5Task 3Use some of the words in Task 2 to fill in the blanks.Use some of the words in Task 2 to fil

5、l in the blanks.1 shrimps&crabs1 shrimps&crabs2 ice-cream&Coke2 ice-cream&Coke3 canned 3 canned(罐装的)beansbeans4 payment 4 payment(付款)5 sausage5 sausage6 beef6 beef7 vase7 vase8 French cheese 8 French cheese 9 white bread 9 white bread 10 returns&refunds 10 returns&refunds(退货&退款)1 An Italian laborer

6、came in and asked for a loaf of _.2 Can I have a Diet _?3 _ is chiefly made of milk and sugar.4 Generally,I prefer glass _ to pottery(陶器)ones.5 Tomorrow he will return them to the store and claim(索要)_.6 Do you want your _ steak rare(三分熟的),medium(五分熟的),or well-done(熟透的)?white bread white bread ice co

7、keice cokeCanned beansCanned beansvasevaserefundsrefundsbeefbeef6Reading ItPaper vs Plastic Bags:Paper vs Plastic Bags:Which Is Better for the Environment?Which Is Better for the Environment?*WordsBetter acquaintance1 For many years,grocery clerksclerks often asked customers if they would prefer pap

8、er or plastic bags.Now the preferencepreference has shiftedshifted in the direction of plastic.This change has little to do with environmental issuesissues and everything to do with convenience and efficiency.Many stores today set up their checkoutcheckout standsstands with plastic bags.It often mak

9、es the decision for paper much more difficult for the consumerconsumer.From a business point of view,its not hard to judgejudge the preference of most stores todaythe plastic bag.clerkn.店员；职员preference n.偏好；偏爱的事物shift v.转变issuen.问题checkout n.付款处；收银台；退房时间standn.（供放置物品的）架；台consumern.消费者；用户judgev.评价；（尤

10、指）批评1多年以来，店员都会例行公事般地问顾客，他们是要纸质购物袋还是塑料购物袋。现在人们的选择更加倾向于塑料袋。这种变化只是人们为了方便和效率，而与环境问题关系不大。很多商店都在结账的地方准备了塑料袋，使得消费者更加无从选择纸袋。从商业的角度不难看出大多数商店优先选择塑料袋。大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流83 So which form of bag is actually best for the environment?It depends on how you look at“

11、best”when it comes to issues of environmental responsibility.Both paper and plastic bags are made in factories.Their manufacturemanufacture uses energy and produces waste.Quite naturally,many consumers believe that paper bags are better for the environment because paper is made from natural products

12、 such as wood and from recycledrecycled paper and cardboard.But the wood industry is also held responsible for clear-cutting forests and adding to the problems of deforestationdeforestation.Replanting with fast-growing trees may solve the problem to some extent but it creates unnatural forests for n

13、ative animals.2 But does this mean the paper bag,often seen as the more environmentally-consciousconscious choice,has vanishedvanished?Not necessarily.Paper packagingpackaging is still widely used,from gift wrappingwrapping to envelopesenvelopes to cardboardcardboard boxes for fruit.Many customers p

14、refer paper wrapping products when they can get them.Plastic bags may rulerule at the supermarket checkout countercounter,but cardboard and paper products are still preferred elsewhere.consciousa.有意识的；自觉的vanishv.消失；灭绝packagingn.包装wrappingn.包装纸；包装材料envelopen.信封cardboardn.卡纸板rulev.统治；支配；管理counter n.柜台

15、manufacturev.制造recyclev.再利用；回收利用*deforestation n.砍伐森林；毁林3到底哪一种袋子对环境最有利呢？这取决于在考虑对环境的责任时，你怎样理解“最好”。纸袋和塑料袋都是在工厂里生产出来的，都会消耗能源，带来废料。很自然的，许多消费者认为纸袋更环保，因为其原料是天然材料-木材。但是木材工业也会牵扯到对生长多年的树木的清场，给采伐森林带来问题。重新种植速生木材也许会解决回收再利用问题，但是这种非自然的森林无法解决原本生活在天然林里的动物的栖息问题。2但是这是否意味着被认为更环保的纸袋就此要消失了呢？不一定。纸质包装当下还在被广泛使用，比如礼品包装，信封，以

16、及对肉食的包装等等。当并不特别需要塑料袋的时候，顾客还是愿意选用纸袋的。塑料袋也许在结账处独领风骚，但是硬纸盒和纸袋在其它地方则仍然受欢迎。94 Plastic also receives a fairfair shareshare of criticismcriticism from environmentalistsenvironmentalists.Plastic is by its very nature an“artificialartificial”product.It is derivedderived from crudecrude oil and other chemical

17、schemicals.Producing usableusable plastic creates heat and great amounts of water are required to control the processprocess.Harmful chemicals are emittedemitted into the air.Ground watermay become polluted.Until recently,all plastic grocery bags and other packaging were non-biodegradablebiodegradab

18、le,that is,they will not break down into harmless parts when thrown away by consumers.Older plastics will continue to pollute the environment and releaserelease harmful gases for many years.4塑料袋同样遭到环保主义者应有的批评。塑料袋从本质上说是“人造”材料，完全取自原油和其它化学制品。有用的塑料的生产会在工厂产生热源并消耗大量的水来控制生产过程，有害化学物质则会以烟的形式被排放到空气中去。地表水可能遭受污

19、染。直到前不久，大部分塑料购物袋和其它包装材料还无法被回收。被消费者扔掉之后，这些东西并不会自动分解为无害的物质。早先被扔掉的那些塑料制品则继续污染环境，在后来的数月里甚至很多年里释放有害气体。faira.相当的；公平的；合理的sharen.（参与、得到等的）份；（分享到或贡献出的）一份criticismn.批评；批判environmentalistn.环境保护主义者；环境保护论者artificiala.人造的；人工的derivev.提取；得到；源于crude a.天然的；未经提炼的chemicaln.化学制品 a.化学的；化学作用的usablea.可用的；合用的；便于使用的processn.

20、过程；进程emitv.散发（热、光、气等）biodegradablea.微生物可分解的releasev.&n.释放；排放105 So if neither paper nor plastic is completely safe environmentally,which is the best choice?Again,it depends on your definitiondefinition of environmental safety.Paper bags have always been recyclablerecyclable and biodegradable.Theywil

21、l not harm the environment after disposaldisposal.Paper bags can also be reused for other things,which encourages recycling.Paper companies often use a lower-grade paper pulppulp to produce grocery bags.This means the factory is using almost all of its supply of wood efficiently.Grocery store packer

22、s also tend to fit more products in each bag which reduces the total number of bags used per transactiontransaction.5既然纸袋和塑料袋对于环境来说都不是安全的选择，那么哪一种相对来说好一些呢？还是那句话，这取决于你对环境安全的定义了。纸袋总是可以被回收的，被扔掉以后也不会对环境有害。纸袋还可以被用来做其它用途，这样也会促进其被回收。纸品公司经常用等级较低的纸浆生产购物袋，也就是说工厂充分利用了木材这种原料。商店里负责打包的店员也常常会尽可能把每个袋子装满，减少每一单生意中纸袋的使

23、用数量。但是为了避免意外的破损，包装者有时候会使用尽可能多的塑料袋，这种做法日久天长，就会造成巨大浪费。definitionn.定义；规定；明确recyclable a.可回收利用的disposaln.丢弃；处理pulp n.纸浆transactionn.（一笔）交易；办理；执行116 But plastic bags also have their environmental advantages.The energy used to produce plastic bags is often less than the energy used to produce the same num

24、ber of paper bags.Plastic bag machines can create hundreds of bags from a surprisingly small amount of raw plastic material.Plastic can also be made from lower-grade crude oil.This means crude oil will be used efficiently.Since it takes far less raw material for one plastic grocery bag,plastic may a

25、ctually be a better choice environmentally.Recent advancesadvances in technology have also resulted in plastics which are more eco-friendly than older forms of plastic and manufacturersmanufacturers of modern plastic bags are reducing the amount of raw materials required.Plastic bags can also be reu

26、sed as garbagegarbage containerscontainers or freezer bags which creates less need for more expensive plastic products.6不过塑料袋也有优势。生产塑料袋耗费的能源少于生产相同数量的纸袋所消耗的能源。生产塑料袋的机器可以只用极少量的原料制造出数百只塑料袋。再者，塑料袋的原料是品质较低的原油，也就意味着原油可以被更加有效的利用。正因为每一只塑料购物袋消耗的原材料少，所以从环保角度来说，塑料袋其实是更好的选择。最新的技术进步也也带来了比以前更环保的塑料制品。现代的塑料袋最终会由尽可能

27、少的原料制成。塑料袋还可以用来装垃圾或者作为冷冻袋。如此一来会减少对更昂贵的塑料制品的需要。advancen.进展；进步manufacturer n.制造商；制造公司garbagen.垃圾containern.容器；集装箱127 The ultimateultimate answer between paper and plastic may still be a matter of debate for years.But the recent tendencytendency of stores to offer almost only plastic bags may indicatei

28、ndicate the future from a business point of view.If demand for paper bags continues to go down,then paper companies may stop producing them.A new material may be developed.If so,it is likely to be more environmentally friendly than todays plastic bags.Until that day arrives,consumers will probably c

29、ontinue to choose their bags based on convenience rather than environmental concernsconcerns.7关于纸袋与塑料袋孰优孰劣的最终答案，人们或许在今后相当长的一段时间里仍然争论不休。但是最近这种商店几乎只提供塑料袋的风潮，似乎从商业的角度预示了未来的一个方向。如果对纸袋的需求量继续下降，纸品公司便会停止为消费者生产纸袋。一种比目前我们使用的塑料袋更环保的新材料也许会被开发出来。在那一天到来之前，消费者恐怕只能在关心环保的同时，更注重于方便程度，来选择他们使用的袋子了。ultimatea.最终的；首要的ten

30、dencyn.倾向；趋势indicatev.表明；标示；指示concernv.涉及；关系到；使关心；使担忧n.关心；关系；有关；顾虑13Understanding ItTask 1 Read the text and answer the following questions.1 Why has customers preference 1 Why has customers preference for packaging at grocery stores for packaging at grocery stores shifted to plastic bags?shifted to

31、 plastic bags?2 Why do many customers usually 2 Why do many customers usually believe paper bags are more eco-believe paper bags are more eco-friendly?friendly?3 Why do paper bags receive 3 Why do paper bags receive criticism from environmentalists?criticism from environmentalists?4 What harm do pla

32、stic bags do to 4 What harm do plastic bags do to the environment?the environment?Because it is convenient and efficient.The customers think that the material of paper bags comes from the natural product called wood.But the wood industry is also held responsible for clear-cutting old growth forests

33、and adding to the problems of deforestation.The production process consumes great amounts of heat resources and water.Harmful chemicals may be given off into the air in the form of smoke.Ground water may become polluted.Older plastics would continue to pollute the environment and release harmful gas

34、es for months or years.14Task 2 Read the text again and correct the following statements.1 From a business point of view,its hard to judge the preference for paper or plastic of todays grocery stores.2 Paper packaging is not that widely used and customers no longer prefer paper bags.3 The production

35、 of paper bags will not cause any energy consumption or waste any material.1 Now the preference has shifted in the direction of plastic.2 Paper packaging is still used widely,from gift wrap to envelopes to meat wrappers.Customers still prefer paper products when plastic bags arent especially helpful

36、.3 Both paper and plastic bags are made in factories.It will cause energy consumption and waste materials.15Task 2 Read the text again and correct the following statements.4 Plastic bags do not have any environmental advantages.5 The ultimate answer between paper and plastic is very clear because of

37、 the environmental advantages of paper bags.4 The material of plastic bags is not wood but artificial,which does not lead to deforestation.5 The ultimate answer between paper or plastic may still be a matter of debate for years.16Task 3 Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1 This change ha

38、s little to do with environmental issues and everything to do with convenience and efficiency.2 Plastic also receives a fair share of criticism from environmentalists.3 Plastic is by its very nature an“artificial”product.4 Recent advances in technology have also resulted in plastics which are more e

39、co-friendly than older forms of plastic and manufacturers of modern plastic bags are reducing the amount of raw material required.5 The ultimate answer between paper and plastic may still be a matter of debate for years.1这种变化只是人们为了方便和效率，而与环境问题关系不大。2塑料袋同样遭到环保主义者应有的批评。3塑料袋从本质上说是“人造”材料。4最新的技术进步也也带来了比以前

40、更环保的塑料制品。现代的塑料袋最终会由尽可能少的原料制成。5关于纸袋与塑料袋孰优孰劣的最终答案，人们或许在今后相当长的一段时间里仍然争论不休。17Language Pointsifsomethingisroutinelydone,itisdoneasanormalpartofaprocessorjob；regularly惯常地，照例地e.g.Someoftheequipmentisroutinelyusedinhospitalsaroundthecountry.(opinion,belieforattitude)changeslightly(主意、观念，态度等的）改变e.g.Herefused

41、to shifthis ground(=changehisopinion).routinely shiftWordsWordscontrol;influence控制，支配；影响e.g.thepassionforpowerandsuccesswhichrulesherlife支配着她的生活的对权力和成功的渴望e.g.Happypeopledontletdesiresrulethem.ruleLanguage Points分解；打破e.g.Bacteriaareaddedtohelpbreak downthesewage.break downPhrases&Phrases&ExpressionsE

42、xpressions a matter of关于的问题e.g.Itsa matter of privacy.增加；加强 add to as much as与同量;同.一样e.g.Thepriceistwiceasmuchasthatoftenyearsago.以为基础e.g.Theirrelationshipwasbased onmutualrespect.base on就本质而言e.g.Wolvesarecruelby nature.by its very nature源自；源于e.g.Theenzymeisderived fromhumanblood.derive fromLanguage

43、 Points与非常相关 have everything to do with sth.Phrases&Phrases&ExpressionsExpressions fair share合理份额；公平分配e.g.Thesubjecthasreceiveditsfairshare ofattention.toproduceasmell,light,heat,asoundetc.发出气味、光亮、热量或声音等e.g.Thewoodgave offasweet,perfumedsmellasitburned.give off go down与没什么关系e.g.Happinesshas little t

44、o do withwealth.have little to do with sth.用的形式e.g.Peoplearebombardedwithinformationin the form ofTVadvertising.in the form of /in the shape oftobecomelowerinlevel,amountetc.（数量、层次等的）下滑，下降e.g.Computershavegone downinprice.Language PointsPhrases&Phrases&ExpressionsExpressionscausesomethingtohappen导致，

45、引发e.g.Reducingspeedlimitsshouldlead tofewerdeathsontheroads.lead to未必；不一定e.g.Expensiverestaurantsarenot necessarilythebest.not necessarily result in使某事发生；引起e.g.Thefireresulted ingreatdamagetotheirproperty.(对事物的)简介，态度;观点，着眼点e.g.Irespectyourpoint of view,butImnotsureIagreewithyou.point of view(对事件或发生的

46、情况)需承担责任的，负有过失的e.g.Theairlineislegallyresponsible forthesafetyofitspassengers.responsible for set up设立，搭建e.g.Theyset upthestatueinthesquare.Background information check-out standcheck-out stand收银台,结账台它是商场超市必不可少的配套设施。因为其结构紧凑，占地面积小，所以被越来越多的商家所喜爱。收银台除了收银结账这一主要用途外，还可以陈列一些商品吸引顾客的视线，从而大大提高商品售卖的几率。22Backgr

47、ound information礼物包装用品（如花纸和绸带）。用各种各样漂亮的包装纸或包装盒包装礼物，再系上缎带或者蝴蝶结。这个习俗始于西方，这些年也逐渐深入人心，很多中国人送礼时候也会去专业的礼品店为礼品包装，或者买包装纸自己包装。Giftwrapping也是一个送礼人花心思表达情意的重要环节。gift wrap gift wrap23Background information纸浆是以植物纤维为原料，经不同加工方法制得的纤维状物质。可根据加工方法分为机械纸浆、化学纸浆和化学机械纸浆；也可根据所用纤维原料分为木浆、草浆、麻浆、苇浆、蔗浆、竹浆等。Paper pulp Paper pulp24

48、Background information Crude oil Crude oil原油即石油，也称黑色金子，是一种粘稠的、深褐色（有时有点绿色的）液体。是石油刚开采出来未经提炼或加工的物质。石油主要被用来作为燃油和汽油，石油也是许多化学工业产品,如溶剂、化肥、杀虫剂和塑料等的原料。25Background information Freezer bag Freezer bag冰箱保鲜袋它是在传统的保鲜塑料袋上增加了一个拉链。使用时可以先将袋子挤压一下，排出袋内大部分的空气，然后再拉上拉链。有了冰箱保鲜袋，人们在冰箱内存储食物更加安全便捷。26Doing ItTask 11What does“

49、environmental consciousness”(environmental What does“environmental consciousness”(environmental awareness)mean?After reading the whole text,can you explain it in your awareness)mean?After reading the whole text,can you explain it in your own words?own words?Whats environmental consciousness/awarenes

50、s Whats environmental consciousness/awareness in your own words?in your own words?2Do you consider yourself environmentally-conscious?Here are some practices of Do you consider yourself environmentally-conscious?Here are some practices of environmental consciousness.Tick()those you have.environmenta