大学英语四级翻译新题型60道.docx

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1、秦始皇陵墓毕业生过剩中国扇子山体滑坡秧歌洛阳灵隐寺四合院茶马古道中国城市化毕业生就业新年龙图腾饺子汉字天干地支中国成语笔墨纸砚对外开放文化节景德镇中国贸易茶中国肥胖问题快速老龄化保健食品少林功夫八大菜系现代人类京剧孔子剪纸秧歌舞针灸筷子京剧丝绸七夕假日经济端午节大学英语四级翻译新题型精选60道专练丝绸之路四合院结构筷子法定假日信用卡台风“潭美”中国人均GDP中国经济活动放缓子女探望父母中国出境游全球变暖月光族房地产找工作长城中国功夫印章道教中国园林人口老龄化通信科技中秋节1.丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是历史上连接中国和地中海的一条重要贸易路线。 因为这条路上的丝绸贸易占绝大部分，所

2、以在1877年它 被德国的一位地理学家 命名为“丝绸之路”。这条古道从长安开始，经过河西走廊(theHexi Corridor), 到达敦煌后分成三条：南部路线，中部路线和北部路线。这三条路遍布新疆维 form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters. There are more decorations in the costumes of nob

3、les, while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental. Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters. Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks. In general, white usually re

4、presents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters, while gold and silver represent dLvinity and Buddhism.30.中国经济的高速发展，带来了消费文化的日益流行，同时也催 生了一批具有 高学历，充分享受资本主义消费模式的年轻人，他们习惯于当月工资当月花。 因而被称为“月光族”(the moonlight group)。“月光族” 一词出现于20世纪

5、90年代后期，是用来讽刺那 些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化 (fast food culture)的 年轻人。China? s economy is developing very quickly, and has brought with it a culture of consumption more prevalent with each passing day. At the same time, it has brought into being an educated group of young people who enjoy capitalist consumpt

6、ion way. They, re used to spending money as soon as they get it every month, and so are called t6the moon-light group” . This word came into being during the 1990s, to make fun of those bom into wealth, who have received a high education, and who appreciate fast food culture. 31.许多刚毕业的大学生找不到工作，在校学生则

7、担心他们的未来。多个调查显 示，三分之二的中国毕业生想在政府或者国有企业工作，而不是为中国令人瞩 目的经济增长提供动力的民营企业。政府和国有企业被认为能免受经济萧条的 影响。如今几乎没有大学生愿意放弃政府的铁饭碗而下海、加入初创企业或自 己创业。Many recent college graduates can t find a job and students are fearful about their future. Two-thirds of Chinese graduates say they want to work either in the government or sta

8、te-owned firms , which are seen as recession-proof, rather than at the private companies that have powered China s remarkable economic climb, surveys indicate. Few college stmdents today, according to the surveys, are ready to leave the safe shores of government work and jump into the sea to join st

9、artups or go into business.32.孔子(ConfUcius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒 学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。儒学(Confucianism),这个道德和 宗教哲学的大系统建 立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。冯友兰，中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的 权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影 响比作西方的苏格拉底。Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucia

10、nism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung. Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history ofChinese thought, compares Confucius9 influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.35 .过去的七年，中国的房地产(real estate)

11、业经历了前所未有的高速增长。对 于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的 人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一 系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。目前，这些措 施在部分城市已经 取得了初步的成效。In the past seven years, China s real estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortab

12、le place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently

13、, these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities.36 .中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动 从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节(the Lantern Festival),即从农历(lunar calendar)最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢 度春节的 习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为 驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联 (couplets),对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包

14、和探亲访友等。Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday. In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival. New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Year, s Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month. Cust

15、oms and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place. However, New Year s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep

16、away ill fortune and to bring in good luck. And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck. Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends.37 .剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有 一千五百多

17、年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别 流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境，特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装 饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。 中国剪纸在世 界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。Paper cutting is one of China? s most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread part

18、icularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently us

19、ed in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.38 .如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下： 首先，大学生把在校的大多数 时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始 找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大学生之间的竞争也 越来越激烈，这导致任何一名

20、大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议 大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it i

21、s only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students

22、should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.39 .对龙图腾的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、 牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华 民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓 意和团结凝聚的精神。Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8, 000 years. The ancients in

23、 China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese

24、, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.40 .秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通 常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等 节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看 秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常 年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。41 .长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了 巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说:“不到长城非好汉J实际

25、上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统 一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城一一东起山海关，西至嘉 峪关一一大部分都是在明代修建的。The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, its just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without vis

26、iting the Pyramids! Men often say, He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the Great Wall until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in

27、the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.42 .饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的 制作是包括：1)擀皮、2)备馅、3)包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅 嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人 接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说, “更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。Dumplings are one of the Chinese people, s

28、favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saintZhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them.

29、With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. Theres an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplingsv . During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relative

30、s and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year. 43.针

31、灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过 疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是 “内病外治”。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激 烧灼病人的穴位，以达到刺激经络。治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流 传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国 粹二Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral chann

32、elsv theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that u internal diseases are to be treated with extern

33、al therapy”. The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient? s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generati

34、on after generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.” 44.中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国

35、传统体育项 目，承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时 兼容了道家、释家的思想。中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔 并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。后世所称十八般武艺，主 要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺 钩叉等。Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the ar

36、t of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and ucultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing one s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of

37、 Taoism and Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkerspondering of life and the universe. The skills in wielding the

38、 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords

39、and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.45 .汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具 音、形、意韵的独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现 代汉字的初形。此后，汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶 段。汉字结构“外圆内方“，源于古人”天圆地方”的观念。汉字有五种基本 笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people rem

40、ember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are

41、regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc. Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted i

42、n ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are ” (the horizontal stroke) “ | ” (the vertical stroke),“ / ”(the left-falling stroke),(the right-falling stroke), and “乙”(the turning stroke).46 .中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三 千

43、多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、 戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵 子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵 ”的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were named zhu i

44、n ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the partial

45、 tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or one s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of uHarmony is what mattersv . Chopsticks are highly praised

46、 by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.48 .印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等 等不同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、EK宝、章等。据史料记载，印章 在战国时代已普遍使用。印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻 而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色 铃盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画 题识，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and priva

47、te seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc. According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period （475BC-221BC）. The maki

48、ng of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to repr

49、esent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of China, s unique artworks.49 .天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、 丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、 申、酉、戊、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数， 而两个朔望月约是60天。古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同 年份，60年为一个轮回。干支纪年法从古沿用至今。按干支纪年法，2011年便 是辛卯年。“ten Heavenly Stems, ” 2011 is the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ t