:原发性肝癌新辅助治疗的共识与争议.docx
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1、最新:原发性肝癌新辅助治疗的共识与争议摘要 术后复发是影响肝癌手术切除疗效提高的主要障碍,新辅助治疗是提高手术疗效的一种治疗模式。近年来,随着系统抗肿瘤治疗的进步,肝癌新辅 助治疗领域的探索日渐活跃。新辅助治疗具有降低肿瘤负荷、提前消灭肝 内播散的微转移灶、及早测试药物治疗敏感度等优势,但同时存在治疗后 肿瘤进展或毒副反应致病人失去手术切除机会的风险。目前肝癌领域新辅 助治疗的探索还停留在单臂探索性研究阶段,其中免疫检查点抑制剂单独 使用或其与分子靶向药物的联合是目前新辅助治疗主要探索的方案。今后 需要协作开展多中心的大型随机对照研究,从而阐明新辅助治疗领域的诸 多关键问题,包括新辅助治疗相比
2、直接手术或手术续贯辅助治疗是否可以 让病人额外获益,探索通过生物标记物筛选合适的病人接受新辅助治疗以 及使用病理学缓解作为长期疗效的替代终点等。解决这些问题,更需要多 学科的协作,以高质量完成临床研究,帮助提高手术切除的疗效。无论在全球范围内还是在我国,原发性肝癌的发病率和病死率均位于恶性 肿瘤的前列。肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma , HCC )是原发性肝 癌最主要的病理学类型(如无特殊说明,本文所讨论的肝癌均为肝细胞癌工 对于早-中期肝癌,即中国肝癌分期(CNLC ) I a、I b和Ua期的肝癌, 国家卫生健康委员会原发性肝癌诊疗指南(2022年版)(以下简称
3、指 南)推荐首选手术切除1 L这些病人肝功能和全身情况良好、肝内 肿瘤治疗的有效性的金标准还是病人的OS,但对于可切除的肝癌病人, 术后中位OS往往 5年。术后RFS可以一项替代终点,但随访获得成熟 的RFS数据仍需要较长时间的随访5,让新辅助治疗的探索变得比较困 难。病理学缓解的数据在手术切除后即可以获得,在多个实体瘤领域已被 认为可作为长期疗效的替代指标,可以帮助更快地评估新辅助治疗的疗效41 L目前,对于肝癌而言,追求新辅助治疗后达到pCR仍然不现实, MPR可能是合适的替代终点。但正如表2所列举的新辅助的研究,MPR 的定义各异,还需要找到肿瘤细胞存活或坏死的百分比的最佳截点来标准 化
4、肝癌的MPR认定,从而可以横向比较各个治疗方案,并且作为RFS或 OS的有效替代终点,让新辅助治疗的研究更容易开展。4 结语总之,在系统抗肿瘤治疗和局部治疗的帮助下,肝癌的新辅助治疗领域充 满着希望,但面临着多个挑战。相比较以往,目前更需要多学科协作,为 肝癌的新辅助提供有效方案,进而提高手术切除的疗效。参考文献1 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会医政医管局.原发性肝癌诊疗指南(2022年版)J .中国实用外科杂志,2022 ,42 ( 3 ): 241 -273.2 Wang Z , Ren Z , Chen Y , et al.Adjuvant transarterial chemoemb
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