中考英语阅读突破.pdf

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1、（目 前 xuwei540022用 户 以 为 广 大 师 生 准 备 一 系 列 中 考 英 语 突 破 系 列-语 法-听 说-阅 读-写 作-基 础 unit1unit20,欢 迎 下 载）（本 系 列 资 料 非 课 本 仅 供 中 考 复 习）谢 谢 中 考 英 语 单 项 突 破 阅 读 中 考 英 语“阅 读 理 解”题 主 要 是 考 查 考 生 综 合 运 用 所 学 语 言 知 识 的 能 力，包 括 阅 读 能 力、理 解 能 力、归 纳 概 括 能 力、逻 辑 推 理 能 力 以 及 对 材 料 的 评 估 能 力 等。很 多 同 学 在 做 题 时 常 常 有 一 种

2、“读 得 懂 做 不 对”的 感 觉。首 先，中 考 试 题 中 的 阅 读 文 章 题 材 多 样（涉 及 政 治 经 济、社 会 文 化、风 俗 习 惯、历 史 地 理、科 学 技 术 等 各 个 方 面），体 裁 形 式 丰 富（包 括 记 叙 文、说 明 文、议 论 文、应 用 文 以 及 新 闻 报 道、广 告、通 知、操 作 说 明、表 格 等），这 就 需 要 考 生 在 平 时 对 各 方 面 的 知 识 都 有 所 积 累，迎 合 中 考 命 题 趋 势。其 次，阅 读 理 解 主 要 是 考 查 考 生 综 合 运 用 所 学 语 言 知 识 的 能 力，包 括 阅 读、理

3、 解、归 纳 概 括、逻 辑 推 理 以 及 对 材 料 的 评 估 能 力 等。在 阅 读 技 巧 上，考 生 要 了 解 文 章 的 个 别 词 或 句 子、文 章 的 某 细 节 或 情 节、文 章 的 主 题、文 章 的 背 景 知 识、文 章 的 结 论 或 结 局、文 章 内 涵 的 寓 意 等。第 三，从 问 题 设 置 上 可 以 将 问 题 总 结 为 四 种 类 型：（一）直 接 题 目：这 种 题 目 比 较 简 单，只 要 通 读 全 文，了 解 文 中 所 叙 述 的 重 要 事 实 或 细 节，就 可 以 解 答 出 来，有 的 甚 至 可 以 从 文 章 的 原

4、句 中 直 接 找 到 答 案。（二）理 解 性 问 题：要 求 对 文 中 个 别 难 词、关 键 词、词 组 或 句 子 做 出 解 释。解 答 这 类 题 目 时 需 要 对 有 关 的 上 下 文，甚 至 整 篇 文 章 的 内 容 建 立 准 确、立 体 的 理 解 才 能 做 出 正 确 答 案。在 这 里 教 给 大 家 一 个 对 付 看 不 懂 的 单 词 的 方 法，就 是 猜 词，怎 么 猜？如 何 猜？这 是 有 一 定 的 方 法 和 技 巧 的，根 据 文 章 中 所 提 到 的 线 索，进 行 推 理 猜 词。When you read,you will find

5、 some new words.What should you do?You can look up the wordsin the dictionary,but it will take you much time.Sometimes you can guess a new word becauseyou know some of the parts of the new words.For example,a writer means a person writessomething.Sometimes it is not enough to know the part of a new

6、word to understand it,but it mayhelp you a lot.1.I want to open the can of beans.Where is the opener?A.开 门 人 B.开 罐 器 C.开 关 D.更 开 放 的 2.John gave his sister a pair of large green and black shoes for her birthday.It was really an oddpresent.A.贵 的 B.奇 特 的 C.精 致 的 D.好 的 3.A fish takes oxygen with his g

7、i l l.鱼 鳏（三）推 理 性 题 目：这 种 题 目 考 生 往 往 不 能 直 接 从 文 中 找 到 答 案，而 需 要 根 据 上 下 文 及 其 相 互 间 的 关 系 或 对 整 篇 文 章 进 行 深 层 理 解 后，才 能 找 到 答 案。有 时 甚 至 还 得 考 虑 作 者 的 主 旨、倾 向 等 因 素 加 以 推 理，才 能 获 得 正 确 答 案。（四）概 括 性 题 目：要 求 考 生 在 阅 读 和 理 解 全 文 的 基 础 上 对 文 章 做 出 归 纳、概 括 或 评 价。解 这 种 题 目 时，不 能 只 凭 文 中 的 只 言 片 语 而 断 章 取

8、 义，比 如 涉 及 文 章 的 标 题、主 题、结 论、结 局 等 有 关 问 题，都 需 要 在 细 读 全 文 的 基 础 匕 结 合 所 学 语 言 知 识、背 景 知 识、生 活 常 识、专 业 知 识 进 行 逻 辑 思 维 推 理 判 断，从 而 获 取 文 章 中 内 含 的 信 息。重 点 词 汇：Mainly/From the text we know that./whole/what can you infer from this passage?在 看 具 体 阅 读 文 章 之 前，我 还 想 和 大 家 探 讨 一 个 问 题，当 你 拿 到 一 篇 阅 读 文 章

9、 的 时 候，你 是 先 看 文 章 还 是 先 看 后 面 的 题 目 呢？在 这 里 我 只 想 对 你 说，你 的 习 惯 是 先 看 文 章 也 好，还 是 先 看 题 目 也 罢，都 可 以，只 要 你 按 照 自 己 的 这 种 习 惯 就 好，我 只 想 对 在 座 的 同 学 们 说，无 论 你 是 先 看 文 章，还 是 先 看 题 目，在 这 里 希 望 大 家 注 意 的 是，在 此 之 前 第 零 个 步 骤 就 是 先 花 1秒 钟 的 时 间 扫 看 一 下 文 章 的 中 文 注 视 词 和 文 章 的 题 目，这 对 你 做 文 章 多 少 是 有 一 定 的

10、帮 助 的。还 有 我 要 强 调 的 就 是：文 章 题 目 百 分 之 八 十 都 会 出 现 在 以 下 三 个 地 方：1 全 文 的 首 段 2 每 段 的 首 句 3 全 文 的 末 句 换 言 之，这 几 处 大 家 一 定 要 读 懂、读 透。还 有 以 下 给 大 家 总 结 了 一 些 在 阅 读 当 中 出 现 的 一 些 关 键 的 词，这 些 词 周 围 往 往 也 是 比 较 容 易 出 考 题 的 地 方 所 在。1.表 示 转 折 关 系 的：but,however,2.表 示 原 因 的：because,for3.表 示 结 果 的：so,so that4.一

11、 些 重 要 的 形 容 词 和 短 语：important,more than,in surprise5.表 示 强 调 等 感 情 色 彩 强 烈 的 词：must,have to,do6.表 示 顺 序 的 词：First.Second.Third.Unit OnePart OnePassage AOne day a large rock（岩 石）fell down from a mountain.The rock rolled（滚）down andstopped in the middle of a road in a village.It was like a big ball.So

12、me of the strongest men in the village tried to lift the rock.They did their best but theycouldnt move it away.They tried to push it,they tired to roll it,they tried to pull it with ropes,butnothing worked.Well,they agreed,theres nothing we can do about it.Well have to buildanother road.At the time

13、a young boy about 12 years old was standing by.Excuse me,“he said,Hbut Ithink I can help you move the rock.You?they shouted.What are you talking about?All of us have just tried,and eventogether we cant move it at all.The men all laughed at the boy.The next morning some people came into the road.One

14、of them shouted,MThe rock is gone.More people ran out into the road to see for them-selves.It was true.The rock wasnt on the roadany more.It wasnt even near the road.In fact,no one could see the rock anywhere.This is impossible.1 they said.Where has it gone?*The twelve-year-old boy stood out,smiling

15、.nI told you I could move it,he said.I did it last night.You see,he said.I dug a deep hole next to the rock and the rock rolleddown into the hole by itself.Then I covered it with the earth.*1.What happened in the village one d a y?f e l l down from the mountain.A.A little boy B.A big rockC.The stron

16、gest men D.Some people2.The strongest men in the village could do nothing about the rock becauseA.they were lazy B.they were strong enoughC.the rock was too big D.they thought someone else could3.When the villagers heard the boys words,they f e l t.A.happy B.sadC.surprised D.afraid4.The next morning

17、,the people in the village f o u n d.A.the boy lost B.no rock on the roadC.the rock was still there D.the boy was digging a hole5.From the story,we know that sometimes children are than men.A.stronger B.clevererC.more interesting D.more careful参 考 答 案：BCCBBPassage B(B)The English language is differe

18、nt from any other language.Yet English words do not stay thesame.The language is always changing.We need new words for new inventions and new ideas.Different words come into use,or older words are used in a new way.English can change by borrowing words from other languages,tomato was borrowed fromMe

19、xico,the word coffee1 came from Turkey,and tea*came from China.Now new space andscience words are being borrowed from other countries,too.New words are also made by adding two words together.nPostman and grandfather arewords made up of two parts.Sometimes new words are shorter forms of older words.T

20、he word photo was made fromphotograph by cutting off the end of the longer word.Plane*was made by cutting off the frontpart of airplane,Smog was made by using only the first two and last two letters from the wordssmoke and fog.The names of people and products can become new words.Our sandwich was na

21、med after aman named Sandwich.6.The English language needs new w o r d s.A.to make it more beautiful B.to make up some storiesC.to keep up with other languages D.for new inventions and new ideas7.The passage makes you think t h a t.A.all the new words are borrowed from other languagesB.languages do

22、not stay the same all the timeC.the English language has more words than other languagesD.all older words are used in a new way8.On the whole,the passage is a b o u t.A.borrowing words from other languagesB.naming new productsC.the development of the English languageD.the old English9.The word coffe

23、e is an example to show t h a t.A.the English language is always changing very fastB.English can change by borrowing words from other languagesC.English is not as perfect as some other languagesD.sometimes new words are shorter forms of older words10.Which of the following is true?A.New words in the

24、 English language come into being in different ways.B.New English words must be longer than the older ones.C.All the languages except English always stay the same.D.None of the languages in the world are changing.参 考 答 案：DBCBAPassage C（C）Today,roller-skating is easy and fun.But a long time ago,it wa

25、snt easy at all.Before 1750,no one had any ideas of roller-skating.That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin.Heliked to make things and play the violin（小 提 琴）in his free time.Joseph Merlin was a man ofideas and dreams.People called him a dreamer.One day Merlin was invited to a party.He was v

26、ery pleased and a little excited.As the day ofthe party came near,Merlin began to think how to make an amazing entrance at the party.He hadan idea.He thought every-one at the party would show much interest if he could skate into theroom.Merlin tried different ways to make himself roll.Finally,he dec

27、ided to put two wheels undereach shoe.These were the first roller skates.Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamedof arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin.On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin.Everyone was verysurprised to see him.There

28、was just one problem.Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates.Herolled on and on.Suddenly,he ran into a huge mirror（镜 子）that was hanging on the wall.Themirror fell down,breaking into pieces.Merlins idea was so good that nobody forgot his specialentrance for a long time.But could he find out a way

29、 to stop his roller skates?11.The passage is mainly（主 要 地）a b o u t.A.a careless man B.a wonderful dreamC.the birth of roller skates D.the birth of violins12.People thought Merlin was a dreamer because h e.A.dreamed day and night B.liked making thingsC.was an interesting man D.was full of strange id

30、eas13.Merlin wanted t o,so he put wheels under his shoes.A.play the violin well B.arrive at the party soonerC.be taller than the others D.surprise the people at the party14.What did the writer want to tell us in the last paragraph?A.Merlin made a lot of trouble.B.Roller skates should be improved.C.T

31、he people were angry with Merlin.D.Merlin was strong enough to break the mirror into pieces.15.Which of the following is true?A.Nothing happened to Merlin at the party.B.Merlin made a surprising entrance that day.C.No one noticed Merlin when he entered the room.D.Merlin couldnt sleep well because he

32、 dreamed a lot.参 考 答 案：CDDBBPart two(A)When David Williams left the college(大 学),he went to Australia.When he returned toEngland for a visit twenty years later,he decided to go back to his old college.David was very glad when he found out that his old college teacher was still teaching there.He went

33、 to visit the old man,and after they had an interesting talk,the teacher went out to getsomething.While he was away,David saw an exam paper on the desk.He looked at the date on itand saw that it was given to the students a week ago.David picked the paper up and read it.When the teacher came back,Dav

34、id said to him,Mr.Smith,Im sure that these are right thesame questions that you asked us in our exams twenty years ago!How is that possible?Yes,thats right,n agreed the teacher.The questions are the same,but the answers havechanged.1.David went to after he left the college.A.England B.AustraliaC.ano

35、ther college D.his teachers office2.David felt when he found out that his college teacher was still teaching there.A.worried B.sorryC.surprised D.happy3.The students took the same e x a m.A.twenty years ago B.while Davids teacher was awayC.a week ago D.while Davids read the paper4.Can you guess why

36、the teacher still used the same exam paper twenty years later?BecauseA.times have changed,answers have changed,tooB.different students have the same answersC.the students like to the examD.the teacher loved his students very much参 考 答 案：BDCAPassage BBMabel is a cashier（收 银 员）in a big shop in New Yor

37、k.People can buy medicine,watches,sweets,and many other things.They pay Mabel for the things they buy.At the shop people can also buy lottery tickets（彩 票）.They pay one dollar for a lottery ticket.There are pictures on the ticket.Some pictures are winning pictures,and some pictures are losingpictures

38、.Most people win nothing.Some people win two dollars.A few lucky people winthousands of dollars.One day Mabel was working at the shop.She sold three lottery tickets to a woman.Thewoman looked at the pictures on the tickets.Then she threw the tickets on the counter（柜 台）andwalked away.These are losing

39、 tickets,she thought.Mabel picked up the tickets and looked at them.She was surprised.Then she was excited（兴 奋 的）.One ticket was a winning ticket!Excuse me!Mabel called to the woman.You won$50,000!nThe woman came back to the counter.She took the winning ticket and looked at it.Youreright,she said.I

40、won$50,000.H The woman walked away slowly,looking at the ticket again andagain.Then she turned around.nThank you!Thank you very much!she said to Mabel.Why did Mabel give the woman the ticket?Why didnt she keep the ticket?Didnt she wantthe$50,000?“Of course I wanted the money/Mabel said.nBut it was h

41、er ticket.It wasnt my ticket.Well,Tm sorry that you arent rich,her mother said.But Im happy that youre honest（诚 实）5.M abel at the big shop.A.receives and pays out moneyC.helps people choose things6.One lottery ticket c o s t s.A.nothingC.two dollarsB.puts things on the shelvesD.carries things for ol

42、d peopleB.three dollarsD.one dollar7.The woman was lucky b e c a u s e.A.all her three tickets were winning ticketsB.all her three tickets were losing ticketsC.Mabel found the winning ticket and gave it back to herD.she found the winning ticket herself8.Mabel didnt keep the winning ticket b e c a u

43、s e.A.she won$50,000,tooB.her mother told her not to do soC.she didnt want to have anything that was not hersD.her mother was very rich参 考 答 案：ADCCPassage C（C）Jeff Keith has only one leg.When he was 12 years old,Jeff had cancer（癌 症）.Doctors hadto cut off most of his right leg.Every day Jeff puts on

44、an artificial leg（man-made leg）.The leg isplastic（塑 胶）.With the plastic leg Jeff can ski（滑 雪），ride a bicycle,swim,and play soccer.Hecan also run.When he was 22 years old,Jeff Keith ran across the United States,from the East to the West.He started running in Boston on April 1.He stopped running in Lo

45、s Angeles.He ran 5,150kilometers;thats about 26 kilometers each day.Jeff wore out 36 pairs of running shoes and fiveplastic legs.Jeff stopped in cities on the way to Los Angeles.In every city people gave Jeff money.Themoney was not for Jeff.It was for the American Cancer Society（美 国 癌 症 协 会）.The Ame

46、ricanCancer Society used the money to learn about cancer.On the way to Los Angeles Jeff talked to people about cancer.He also talked about beingdisabled（伤 残）.Jeff is disabled,but he can do many things:he skis,swims,plays soccer,and runs.He finished college and is studying to be a lawyer（律 师）.Jeff sa

47、ys,People can do anything theywant to do.I want people to know that.I ran not only for disabled people.I ran for everybody.9.The money Jeff got on the way to Los Angeles was used f o r.A.helping people who have cancer B.learning about cancerC.helping disabled people D.Jeffs study to be a lawyer10.Th

48、e story tells us t h a t.A.Jeff is a lucky person because everybody gives him moneyB.Jeff is so strong that he can run across AmericaC.disabled people like Jeff always have a kind heartD.Jeff wants to show that disabled people can do anything they want to11.How long did it take Jeff to run from Bost

49、on to Los Angeles?A.Six and a half months more or less.B.More than two hundred days.C.Almost twenty-five weeks.D.Less than half a year.参 考 答 案：BDAPart Three教 学 目 标 1.alone/lonely2.interested/interesting3.选 项 解 析 Passage A（A）Happiness is for everyone.You dont need to care about those people who have

50、beautifulhouses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of moneyand so on.Why?Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who havecars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time.In fact,happiness is always around you if you put