中考英语阅读理解分类解读1.pdf

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1、中 考 英 语 阅 读 理 解 分 类 解 读 中 考 英 语 阅 读 理 解 分 类 解 读 兼 选 编 2008年 各 地 中 考 英 语 阅 读 理 解 试 题 山 东 张 贵 福 文 章 来 源：2008年 下 半 年 度 试 题 与 研 究 一、人 物 故 事 类【命 题 趋 势】人 物 故 事 以 记 述 人 物 生 平 故 事 为 主。体 裁 一 般 是 记 叙 文，包 含 记 叙 文 的 时 间、地 点、人 物、事 件 等 要 素。写 作 手 法 多 采 用 时 间、空 间 或 逻 辑 线 索 贯 穿 文 章 始 终。命 题 以 细 节 为 主，推 理 为 辅。近 年 来，人

2、物 传 记 类 阅 读 文 章 在 高 中 阅 读 理 解 题 中 有 所 减 少。【应 试 对 策】人 物 故 事 类 文 章 多 为 记 叙 文，为 了 支 撑 所 要 描 述 的 人 物，短 语 往 往 会 出 现 大 量 细 节，这 些 细 节 有 时 很 直 接，理 解 字 面 意 思 即 可，有 时 则 很 间 接，需 要 综 合、归 纳、推 理 才 能 判 断。准 确 理 解 细 节 是 做 好 这 类 题 的 关 键。那 么，怎 样 准 确 理 解 细 节 呢？首 先，从 问 题 中 找 到 关 键 词；然 后 以 此 为 线 索，运 用 略 读 和查 阅 的 技 巧 在 文

3、中 迅 速 找 细 节；找 到 后 再 把 这 一 部 分 内 容 仔 细 阅 读，认 真 比 较 选 项 和 文 中 细 节 的 区 别；最 后，在 正 确 理 解 细 节 的 前 提 下，确 定 最 佳 答 案。【典 型 考 题】When we asked students what they want to be,they often talkJ7 Jabout unusual jobs,things like teachers and doctors.But if you thinkabout it,many people don t plan to do their jobs.The

4、y just startdoing them by accident.We have talked to two people with unusualjobs.Emily is a dentist but she doesn t work with people.She workswith horses.After university she took care of animal s health forseveral years,but she notices that there were few people who couldhelp horses teeth.She deici

5、de to go to college and study again.Then she had to buy special tools,but she is never out of work.She d always very busy taking care of horses，teeth,“icouldn tbe a dentist for people now,“Emily said,because I really enjoyworking with horses.”As soon as David could read,he read books about robots,bu

6、t therobots he build today don t look like the strange robot people in hisbooks.He build robots for industry.Early one he made up his mindto study math,science and computers so that he could break into theworld of robot engineering.Some of the math is very difficult.”say David,“but you must study ma

7、th to be an engineer.”Fortunately he got top marks in all his math exams.1.Emily doesn t want to be a dentist b e c a u s e.A.the pay is low B.she has to buy special toolsC.she will be out of work D.she likes working withhorses2.To become a robot engineer,D a v i d.A.need to worry B.bought a lot of

8、robotsC.had to study hard D.didn t have to go to college3.David got top marks in all his math exams,althoughA.math was not easy to studyB.he has to study math to be an engineerC.he could break into the world of robot engineeringD.he made up his mind to study math,science and computers(2008年 天 津 市 初

9、中 毕 业 生 学 业 考 试 试 卷)(2)One day when J ack was walking in the park,he saw a woman,who lived a few miles away,sitting on a bench with a dog beside her.The dog was looking up at the woman.Jack walked up to the woman and said,Hello,Sue,how are you?May I sit and talk with you for a while?Of course,please

10、 sit down,Sue said.Jack sat down next to Sue on the bench,and they talkedquietly together.The dog continued to look up at Sue,as if waiting tobe fed.Thats a nice dog,isnt he?Jack said,pointing at the animal.Yes,he is.Hes handsome.Hes a bit of a mixture,but thats nota bad thing.Hes strong and healthy

11、.And hungry,Jack said.He hasnt taken his eyes off you.Hethinks youve got some food for him.Thats true,Sue said.But I havent.They both laughed and then Jack said,Does your dog bite?No,Sue said,Hes never bitten anyone.Hes always gentle andfriendly.JHearing this,Jack decided to hold out his hand and to

12、uched theanimals head.Suddenly it jumped up and bit him.Hey!Jack shouted.You said your dog didnt bite.Sue replied in surprise,Yeah,I did.But this is not my dog.Mydogs at home.4.The dog looked at the woman b e c a u s e.A.the woman wanted to feed himB.the woman was friendJlyC.he was strong and health

13、yD.he was hungry5.J ack and Sue w e r e.A.friends B.next-door neighborsC.strangers D.in the same family6.Jack touched the dog because he b e l i e v e d.A.the dog was handsomeB.Sues dog was unfriendlyC.the dog belonged to SueD.Sues dog was at home7.We can infer form the passage t h a t.A.Sue gave a

14、wrong answerB.Jack made a mistakeC.the dog wasnt dangerousD.both Jack and Sue liked the dog8.Which of the Following can be the best title of the passage?A.A Wrong Question B.Sues DogC.A pleasant Meeting D.Sues Friend（2008年 武 汉 市 初 中 毕 业 生 学 业 考 试）参 考 答 案：1 5DCADA 6-8 CBA二、社 会 文 化 类【命 题 趋 势】语 言 是 社 会

15、 文 化 的 重 要 载 体。学 习 英 语 的 目 的 之 一 就 是“提 高 初 步 运 用 英 语 进 行 交 际 的 能 力，增 强 对 外 国 文 化，特 别 是 英 语 国 家 文 化 的 了 解”。因 此，社 会 文 化 类 试 题 出 现 在 高 考 试 卷 中 是 必 然 的。社 会 文 化 类 文 章 的 命 题 有 以 下 趋 势：1.以 中 西 文 化 差 异 作 为 选 材 的 重 点。如 礼 仪、语 言、生 活 习 惯、世 界 观、价 值 观 等 为 主 题。题 材 涉 及 社 会、文 化、教 育、体 育 等 方 面 的 内 容。2.一 般 一 篇 文 章 一 个

16、主 题。以 议 论 文、记 叙 文 居 多。3.命 题 方 面，既 重 主 旨 把 握，又 重 特 定 细 节，时 有 推 断。【应 试 对 策】对 英 语 语 言、社 会、文 化 的 了 解 是 一 个 长 期 的 过 程，在 复 习 时 要 注 意：1.重 视 英 语 词 汇、语 法 和 习 惯 用 法 的 掌 握。在 复 习 过 程 加 强 对 语 言 基 础 知 识 的 掌 握。对 于 普 通 中 学 毕 业 生 来 说，应 具 备 2000 3500的 词 汇 量，并 掌 握 其 词 类、意 思 和 基 本 用 法。掌 握 句 子 结 构 和 句 子 成 分 之 间 的 关 系。熟

17、悉 固 定 词 组、固 定 搭 配 等 约 定 俗 成 的 语 法 项 目。2.扩 展 文 化 背 景 知 识，认 真 研 读 历 届 高 考 题。从 近 五 年 的 高 考 题 看，阅 读 内 容 的 社 会 实 用 性 越 来 越 强，更 重 视 语 言 和 文 化 的 关 系，阅 读 材 料 会 更 多 地 涉 及 社 会 化 背 景 知 识。因 此，要 通 过 阅 读 更 多 地 涉 及 社 会 文 化 背 景 知 识，要 通 过 阅 读 更 多 地 了 解 并 丰 富 自 己 的 知 识。同 时，要 认 真 研 读 近 五 年 的 高 考 篇 目，增 加 语 言 经 验，适 应 选

18、材 特 点，熟 悉 题 材 和 体 裁。了 解 设 问 形 式，感 悟 设 问 特 点。3.广 泛 涉 猎，丰 富 消 遣 阅 读。【典 型 考 题】(1)际 第 二;武:、阅 读 短 文，根 据 其 内 容，选 择 最 佳 选 项 完 成 下 列 各 7 2.o(.10 刀 乂.1.Beijing Opera is also called Peking Opera.It came into being after1790 when the famous four Anhuj opera troupes戏.班)came to.Beiiing.Its music and singing(唱 腔)

19、come from Xipi and Erhuang inAnhui and Hubei.Its cosmrnes are all fascinating and artistic.It is thehighest expression of the Chinese culture.It s lull of famous stories,beautiful racial paintings,and wonderful gestures and fighting.Thiskind of opera is very popular with Chinese people.There are fou

20、r main roles in Ieiiing Opera:Sheng,Dan,Jing andChou.Sheng is the leadin若 male(男 性)actor.For example,a Wu.shengis a soldier or fighter.A Xiaosheng is a vpung man.A Laosheng is anold man.Dan is the female(女 性)role.Jing,mostly male,is theface-painted role.and Chou is tne comedy actor of clown.Stories

21、in Beiiing Opera are ven?interesting.Some of them arefrom the histoty book,but most of them are fr()m the literature,especially famous novels.The people in the story usually have somedisagreements.They become angry and unhappy.They are sad andlonely.Sometimes they are nervous and worried.Then they f

22、ind a wayto make peace.The stories usually end with happiness andlaughter aridpeople are all happv in the e n d.f)56.Beijing c)pera s singing is from_.A.Annul ana Hubei B.Beijing and AnhuiC.the history book 井 D.the literature and novels()57.The second 踝 ragraph(段 洛)of the reading is about the_ of Be

23、ijing Opera.A.stories B.roles C.gestures D.paintings()58.From the reading；,we know the role Chou most probably hasa(n)_ feature.A.honest BTTunny C.dull D.serious()59.Which of the following is the role Sheng?A.B.C.D.()60.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Peking Opera is full of different ge

24、stures.B.There are only.four roles in Beiiing Opera.联 C筹.Beij周 ing穗 Op免 era 第 is th箕 e m苒 ost地 po襄 pula瞿 r in警 tne誓 w瞿 or贽 ld.完 成 下 列 各 题。(10 分).F,October 16 is World.Food Dav.This day is also the anniversary(5&念 日 J of,the United Nations Food and A先 culture Organization(联 合 国 粮 农 组 织 J.More than 10

25、0 countries are holding specialevents.All ofthese aim to celebrate tlje e源 b“shfflen of the F.O in1945.The theme chosen for this year s World Food Day is Water:Sourcef)of Food Security:A UN report says that over 6 million people have died from hungerand related diseases so far this year alone.More t

26、han 850 millionpeople,or about one in seven,around the world do nqt get enoughrood,and the need for food will increase as the world s populationgrows.The UN also reports that by year 2030,the world may needo0%more food.Most of that increase wilHiave to come fromagriculture supported by water irrigat

27、ion（灌）既）.However,fresh wateris already in snort supply in many countries.Jacques Diouf,the director of the FAO,says that there are 20countries that do not have enough water to produce enough food fortheir populations.Ten nations use more than 40%of their total freshwater for agriculture.He fears tha

28、t the problem will only becomeworse as the need for water by people and by industry grows.So wateris one of the most important things in the vbrld today.”（）61.The underlined（圆 线 的）word establishment has thesame meaning as,.A.picking up B.making up C.cutting upJ D.setting up.）62.In the world,more tha

29、n_people have diedecause of hunger this year.A.6 milfion B.2 million C.850 million D.100million（）63.What Mr.Diouf says shows that he most worriesabout A“A.the future of the FAO B.the short of waterC.the overgrowth of population D.the development ofthe environment.、一（）64.The reading above implies（暗 示

30、）that 一,.A.fresh water Tor us is quite enough B.the world spopulation is getting smallerC.we will need more water to irrigate D.industry is the mostimportant thing today.（;65.The passage is mainly about.A.how to celebrate World Food Day B.the increase offood in many countries C.the importance of wat

31、er for food D.the UN Food and人 叫 般 堂 翼 睇 啜 0 8年 初 中 毕 业 生 学 业 考 试）（2）Bargaining is the rule here in Beijing.At least,it is so in mostmarkets and back-street clothes shops.Bargaining is an art and if youare unfamiliar（不 熟 悉）with it,wed like to offer you some advice.Thetips（窍 门）here are often used in

32、Beijing but may help you at any placein the world where bargaining is practiced.DO NOT say how much you want to pay for an item（物 品）unless it s near the end of the bargaining.Always try and drop thesellers offering price as much as possible before opening your mouthwith a price.DO throw out really l

33、ow prices like 10 RMB with a big smile.DO keep smiling from the beginning to the end.The sellerusually continues bargaining with a happy smiling face.Getting angryhardly gets you the price you want.KEEP in mind the price offered by the seller at the beginning isusually at least 40%over the generally

34、 reasonable price.It can be up to500%over.DO have an idea of what the item costs.You can ask your friends,people in the hotel or others you know,or look at the list below.Thisis very general and is based（根 据）on a market like Xiu Shui.You maynot be able to get the lowest prices at Xiu Shui,especially

35、 on aweekend when there are lots of tourists around.56.Who is this passage written for?A.Owners of back-street shops.B.Businessmenin Beijing.C.Those who are good at bargaining.D.Those whotravel in Beijing.57.What is the topic the writer is mainly talking about in thispassage?A.Beijing markets.B.Barg

36、aining tips.C.Lowest price s.D.Seller s offer.58.What is the most important thing to do in bargaining with theseller?A.Keep smiling.B.Be patient.C.Don t get angry.D.Don t sayanything.59.VCliat is NOT included in the tips often used to bargain inBeijing?A.Find out the true price and go to the markets

37、 with friends.B.Don t offer your price until the end of the bargaining with asmile.C.Drop the seller s offering price four or five times（倍）untilhe agrees.D.Don t go to markets at the time when there are too manytourists.60.Which of the following can help you get an item you want atthe lowest price?A

38、.Whenever you go shopping,take a price list with you.B.You can bargain for anything at the price of 10 RMB.C.The price range（范 围）for you to bargain is usually between40%and 500%.D.Xiu Shui Market is the biggest shopping center where pricesare always reasonable.（2008年 湖 北 省 宜 昌 市 初 中 毕 业 生 学 业 考 试）（3

39、）C.Choose the best answer（根 据 短 文 内 容,选 择 最 恰 当 的 答 案）:（6 分）The tradition of birthday parties started a long time ago.There aresome traditions that you can find almost anywhere,anytime,such assending birthday cards,blowing out the candles on a birthday cake andsinging the Happy Birthday song.Others

40、are only found forcertain ages and in certain countries.In China,on a child s second birthday,family members putmany things on the floor around the child.According to Chinesetradition,the first thing that the child picks up tells you whatprofession the child will choose later in life.For Japanese ch

41、ildren,the third,fifth and seventh birthdays areespecially important.At this age,there is a special celebrationShichi-Go-San（seven,five,three in Japanese）when children go to thetemple wearing a new kimono（和 服）.The priest（僧 侣）gives themspecial sweets,and the parents usually organize a party for their

42、 friendsin their home.In Argentina,Mexico and several other Latin American countries,girls have a special birthday celebration when they reach the age offifteen.After a special ceremony(仪 式)，the girls dance a waltz withtheir father and other boys.Eighteen is the traditional coming of age 一 the age w

43、hen(inmany countries)you have the right to vote(选 举)，join the army and(in Britain)drink alcohol or buy a house.In many English-speaking countries,a twenty-first birthday cakeoften has a key on top,or the cake itself is sometimes in the shape of akey.The key means that the young person is now old eno

44、ugh to leaveand enter the family home at any time they want to!84.Which of the following birthday traditions can be found almostanywhere,anytime?A)Putting many things on the floor.B)Wearing a newkimono.C)Dancing a waltz.D)Sending birthdaycards.85.The usually organize a party at children s specialbir

45、thday celebration in Japan.A)priests B)parents C)friends D)relatives86.Mexican girls have a special birthday celebration at the age ofA)five B)seven C)fifteen D)twenty-one87.In many countries you can when you reach the age ofeighteen.A)join the army B)have a keyC)have a special ceremony D)have speci

46、al sweets88.Which of the following sentences is NOT true?A)The tradition of birthday parties started a long time ago.B)Some birthday traditions are only found in certain countries.C)You become the owner of your house at the age of fifteen.D)In many countries you have the right to vote at the age ofe

47、ighteen.89.Which is the best title of this passage?A)Birthday Traditions around the WorldB)Chinese Birthday CelebrationsC)J apanese Special CelebrationD)The Drinking Age in Many Countries(2008年 上 海 市 初 中 毕 业 生 统 一 学 业 考 试)(4)You may have known several kinds of police,traffic police,andstreet police.

48、But have you ever heard of energy-saving(节 能)policemen?A group of 22 of these new policemen went to work last week inBeijing.They go around the city to see the use of energy in hotels,office buildings,shopping centers and onther public places.One oftheir aims is to make sure that these sites have se

49、t their airconditioning（空 调）no cooler than 26 C.They also set up a special phone line so that people can tell themwhich buildings fail to follow the rule.“if everyone sets their air conditioning at 26 C,Beijing willsave 400 million kilowatt-hours of electricity in one summer.That sone-third of all t

50、he usage of the city in the season,“said a TVadvertisement.Other Chinese cities,like Wuhan in Hubei Province andYangzhou in Jiangsu Province,are going to follow Beijing s steps insetting up a similar police team.As one of the fastest developing countries,China is using a lot ofenergy.This has a grea