2021-2022学年上海市大同中学高一下学期期中学情调研考试英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、2021学年第二学期期中学情调研高一年级英语学科L Grammar and Vocabulary (30%)Section ADirections: Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given verbs. (20%)1. When(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing their similarities.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】comparing【解析】【详解】考查状语从句

2、的省略。句意：当我们比较不同的文化时，我们往往只关注差异，而没有注意到它 们的相似之处。从句的完整形式为：when we are comparing different cultures,主从句的主语一致，且从句含 有be动词时，可以省略从句中主语及be动词。故填comparing。2. There are a dozen doctors working in the operating room, twice the number(need) for a typical brain operation.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】needed【解析】【详解】考查独立主格。句意：手术室里有

3、十几名医生，是一般脑部手术所需人数的两倍。句中已有谓语 动词，所以用非谓语动词。名词number与need之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词表被动。故填needed。3. The rumor of more employers(involve) in the (丑【同)spread across the city quickly.【答案】involved【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：更多雇主卷入丑闻的谣言在这个城市快速传播。分析句子可知，spread 为谓语动词，设空处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，employers和involve为动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故 填 involved o4.

4、 一Who should be responsible for the accident?一The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order as(tell).(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】told【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意： 谁应该对这次事故负责？ 是老板，不是工人。他们只是执行了 被告知的命令。as状语从句中省略了主语they和系动词were,故填told。5. There was a famous person at the party to whom everyone would like(introduc

5、e).(所给词的 细节理解题。由第四段中的On that first trip, my friends and I were at first unaware of the possibilities of this type of train ticket, thinking it was just an inexpensive way of getting to and from our chosen camp-site in southern France. (在第一次旅行中，我和我的朋友一开始并不知道这种火车票的可能性，认为这只是一种往返于我们选择的 法国南部营地的廉价方式)”可知，作

6、者最初购买国际火车票是因为这种交通方式可以让人便宜到达一个地 方。故选A项。33题详解】细节理解题。由第五段中的 “ But this was a first holiday without parents, as it was for most other Inter-Railers, and in organizing our own timetable we left out everything except the most available sights.(且这是第个没有父母的 假期，就像大多数其他国际旅行者一样，在安排我们自己的时间表时，我们忽略了除了最常见的景点之外 的一切)

7、”可知，作者喜欢没有父母的旅行是因为作者可以自己做决定，安排自己的时间表。故选D项。【34题详解】词句猜测题。由第六段中的 “It is as if the city in which you arrive never actually existed until the train pulls in at the station and you are able to see it with your own tired eyes for the first time.(就好像你到达的城市从未真正存 在过，直到火车进站，你才能够第一次用疲惫的眼睛看到迨”可知，该句关键词是城市，可得出it指代

8、上 文的“城市(The city)0故选B项。(B)The number of devices you can talk to is multiplyingfirst it was your phone, then your car, and now you can boss around your appliances. Children are likely to grow up thinking everything is sentient, or at least interactive: One app developer told The Washington Post that

9、after interacting with Amazons Alexa, his kid started talking to coasters. But even without chatty gadgets, research suggests that under certain circumstances, people anthropomorphize everyday products.We personify things because were lonely. In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated w

10、ere more likely than others to give free will and consciousness to various devices. In turn, feeling attached to objects can reduce loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time theyd been excluded socially, they made up by lying about their number of friends on social networks一unless th

11、ey were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. The phone apparently stood in for real friends.When we personify products, they become harder to cast off. After being asked to evaluate their cars personality, people were less likely to say they i

12、ntended to replace it soon. And anthropomorphizing objects is associated with a tendency to accumulate.So how do people assign characteristics to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are associated with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide fac

13、es as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred themespecially in competitive situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles（格栅）that were upturned like smiles and headlights that were slanted （倾斜的）like narrowed eyes sold best. The purchasers saw these

14、features as increasing a cars friendliness and aggressiveness, respectively. Ifs little wonder so many companies use mascots （吉祥物）to bring brands to life. An analysis of 1,151 brand characters found symbols that were human or humanlike to be common.Personifying products and brands can backfire, howe

15、ver. When a coffee maker was anthropomorphized in an ad （I am Aroma versus just Aroma）, consumers felt betrayed by increases in its price. Now that speech-enabled coffee makers are on the market, maybe the machines can sweet-talk their way back into consumers, hearts.35. The word anthropomorphize” （

16、in paragraph 1） most probably means.A. think highly of somethingB. find a better way to rate somethingC. see something as humansD. use something as often as possible36. For the college students, the interaction with the phone served as a reminder that.A. they were not lonelyB. the phone had human qu

17、alitiesC. they needed real friendsD. the phone was not always necessary37. The writer mentions an analysis of car sales in Germany in order to.A. show that friendliness is better received than aggressivenessB. highlight that a symbol looking like a smile appeals more to peopleC. explain why so many

18、companies use mascots to promote their brandsD. illustrate that people will judge something according to its appearance38. What can be infen*ed from the last paragraph?A. Consumers should know more about a product before it is on the market.B. Products with a mascot are more likely to win consumers*

19、 hearts.C. Increases in a produces price may be accepted with a good ad.D. The personification of a product may not always work.【答案】35.C36. A 37. D 38. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了，我们把日常生活中很多东西拟人化是因为孤独，商家通过把 产品拟人化来提高销售，但是拟人化并不总是凑效。【35题详解】词意猜测题。根据文章第一段最后和第二段开头 But even without chatty gadgets, research su

20、ggests that under certain circumstances, people anthropomorphize everyday products.Wepersonify things because we lonely.（但，研究表明即使没有可以聊天的小玩意儿，人们也会把日常用品 拟人化。我们把东西拟人化是因为我们很孤独）可知，前句中的anthropomorphize和下句中的personify是 同义词，personify意为“赋予人性”，则anthropomorphize也是止匕意。故选C项。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段的 When college stud

21、ents were reminded of a time theyd been excluded socially, they made up by lying about their number of friends on social networks-unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. The phone apparently stood in for real friends.（当大学生被告知在某个时

22、间他们是被社会排斥时，他们会通过在社交媒体上谎报朋友的数量来弥补，除 非一开始给他们的任务是让他们和手机互动，就好像手机有人性。很明显手机是他们真正的朋友）可知， 有了手机大学生们可以欣然接受被社会排斥，这是因为他们把手机当成了朋友，有了朋友就不再感到孤单。 A. they were not lonely （他们不是孤独的）符合以上说法。故选A项。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据本段的中心句 So how do people assign characteristics to an object? In part, we rely on looks. （那么人们如何给一个物体赋予特征呢？在某种程

23、度上，我们依赖于外表）可知，本段陈述的例子都是为 中心句服务的。D. illustrate that people will judge something according to its 叩pearance （阐明人们会通过外表 来判断某些东西）符合以上说法。故选D项。38题详解】推理判断题。根据本段第一句Personifying products and brands can backfire, however.（然而，将产品和品牌 拟人化也可能适得其反）可知，把产品拟人化不是总能行得通的。D. The personification of a product may not alway

24、s work.（一个产品的拟人化不一定总有效）符合题意。故选D项。Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. （8%）What Makes Risk-Takers Tempt Fate?Moments before throwing herse

25、lf off a thousand-foot cliff, Steph Davis feels a surge of fear and excitement. As she pushes away from the edge, these mixed feelings give way to an intense rush, then deep focus. She must position her body just so for her w加gsv（滑翔月艮）to fill with air. Then, she must open her parachute（降落伞）at precis

26、ely the right moment and nail her landing, often within the span of 60 seconds.39 In the face of such fatal consequences, why are some people still drawn to risky attempts? The answer may lie in a complex mix of genetic, environmental and psychological factors.Even before we are bom, our appetite fb

27、r risk may be mapped out in our DNA. Cynthia Thomsons study found that individuals who reported riskier behavior usually shared a similar genetic constitution（构成）.Scientists believe that people with this genetic variant produce more dopamine receptors. So they need to seek out intense situations to

28、bring up their dopamine levels J says Thomson.40 Several studies have shown that risk-taking behavior is linked to the earliest bonds（关系）weform with our primary caretakers. Those with less secure attachments are more likely to engage in dangerous activities.There is the common idea that extreme spor

29、ts enthusiasts are chasing thrills. But Tim Woodman, a professor at the Bangor University in Wales, suggests that it is about something altogether different: emotion regulation. In his view, those who take part in high-risk sports often have difficulty experiencing emotions, a condition called alexi

30、thymia.41Its rewarding because theyve moved from a feeling of inadequacy to a sense of achievement J says Woodman.For years, professional skiers, BASE jumpers, and climbers have argued that they are not reckless（鲁莽的）.42 What people get from extreme sports is deeply transformationala sense of connect

31、ing with a deepsense of self and being authentic, a powerful relationship with the natural world, a sense of freedom. They get a strong sense of living life to its fullest as if touching their full potential.A. Now, research suggests that they are right.B. They seek out extreme sports as a way to ac

32、tually feel.C. Extreme sports such as wingsuiting are gaining popularity.D. However, most scientists agree that personality is a complex mix of environmental and genetic influences.E. They are actually extremely well-prepared athletes with high levels of self-awareness and a deep knowledge of the en

33、vironment.F. According to a study by the University of Colorado School of Medicine, 76 percent of wingsuiters have experienced a close call.【答案】39.F40. D 41. B 42. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为什么冒险者喜欢极限运动的原因。39题详解】F选项“根据科罗拉多大学医学院的一项研究，76%的翼装者经历过死里逃生J承接上文第一段“Shemust position her body just so for her（滑翔服）to

34、 fill with air. Then, she must open her parachute（降落伞）at precisely the right moment and nail her landing, often within the span of 60 seconds.（她必须调整身体的位置，使 她的翼服充满空气。然后，她必须在正确的时刻打开降落伞，并在60秒内完成着陆）”讲翼装者飞行经历， F 选项用科学数据引出下文 “In the face of such fatal consequences, why are some people st川 drawn to risky a

35、ttempts?（面对如此致命的后果，为什么有些人仍然被冒险的尝试所吸引？）”翼装飞行可能带来的致命后果。 故选F项。【40题详解】由上文第三段 “Even before we are born, our appetite for risk may be mapped out in our DNA.（甚至在我们出生 之前，我们对风险的偏好就可能在我们的DNA中被描绘出来）”可知，有科学家认为喜欢冒险的性格早被 基因决定 了， 呼应上文第二段 “The answer may lie in a complex mix of genetic, environmental and psychologi

36、cal factors.（答案可能在于基因、环境和心理因素的复杂组合）”，可得出性格会受到多种因素的影响（不仅限于 基因），D选项“然而，大多数科学家都认为性格是环境和基因影响的复杂组合。”与上文第三段形成转折 关系，讲述影响影响性格的多种因素。故选D项。41题详解】B选项“他们寻求极限运动作为一种真实感受 方式与上文uIn his view, those who take part in high-risk sports often have difficulty experiencing emotions, a condition called alexithymia.（在他看来，那些参加

37、高风险运 动的人往往难以体验情绪，这种情况被称为述情障碍）”是因果关系，因为有些人难以体验情绪，所以寻求 极限运动来感受情绪。故选B项。【42题详解】结合上文用科学研究解释为什么冒险者喜欢极限运动的原因，A选项“现在，研究表明他们是对的。”和下 文 “What people get from extreme sports is deeply transformationala sense of connecting with a deep sense of self and being authentic, a powerful relationship with the natural wo

38、rld, a sense of freedom. They get a strong sense of living life to its fullest as if touching their full potential.（人们从极限运动中获得的是深刻的转变一种与深刻的自我感和真实感相联系的感觉，一种与自然世界的强大关系，一种自由感。他们有一种强烈的充分生活 的感觉，仿佛充分发挥了 自己的潜力）”肯定了 上文 For years, professional skiers, BASE jumpers, and climbers have argued that they are not忆

39、以/ess （鲁莽的）.（多年来，专业滑雪者、跳伞运动员和登山者一直认为他们并不 鲁莽）”所讲的冒险者喜欢极限运动是对的的这个事实。故选A项。III. Words （8%）Directions: Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with the words in their proper forms.43. A child has many fantasy in his mind, when he tries to tell you his（imagine） world, do not scold him.（所

40、给词的适当形式填空）【答案】imaginary【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：孩子的脑子里有很多幻想，当他设法告诉你他的想象世界时，不要责骂他。分析句意可知，此处需要使用动词imagine “想象”的形容词形式imaginary 想象的，虚构的”作定语修饰 world “世界”。故填 imaginary。44. A good story-teller, whose(present) is often not noticed, does not put himself at the center of the story.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】presence【解析】【详解】考查名词

41、。句意：一个善于讲故事的人，他的存在往往不会被注意到，他不会把自己放在故事的 中心。空处用于whose之后，应用名词presence,表示“存在”，为不可数名词，whose presence在非限制性 定语从句中作主语，符合句意。故填presence。45. They are both doctors but that is where the(similar) ends.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】similarity【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：他们都是医生，但他们的相似之处也就仅此而已。分析可知，空处在句中为表 语从句中的主语，所以用名词，similarity “相似点”为可数名词

42、，结合表语从句中ends可知，空处为单数 含义，所以用单数。故填similarity。46. While bears rarely attack, they are wild animals and therefore(predict).(所给词的适当形式 填空)【答案】unpredictable【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管熊很少主动攻击，但他们是野生动物因此难以捉摸。形容词作表语，根 据wild animals可知，野生动物性情难以捉摸,用形容词unpredictable表示“难以捉摸的足 作表语，故填 unpredictable oIV. Translation (18%)Dir

43、ections: Translate the sentences or part of the sentences into English by using the words given in the brackets. (15+15+1.5+L5+3+3+3+3)47 .随着圣诞节的临近，许多家庭开始用彩灯来装饰他们的房子。(approach), many families began to decorate their houses with colored lights.【答案】 With Christmas approaching/As Christmas was approach

44、ing【解析】【详解】考查with的复合结构或者as引导的时间状语从句。with的复合结构：with+宾语+补语，在句中 可以作状语。表示“圣诞节”用Christmas,表示“临近”用动词approach, Christmas与动词approach为主 谓关系，所以空处可以用with Christmas approaching；同时这里也是一个时间状语从句，结合主句began, 所以时态用过去进行时表示动作即将发生，用as Christmas was approaching,故答案为：With Christmas approaching/As Christmas was approaching

45、 o48 .公司加倍致力于保护隐私，引进一系列工具，以防止广告商跟踪手机用户。(double)The companyto protect privacy with the introduction of tools toprevent advertisers from tracking its mobile phone users.【答案】doubled its efforts【解析】【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用动词短语double ones efforts “加倍努力”，主 语是company,应用its,句子陈述的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填doubled

46、 its efforts。49 .民意调查显示，美国民众对这条新政策的意见存在分歧，有48%的人反对，40%的人支持。(divide) Public opinion polls show that Americans, with about 48 percent opposing it, and about 40 percent supporting it.【答案 J are divided on the new policy【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。表示“对这条新政策的意见存在分歧”译为be divided on the new policy, be divided on是固定搭配，意为

47、“在上存在分歧”，且句子描述一般性事实，为一般现在时，主语是复数，be动 词应用 are。故填 are divided on the new policy o50 .亚马逊公司，其总部设在西雅图(Seattle),在过去的十年里经历了快速的发展，成为了全球最大的网上 书店。(locate)A, , has gone through rapid development and become the worlds largest online bookstore in the past decade.【答案】 whose headquarters are located in Seattle【解析

48、】【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。根据句意可知，英语句子里缺少“其总部设在西雅图”，可以用定语从 句表示，先行词为A；“其总部”可以表示为whose headquarters；“设在可以用短语be located in 表示，表示客观事实,用一般现在时,headquarters作主语,谓语动词用复数。故填whose headquarters are locatedin Seattle o51 .他的父母为儿子考入复旦大学而倍感自豪。（pride; admit）（汉译英）【答案 J His parents take pride in his/him being admitted to Fudan University.【解析】【详解】考查短语、动词和名词。表示“倍感自豪”应用短语take pride in,由于主语“他的父母（his parents）” 为复数，且句意描述一般性现象或事实，应用一般现在时；表示“考入（某所大学）；被（某所大学）录取” 应使用动词短语be admitted to,再结合其他汉语意思，故翻译为：His parents take pride in his/him being admitted to Fudan University. o52 .他面对如此