2022-2023学年北京市西城区北京第八中学高一上学期期末英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、2022-2023学年度第一学期期末练习题年级：高一科目：英语本卷满分100分，考试时间90分钟一、完形填空（共10小题;每小题L5分,共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂On a foggy Sunday morning, Amrisha Vaish was sleeping soundly at home in Arlington, Virginia. The sound that woke him at 7:15 was so loud that he assumed it came from inside his

2、house. As he got up to 1 carefully, he heard another sound, this one coming most definitely from outside. Looking out of his bedroom window, he noticed a tree 2-in smoke about 500 yards away. A car was wrapped by smoke around the trees base, and its engine was on fire.Seeing that, he immediately gra

3、bbed buckets of water and ran to the crash site. Up close, the 3 looked worse. The car was split nearly in two, and the tree was where the drivers seat ought to have been, as if 4 there. He thought that no one could have survived this crash, and yet there was 15-year-old Quintin Thompson, still5 wit

4、h his terrified face pressed against the drivers side window, in visible pain. Vaish tried putting out the fire with his buckets of water yet with no success. When the 6 got into the front seats, he realized he had to get the boy out of there as soon as possible.Instantly, Vaish tried to open the ba

5、ck door, but he failed. He picked up a stone beside the tree and hit the back door. This time, it 7, The back door was opened and Vaish crawled in. Thompson was struggling to get freewhen Vaish noticed how 8 his legs were. Using a pocketknife, Vaish sawed through Thompsons seat belt. Now that Thomps

6、on was free of restraints （束缚）,Vaish pulled him out of a window, and then dragged him to safety before the car was 9 surrounded by flames. Vaish called an ambulance as Thompson suffered severely. Soon, the doctors arrived and Vaish felt 10.1. A. analyseB. viewC. examineD. question2. A. envelopedB.ch

7、okedC. markedD. rescued3. A. woundB. damageC. engineD. smoke4. A. drawnB. guardedC.sentD. planted5. A. calmB. curiousC. consciousD. confident6. A. waterB. driverC. passengersD. flames7. A. respondedB. changedC. workedD. failedeventually our livers. It is must-read for everyone who wishes to form lif

8、etime habits.The Road Less Travelled, by Scott PeckSimply put, buy this book for the path towards understanding in a spiritual way that strengthens your personal growth. This book never gives you easy solutions to the challenges of life; it simply is part of life and leaves you with better understan

9、ding to lead a fulfilled life.29. Which book can help you chase your dream passionately?A. Dao De Jing.B. The Go-Giver.C. The Road Less Travelled.D. The Science of Getting Rich.30. Which of the following ideas may Scott Peck agree with?A. Habits can shape our future.B. There is always truth in the o

10、pposite.C. Difficulty is often part of personal growth.D We should find easy solutions to challenges.31. What can we know about the books mentioned above?A. They are all easily written.B. They are all popular books.C. All their writers are foreigners.D. All the books are about life goals.【答案】29. A 3

11、0. C 31. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了一些成千上万的读者推荐的非常受欢迎的书籍。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文中 Dao De Jing, by Lao Zi 中的“Dao De Jing is one of the finest books on philosophy written by Lao Zi, an ancient Chinese philosopher and poet. It is sincere, exciting and makes you think a lot. Read it and get in touch with the clear

12、 educative understandings that give you enough tips to pursue your life goal full of passion.（道德经是中国古代哲学家、诗人老子所著的最优秀的哲学著作之一。它是真诚的，令人兴奋的， 让你思考很多。读一读，你就会明白其中清晰的教育理念，它会给你足够的建议，让你充满激情地追求自 己的人生目标。）”可知，道德经能帮助你激情地追逐梦想。故选A。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“This book never gives you easy solutions to the challenges of lif

13、e. It simply is part of life and leaves you with better understanding to lead a fulfilled life.（这本书不会给你简单的解决生活中的挑战 的方法。它只是生活的一部分，让你更好地理解，过上充实的生活。）”可知，Scott Peck会同意C项“困难 只是个人成长的一部分。”故选C。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段 “The following list includes some books that come highly recommended by millions of readers an

14、d also a short summary of the highlights of each work.（下面的清单包括了数百万读者强烈 推荐的几本书，以及每本书的亮点的简短总结。）”可知，这些书有那么多的读者推荐，所以很受欢迎，故 选B。CSarah came running in. Look what I found. Over the top of the paper I was reading came a crispy long object that caused me to jump. It was a snake skin that had been shed by one

15、 of our many garden snakes.“Isnt it beautiful? said my wide-eyed seven-year-old.I stared at the organic wrapper and thought to myself that it really wasnt that beautiful, but I have learned never to appear uninterested with children. They see only good quality and excellence in the world until educa

16、ted otherwise.“Why does it do this?” Sarah asked.“Snakes shed their skin because they need to renew themselves,“ I explained. Why do they need to renew themselves? Sarah asked.I suddenly remembered an article on this page many years ago where the writer was expressing her concept of renewal. She use

17、d layers of paper over a wall to describe how we hide our original selves, and said that by peeling away those layers one by one, we see the original beneath. We often need to shed our skins and those coatings that we cover ourselves with J I said to my now absorbed daughter. 4tWe outgrow some thing

18、s and find other ones unwanted or unnecessary. This snake no longer needs this skin. It is probably too crinkly （起皱的）for him, and he probably doesnt think he looks as smart in it as he once did.”Sarah was getting the point. As we talked, I knew that she began to understand, although slightly, that r

19、enewal is part of progress; that we need to take a good look at ourselves, our rooms, schoolwork and creativity, and see what we need to keep and what we need to cast off. I was careful to point out that this is a natural consequence of their growth.“I see, Dad, said Sarah and jumped off my lap and

20、ran off.I hoped she would remember this. That often, in order to find our real selves underneath the layers of community and culture with which we cover ourselves year after year, we need to start examining these layers. We need to gently peel some away, as we recognize them to be worthless or unnec

21、essary; or at best, store the ones thrown away as mementoes （念想）of our promotion to a better vitality or spirit.32. At the first sight of the snake skin, the author was.A. scaredB. puzzledD. excitedC. uninterested33. Sarah learned from her father that renewal is.A. to recover the layers insideB. to

22、review what has been doneC. a natural part of getting matureD. the process of finding the unwanted34. It can be inferred from the passage that the author.A. dislikes the snake skin at allB. shows concern for nature and cultureC. can grasp the chance to educate childrenD. often encourages his daughte

23、r to raise questions35. The author mainly tells the reader that.A. snakes cast off the layers to look smarterB. we should renew ourselves to get improvedC. snakes shed their skins to renew themselvesD. we should explore our original nature underneath【答案】32. A33. C 34. C 35. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了作者

24、的女儿问作者关于蛇为什么会脱皮的问题，作者借机又给女 儿进行了一次教育。蛇要脱皮是在成长，人要进步也须不断反省自己，只有会发现自己的缺点才能不断进 步。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文中第段 Over the top of the paper I was reading came a crispy long object that caused me to jump.一句可知，作者看到这个长长的，硬而易碎的东西的时候吓得都跳起来了，scared受惊吓的；puzzled 困惑的;uninterested不感兴趣的；excited激动的。故选A。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文中 Sarah wa

25、s getting the point. As we talked, I knew that she began to understand, although slightly, that renewal is part of progress; 及 I was careful to point out that this is a natural consequence of their growth. 可知Sarah开始慢慢理解蛇蜕皮也是一种进步，并且作者继续指出这是他们成长的很自然的一种结果。故选 Co【34题详解】 推理判断题。本文作者的女儿问作者关于蛇为什么会脱皮的问题，作者抓住这

26、个机会给女儿进行了一次教 育。因此可推知，作者很善于抓住生活中的小事对孩子进行教育。故选C。【35题详解】推理判断题。作者在文中针对蛇为什么会脱皮这一问题，把蛇的脱皮和人的进步作了类比。借机给女儿进 行了一次教育。也是在向我们大家讲述这一道理：人要进步也须不断反省自己，这样才会发现自己的缺点 并不断进步。故选BDPersonality types are linked with structural differences in the brain, which could explain why one child grows up to be impulsive（冲动的）and outgo

27、ing while another becomes diligent and introspective.Structural differences between the brains of 85 people have been measured and linked with the four main categories of personality types, which were classified as novelty seeking，characterized by impulsive actions; “harm avoidance”, marked by pessi

28、mism and shyness; reward dependence”, with an addictive personality; and “persistence”, who are people tending to be diligent, hard-working and perfectionists.The researchers said the brain differences are structural and can be measured in the size of specific regions of the brain that appear to be

29、linked with each of the four personality types. For instance, people defined as novelty-seeking personalities had a structurally bigger area in the brain while people with harm-avoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue in brain regions.The fact that characteristics are refl

30、ected in specific structural differences is useful to know, for instance, when it comes to understanding a childs behavior and choosing the right approach so that somebody who is, for example, particularly timid, might be helped through education and development.There is no point shouting at a child

31、 who is very shy and telling them off, because it does not come naturally to them to put themselves forward. But actually knowing there is a biological basis for this helps educators or parents to use the right approach to help a child to compensate.People who have a reward-dependence personality co

32、uld, for example, be helped at an early age because they are at risk of turning to drink, drugs or food if they do not get the family support and encouragement they need.“This study shows that personality characteristics are something you are bom with, but their full expression can be adjusted durin

33、g development with the right approach J said Professor Venneri, who carried out the study with colleagues from the University of Parma in Italy and Washington University in St Louis.If you know its not something you do but something you are, you can change the environment to reduce the risk. Knowing

34、 that someone has such a predisposition （体质）could help them adopt preventive strategies and avoid situations where they might seek rewards which could be potentially harmful.36. Which type of person may turn out to be drug-abusers?B. Persistence”.A. Novelty seeking”.C. Harm avoidance”.D. “Reward dep

35、endence”.37. Which of the following is true about shy people?A. They structurally have a smaller brain region.B. They can naturally put themselves forward.C. They are too timid to be educated and helped.D. They are often shouted at and scolded.38. Whats the main idea of the passage?A. People have ch

36、ances to change their personality types.B. Structural differences in the brain have effects on education.C. Personality types are related to structural differences in the brain.D. Scientists have identified four different personality types.39. The author writes the passage to.A. argue a claimB. pres

37、ent a factC. support a researchD. introduce an approach【答案】36. D 37. A 38. C 39. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲性格类型与大脑的结构差异有关。【36题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段“Structural differences between the brains of 85 people have been measured and linked with the four main categories of personality types, which were classified as

38、 novelty seeking9, characterized by impulsive actions; harm avoidance, marked by pessimism and shyness; reward dependence5, with an addictive personality; and persistence，, who are people tending to be diligent, hard-working and perfectionists.(85 人的大脑 结构差异已被测量，并与四种主要的性格类型相联系，这四种类型被归类为求新，以冲动行为为特征；避

39、免伤害，以悲观和害羞为特征；奖赏依赖，具有成瘾性；和坚持，他们倾向于勤奋、努力和完美主义者。）” 可知，“奖赏依赖”，具有成瘾性，所以更可能成为吸毒者。故选D项。【37题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段“For instance, people defined as novelty-seeking personalities had a structurally bigger area in the brain while people with harm-avoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue i

40、n brain regions.（例如，被定义为求新性格的人的大脑区域结构更大，而具有避免伤害性格的人大脑区域的组织 体积明显更小。）”可知，害羞的人应该是有避免伤害性格的人，所以他们大脑区域会小一些。故选A项。 【38题详解】主旨大意题。由文章第一段 uPersonality types are linked with structural differences in the brain, which could explain why one child grows up to be impulsive（冲动的）and outgoing while another becomes dil

41、igent and introspective性格类型与大脑的结构差异有关，这可以解释为什么一个孩子长大后变得冲动外向，而另一个 孩子变得勤奋内省。）”以及后文可知，本文主要讲性格类型与大脑的结构差异有关。故选C项。【39题详解】推理判断题。由文章第三段“The researchers said the brain differences are structural and can be measured in the size of specific regions of the brain that appear to be linked with each of the four pe

42、rsonality types.（研究人员表 示，大脑的差异是结构性的，可以通过大脑中特定区域的大小来衡量，这些区域似乎与四种性格类型中的 每一种都有联系。）”以及前后文可知，文章主要是在客观陈述有一个关于大脑差异和性格的关系研究结果, 即陈述一个事实。故选B项。ENowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods （ GM foods）. GM foods develop from genetically modified organisms （有机体），which have had speci

43、fic changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise where an organism is exposed to chemicals to create a non-specific but stable change. For many people, the high-tech production raises all kinds of environmental, ethical, health and safet

44、y problems. Particularly in countries with long farming traditions, the idea seems against nature.In fact, GM foods are already very much a part of our lives. They were first put on the market in 1996. A third of the corn and more than half the cotton grown in the U. S. last year was the product of

45、biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic genie is out of the bottle.However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing. In wea

46、lthy countries, the debate about biotech is not so fierce by the fact that they have a large number of foods to choose from, and a supply that goes beyond the needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the matter is simpler and much more urgent: do the be

47、nefits of biotech outweigh the risks?The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the worlds population reached 6 billion. The UN states that nearly 800 million people around the world are unhealthy. About 400 million women of childbearing age dont have enough iron, which

48、 means their babies are exposed to various birth defeats.As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness.How can biotech help? Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values. Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to drought, poor soil and crop viruses.40