2022-2023学年上海市宜川中学高一上学期期末自我诊断英语练习试卷（解析版）.docx

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1、宜川中学2022学年第一学期期末自我诊断练习高一英语试卷L Listening Comprehension (30)Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation? a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After

2、you hear u conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Beneficial. B. Unhealthy. C. Common. D. Rare.2. A. They will be out of fashion quickly.B. They look good for the price.C. They

3、 may not last long.D. They are not really cheap.3. A. John should give priority to his privacy.B. John had better choose a cheap apartment.C. John is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.D. John should make sure that he can find a quiet place.4. A. She will get her car back on Friday.B. Shes just p

4、aid a visit to the Andersons.C. She may not be able to give the man a ride.D. She isnt sure whether she will go to the party.5. A. Tony gave a well-grounded reason.B. Tony should choose another course.C. Tony should continue his science class.D. Tony had better get up early every morning.6. A. It is

5、 under-staffed.B. It is crowded with customers.C. It isnt big enough.D. It doesnt provide good service.32. A. digging for33. A. infancy34. A. in case of35. A. chemicalB. hiding fromB. childhoodC. bringing outD. mixing into【答案】21. D 22. BB. in the way ofB. physicalC. youthC. regardless ofC. psycholog

6、ical23. A 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. BD. peakE. owing toF. medical28. C 29. D 30. A 31.C 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. A【解析】【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍韦布望远镜首次拍到系外行星HIP65426b图像的事情。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜拍摄到了一颗被云层笼罩的巨大行星，它围绕着距 离太阳385光年的恒星运行，被称为“天文学的变革时刻”。A. difficult困难的；B.awful糟糕的；C.dramatic 戏剧性的;D. transformative 变

7、革性的。根据上文 “ A giant planet shrouded（遮盖）in clouds, inorbit（轨道）around a star 385 light years from our sun, has been captured by the James Webb Space Telescope in images可知，这颗行星的发现有重大意义。故选D。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：它用红外光拍摄图像，这使得天文学家能够更精确地计算“系外行星”的质量 和温度，系外行星是指围绕其他恒星运行的行星。A. carefully细心地；B.precisely精确地；C.positi

8、vely积 极地；D. quickly快速地。根据上文“It captured images in infrared light”可知，用红外光拍摄图像能够更精 确地计算“系外行星”的质量和温度。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第2题详解。A. term术语，措辞；B. reason原因；C.explanation解释；D. material材料。根据上文的破折号和下文“for planets in orbit around other stars”可知，这是指exoplanets这 一措辞。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它最终应该能让他们探测到云层在其表面移动

9、，揭示出距离我们太阳系几百光 年的世界上的外星天气模式。A. reporting报道；B.forecasting预测；C. changing改变；D. revealing揭示。 根据上文 “It should ultimately allow them to detect clouds moving across their surface可知，这是利用红外光 最终会达到的目的，所以应该是可以揭示出距离我们太阳系几百光年的世界上的外星天气模式。故选D。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这颗行星比木星大12倍，与地球与太阳的距离相比，它的轨道距离主星约 1。0倍，这使得天文学家在试图捕捉这

10、颗行星的图像时更难将其与恒星分开。A. clear清楚的；B.impossible 不可能的；C. easier 更容易的；D. harder 更难的。根据上文 “The planet is up to 12 times bigger than Jupiter and orbits about 100 times farther from its host star compared with the Earths distance from the sun” 可知，这颗行星的状况使得天文学家在试图捕捉这颗行星的图像时更难将其与恒星分开。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这颗行星的

11、年龄只有1500万至2000万年，只是地球年龄45亿年的零头。A.time 时间；B.age 年龄;C. history 历史;D. distance 距离。根据下文 “which is 4.5 billion years old” 可知， 这里指地球的年龄。故选B。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：NASA说，与木星和土星一样，它“没有岩石表面，也不可能是宜居的。 A. renewable可再生的；B. habitable宜居的；C. detectable可探测的；D. feasible可行的。根据上文“it has “no rocky surface”可知，它没有岩石表面，所以也不可

12、能是宜居的。故选B。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：系外行星的存在通常是在来自遥远恒星的光线每隔一段时间变得不那么明亮时 才被探测到的，这表明一颗行星在每一轨道上经过它的表面一次，就像一次微小的日偏食。A. form形成； B. component 成分；C. existence 存在；D. orbit 轨道。根据下文 “is usually detected when the light from a distant star appears to become less 9at regular intervals v可知，这里指探测到系外行星的存在。故选Co【29题详解】考查形容词词

13、义辨析。句意：见第8题详解。A. gentle温柔的；B. natural自然的；C. warm温暖的；D. bright 亮的。根据下文 suggesting that a planet is passing across its face once per orbit like a tiny partial eclipse”可知，当来自遥远恒星的光线每隔一段时间变得不那么明亮时，系外行星才能被探测到。故选Do【30题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：拍摄一颗系外行星的直接图像是极其困难的，因为它们比它们所环绕的恒星要 暗几千倍。A. because因为;B. although尽管;C.unle

14、ss除非；D. as if好像。根据这句话上下文意思可 知，两个小分句之间是因果关系。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：詹姆斯韦伯(James Webb)使用一种称为日冕仪的仪器来阻挡位于半人马座 的HiP65426b主星发出的光线，“获得这张照片感觉就像在挖掘太空宝藏，”加州大学的研究员艾伦卡 特(Aarynn Carter)说。A. look out 留神；B. find out 弄明白；C. block out 阻挡;D. make out 制作。根据上 文 “It is extremely difficult to capture a direct image of an

15、exoplanet 10 they are thousands of times fainter than the stars they orbit/?可知，因为这颗行星本身的光很弱，所以要阻挡亮的主星发出的光线才能 看到它。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：见第11题详解。A. digging for挖掘；B. hiding from隐藏于；C.bringing out带 出来；D. mixing into 混合于。根据上文 “James Webb used an instrument called a coronagraph to 11 light from HiP65426b

16、5 s host star,v可知，因为这颗行星本身的光很弱，所以要阻挡亮的主星发出的光线才 能看到它，所以感觉就像在挖掘太空宝藏，这个过程是很困难的。故选A。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些图像可以为40亿年前木星和土星在婴儿时期的样子提供线索。A. infancy 婴儿；B. childhood 儿时；C. youth 青年;D. peak 顶峰。根据上文“The planet is only 15 to 20 million years old”可知，这颗行星只有1500万至2000万年的历史，所以相对于40亿年，应该是婴儿时期。故选A。【34题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：美

17、国国家航空航天局表示，“韦伯在更长的红外波长下的观察显示了新的细 节，由于地球大气层的固有红外辐射，地面望远镜无法探测到这些细节。 A. in case of以防万一；B. in the way of 以的方式；C. regardless of 不考虑；D. owing to 因为。根据上文 “groundbased telescopes would not be able to detect可知，地面望远镜无法探测到这些细节，应该是由于地球大气层的固有红外辐 射。故选D。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该望远镜已经被用于分析另一颗系外行星WASP-39b上大气的化学组成，通 过分析穿

18、过云层的光谱来探测二氧化碳。A. chemical化学的；B. physical物理的；C. psychological心理 的；D.medical医学的。根据下文detecting carbon dioxiden可知，这里指探测另一颗系外行星上的化学 物质。故选A。Section B (40)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unHnished statements. For each of them there are four ch

19、oices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.“Its no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration

20、fbr designers,says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚) shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China- inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese

21、works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics（美学）on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.“China is impossible to overlook,“ say

22、s Hill. Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion 一 they are central to its movement. Of course, not only are today ?s top Western designers being influenced by China-some of

23、the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales,“ adds Hill.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashi

24、on. The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers,she says. China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about Chinaits influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and h

25、ow young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”36. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?A. It promoted the sales of artworks.C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.37. What does Hill say about Chinese women?A They are setting the fashion.8. It attracted a larg

26、e number of visitors.D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.B. They start many fashion campaigns.C. They admire super models.D. They do business all over the world.38. What do the underlined words taking on“ in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning fromB. looking down on C. working withD. competing against3

27、9. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the WorldB. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkC. Differences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsD. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends【答案】36.B37. A 38. D 39. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚

28、界的影响。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中 The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.可知，此次展览吸引的参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。故选B。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中 Hill 所说的话“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, w

29、hich means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion - they are central to its movement.” (中国模特是向世界各地的女性推销梦想的美丽和时尚运动的面孔，这意味着中国女 性不仅仅是时尚的消费者一一她们是这场运动的核心。)可知，Hill说中国女性正在引领新时尚，故选A。【38题详解】词义猜测题。根据下文and beating them hands down in design and sales说在设计和销售上击败他们，由此推 断出上文 Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jaso

30、n Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs 的意思是 Vera Wang Alexander Wang 和 Jason Wu 正在与 Galliano Albaz 和 Mare Jacobs 竞争。taking on 意思是“竞争”，故选 Do【39题详解】主旨大意题。本文通过Amanda Hill的评论，论述了中国文化、中国艺术、中国设计师等等在国际时尚中发 挥着非常重要的作用。因此，“中国文化刺激着国际时尚的发展和潮流”最能概括文章大意。故选D。(B)Some of the worlds most significant problems

31、 never hit headlines. One example comes from agriculture.Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the worlds major crops. A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University i

32、n Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring.The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat corn and soybeans. They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that took place before the 1980s s

33、lowed down in the 1990s and 2000s.There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the worlds most populous countries, India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on w

34、orld food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse.Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soya beans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all

35、 calories consumed. Com and soybeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world.”The report qualifies th

36、e more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organization has argued.Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploug

37、hed up for crops might be able to revert to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.40. What does the author try to draw attention to?A. Food riots and hunger in the world.B. News headlines in t

38、he leading media.C. The decline of the grain yield growth.D. The food supply in populous countries.41. Why does the author mention India and China in particular?A. Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.B. Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent yea

39、rs.C. Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns.D. Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted.42. What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?A. They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the 1980s.B. They contribut

40、e a lot to the improvement of human food production.C. They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world.D. They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains.43. What does the Food and Agriculture Organization say about world food production in the coming deca

41、des?A. The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies.B. The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution.C. The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed.D The world will be able to feed its population withou

42、t increasing farmland.【答案】40.C41. A 42. D 43. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了世界上一些主要农作物产量增长正在下降，列举了四种最重要的作物的产量提高在90年代和21世纪初的减缓情况，说明了其两个令人担忧的特征。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Some of the worlds most significant problems never hit headlines. One example comes from agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the t

43、rend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the worlds major crops.（世界上一些最严重的问题从 未上过头条。以农业为例。粮食骚乱和饥饿成为新闻。但隐藏在这些问题背后的趋势很少被谈论。那就是 是世界上一些主要农作物产量增长的下降）”可知，作者试图引起读者注意的是粮食产量增长的下降。故选 Co【41题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中 “One is that it has been particular

44、ly sharp in the worlds most populous countries, India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets.（其中之一是，在世界人口最多的国家印度和中国，这种情况尤为严重。他们养活自己的能力一直是各国国内和世界粮食市场相对稳定的一个重要来源）”可推知，作者特别提 到印度和中国是为了说明他们的自给自足对世界

45、粮食市场的稳定至关重要。故选A。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段 “The authors note that “we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world. （作者们指出，“我们优先把我们的作物改良努力集中在喂养动物和汽车上，而不是喂养人类 的作物，这些作物是世界上大部

46、分地区粮食安全的基础。可知，这两所大学的新研究认为，最近的作 物改良工作更关注动物饲料的增加而不是人类粮食的增加。故选Do【43题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 “The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agric

47、ulture Organization has argued.（该报告对另一篇新论文的更为乐观的发现进行了补充， 该论文认为，到2050年，世界不必像粮农组织所主张的那样，为了养活90亿人口而开垦大量的耕地）”可 推知，粮农组织认为，未来儿十年，世界将能够在不增加耕地的情况下养活它的人口。故选D。（C）It happens every spring. Flowers suddenly burst out everywhere on the same day, as if they were in tune with one another. But how exactly do plants

48、know” when to flower?It is a question that has puzzled biologists for years. But according to Science Daily, a US research group may have finally answered it-the secret lies in a protein called FKFI which allows plants to sense the differences in day lengths so that they can tell the seasons are changing. Researchers spotted the FKFI protein when they were studying a plant called Arabidopsis. They found that the protein is a photoreceptor. This means it is sensitive to, and can be activated by sunlight.Plants produce t